The purpose of this research was to examine the role of NGOs during COVID-19. Covid-19 pandemic was substantially more than a health crisis, it's also a significant financial crisis. Qualitative data was collected in this research through interview guide from administration of NGOs. In this research working of NGOs, challenges confronting to NGOs, nature of coordination of NGOs with different stakeholders, strategies used by the NGO's, response of people regarding the services, how NGO's managing their resources for providing services during COVID-19 pandemic was studied. It was found that NGOs were providing assistance to the patients of the Covid-19 as well as facilitating them in all respect related to treatment of Covid-19.It was recommended that NGOs should have to build up their electronic communication capacity, build up their site and discuss consistently with NGOs individuals.

Traditional mode of teaching promoted rote learning among learners over the years. A University classroom is a place where learners acquire new knowledge, skills, abilities, capabilities, and techniques. This study unveils the English Language Learning problems of undergraduate students. The target population was 155 university students. Qualitative research methods were fielded. 'Observation, video-recording, focus group interview, and diary notes' were research instruments. Outcomes were drawn through the lenses of Action Research. Purposive sampling was the research design. 'Interpretive approach' was employed for data analysis. Results exhibited that students confronted English language problems, and they affected student learning.The study speaks volumes about the gap between teaching and learning. This gap needs to be addressed through Action Research to achieve effective learning outcomes. This study recommends the use of novel teaching strategies, lesson plans, pair work, group discussions, robust material, learner engagement, and constructive feedback in university education.

The study assumes that students belonging to diverse educational levels were dissimilar in the level of practicing and competence in online health literacy. The survey method used a questionnaire to measure the responses of students of 16 universities in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of 1512 students was selected by using a 4-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Dunn test, and Mann-Whitney Utest (non-parametric). The findings show that educational level does have a significant association with practicing level in online health literacy (P.Value.0041). Moreover, education level also has a significant association with competence level in online health literacy (P. Value.045). The study recommends that online health literacy should be encouraged among the students, and the universities should be well-equipped with adequate hardware and human resources to facilitate the students.

Pakistan is a country founded on Islamic identity, and it was established to safeguard Muslims' religious, cultural, and historical identities.Individuals and families can find spiritual, social, psychological, and often material support through religion. Pakistan's interest in building a righteous,organized, systematic, peaceable, and prosperous nation has indeed been paramount since time immemorial. Pakistan, since its inception inherited ethnically, sociologically, territorially, financially, and linguistically diverse social structure and population. Religion served as the foundation for the configuration of this nation. Specific structures of societal, economic and social deprivation altered this governmental ideology. Even though the country remains dominantly Muslim, demographically, it is relatively fragmented and disintegrated. This paper investigates the components of diversification that ultimately stymied Pakistan's nation-building process and will examine the process of Islamization, particularly during the Zia era, which assisted Pakistan in establishing a unified society based on Islamic principles of progressive political equality, and economic justice.

COVID-19 has disturbed the record of the activities in the world.But education is the only diligence that moved entirely in the online method in most of the countries. And virtual learning and teaching as well as the best option to continue the education throughout the covid-19 pandemic,particularly in tertiary learning. The purpose of this study is to know the motivation level of L2 learners during the pandemic. For that purpose, 1015 undergraduate students were selected randomly from the University of Education FSD campus. The quantitative method was used, and data was analyzed through SPSS software. A questionnaire was distributed among all the students and asked to fill it out. After analyzing the data, it has been seen that covid-19 did not affect the motivation level of the students. It is recommended that Govt. should take bold steps and provide funds to students and teachers as well to continue the education properly.

This research article primarily dealt with the impact of theory of deconstruction in various disciplines; it endeavored to study the power of pervasion of this notable literary and philosophical theory into other areas of study including the field of education, too. Theory of deconstruction as propounded by Jacques Derrida, famous French abstruse thinker and philosopher of twentieth century, emphasizes the transient nature of the meaning of a text by finding various aporias -- a logical dis-junction in a text -- and impasses lying in the text whatever. Such aporias disturb the underlying system of logic of the text under consideration leading to its own negation.Being considered as the main building block of Postmodernism --a style and concept in the arts characterized by distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions -- this aggrandized theory has pervaded a great many fields of knowledge changing their fundamental claims altogether . In this way, this theory has gained much attention in the realm of knowledge. This article, as a matter of fact, studies this very influence of theory of deconstruction in the realm of various disciplines.

he use of mobile phones, in this era of technology, is considered to be an innovative (Quick learning resource) learning method in the field of education. The way technological advancement is playing its role to boost up the effectiveness of different education-based activities around the globe is also worth considering. This study, therefore, aims to explore the impact of different Discussion Groups over academic performance of the students. The fundamental objectives of the study are to examine the trends of using WhatsApp discussion groups among students, and to analyze the impact of its usage on their academic performance. Population of the study is comprised of the students enrolled in different universities of Lahore. These universities are further divided into two strata i.e. Private-sector universities and Public-sector universities (1-public and 1-private). Students from these universities are then selected using convenience sampling on second level. Similarly, survey method has been used to collect the data from sample of 200 students i.e. 100students from each university both male and female i.e. 50/50 male and female from each university.

The current study was conducted for the examination of the effect of the teachers' behavior on students' academic achievement while opting for the Positivist paradigm. It was quantitative research. A total of 600 students(50 percent including males and females) were selected using Cluster sampling out of 1200 students. "Teachers' Behavior Assessment Scale" adopted from (Hadie,Hassan, Bahri, And Yusoff, 2018) has been used for the measurement of teachers' behavior. It comprised of the five-point Likert's rating scale which ranges from "Almost Never" to "Almost Always" comprising 60 items. These 60 items have been categorized under eight categories/ indicators. On the other hand,the students' GPA has been taken and used for measuring their academic achievement. The data underwent the Mean, SD, Pearson's r and Linear regression outcome which showed that the students' achievement has been positively and moderate affected by the teachers' achievement.

This paper investigates the relationship between growth environment score and economic growth of N11 (Next eleven) countries over the period of 20 years that is; 1999-2018. A panel data regression, fixed effect model, random effect model and Hausman test are applied in our study.According to the Hausman specification test, the fixed-effect model is a suitable model for the study. Econometrics findings suggested that macroeconomic stability (external debt), macroeconomic conditions(investment) and human capital (education) have a significant impact on the economic growth of N11 countries. Our empirical findings provide insights on strategies that the countrywide government should enforce to enhance financial boom and improvement throughout the N11 countries.

This research examines the impact of brand addiction and self-liking in the relationship between big fiver personality traits and Electronic word of mouth (E-WOM). This research study is based upon a survey method, data from 233 respondents were collected to examine the impact of independent on dependent variables through mediation and moderation. Mediation and moderation were tested through Process and Hayes. The results of the present study show that the big five personality traits are a significant association with E-WOM. Results also reveal that brand addiction mediates while self-liking does not moderate the association between big five personality traits and E-WOM. This study also includes managerial implications, limitations and direction for future research.

This study aims at investigating the theatrical aspects of SamuelFyzee-Rahamin's play text Daughter of Ind. The playwright's theatricality comprises of a variety of distancing devices that are artistically positioned to realize the intended sociopolitical goals. To pop up the spectacle dimension of the said text, various situations, episodes, and personages are shrewdly juxtaposed against each other. This phenomenon inevitably necessitates the sense of urgency, immediacy, and the unfolding of the dialogic filters. A paradigm of analogies is introduced intentionally to complement and reinforce the dialectical configurations. Histrionic expressions and actions push the characters and the discourses towards the stagy world of acting. Theatrical imagery, the intervention of supernatural elements, the polyphony of competitive ideologies, and the narrational voice are the other features of theatricality that smartly challenge the coercive structures like patriarchy,colonialism, and the marginalization of the weak sections of the Indian society.Naivety is a common technique used by political dramatists to successfully enlist the attention of the audience. A theoretical framework for this study consists of postmodern theories on theater, especially Wladimir Krysinski's essay Changed Textual Signs in Modern Theatricality.

The focus on the belief system of employees and workers in organizations, as it is a hidden and under the radar system that actually creates a huge impact on the performance of an employee as well as on organizational performance. It is postulated that those who believe that the world is unjust,may try to be unjust with the world i.e., the people around them, and vice versa. We developed a theoretical framework and then collected data based on the hypothesized relationship. SPSS 21 was employed to run various tests to carry out the analysis. The target population was store/shop managers and a sample of 222 was selected as respondents. After analysis, results show great insights, as based on those perceptions having belief in a just world may have better contentment with life and they may be retained in the organization.Thus, employee retention may lead further to better organizational performance and culture. It was found that both the hypotheses were accepted and this study can have great theoretical and practical implications for the researchers and for the practitioners in organizations as well

Every living thing faces a change. English, being a living language,has also gone through a course of variation since its initiation. These variations have been detected in English at every level. Most importantly,English orthography has changed a lot. The current study explores the impact of CMC on English orthography. Centered on some parameters and classification of data, this research principally investigates the Facebook status over the last three years. The study reveals that the existing English orthography is abridged and compact as compared to Standard English.Vowels underwent deletion in written script whereas pronouns are not present in many cases. Simplification in English spellings exhibits exceptional novelties i.e., numeric insertions in text, creativity in written structure,omission of letters, and phonological, phonemic and morphological changes in orthography. This research argues that there has always been a diachronic change in English spellings and CMC has accelerated it.

The study aimed to examine the physical education teacher's perception of physical education classes at public secondary schools in Punjab,Pakistan. The targeted population of this study was the physical education teachers working in secondary schools. The study sample was taken from four districts of Punjab (Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, and Rajanpur). Eighty physical education teachers participated in this study. Data was collected using an adapted questionnaire. The descriptive and inferential statistic techniques were applied to analyze the data. The gender perception differences of teachers were tested through an independent t-test. Age and qualification differences were measured through a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The relationship between age, qualification and perception was examined through correlation analysis. The findings revealed a significant difference in teachers' perceptions of gender, age and qualification groups. Age, qualification and perception have a positive and meaningful relationship. The results showed that male teachers have a higher perception of physical education than females.

The learning process in the university and the environment on campus have a crucial role in the development of students' psychological and physical well-being. The present study aims to highlight the problems of online classes faced by university students during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines the factors of online classes that caused depression among Pakistani students. The data was collected through an online survey and students were asked to fill survey comprised of perception sand problems of online classes and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A total of 820 students were approached. Among them, 734 (89.51 Percent) had completed the survey. The results showed that most of the students had moderately (31.34 Percent) or moderately severe (24.39 Percent) depressive symptoms because considerable problems occurred in their educational learning process due to online classes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that emotional support is necessary for the well-being of students as a study examining the COVID-19outbreak has an extraordinary burden on university students.

Social media platforms are used in many businesses for the marketing of their products and operations. The Lahore based restaurants are under observation of this research, and the impact of social media is highlighted in the meantime. The major objective of this study is to examine the impacts of social media in doing food business and how it influences their activities. A mix of qualitative and quantitative methods along with individual interviews was conducted. The results of the study showed that in the case of the restaurants business, social media has a positive impact and an increment in sales and flow of consumers. Facebook and Instagram are the major social media platforms used by restaurants. Word of mouth also plays a huge role.Nonetheless, social media provides cheap and accessible marketing to reach numerous people instantly.

Fintech is one of the novelty in the area of finance, it's a collaboration of finance and technology. Now a day's technology has become a significant part of the financial industry. Major products and services of Fintech include ATM, peer to peer lending, crowdfunding, and cryptocurrency. Understanding of financial terminology and acceptance of related risk of Fintech products and services are important. In that concern financial literacy and risk tolerance are significant element. This study has been conducted to evaluate how financial literacy and risk tolerance directly or indirectly can impact an entrepreneur for adoption of Fintech. After applying research method and data analysis from entrepreneur of Lahore, Pakistan, it has been concluded that financial.

The study was conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of psychological safety on creative performance, not in isolation, but by taking job involvement as a mediator. A plethora of research is available that is considered psychological safety and creativity. However, psychological safety has the potential to evoke and motivate employees to involve themselves in work-related activities. Positivism research philosophy was adopted, followed by a deductive approach. 132 sample size was finalized from the employees working in public sector related organizations. The results suggested that psychological safety significantly contributes to the creative performance of employees and job involvement is partially mediating the said relationship.

Populists are dominating the world's political situation. The election campaign of Donald Trump in the United States, the emergence of right-wing populist parties in Eastern Europe, and the popularity of Narendra Modi of India prove that we live in a populist world. Populism has also returned to Pakistan as cricketer-turning politician Imran Khan's popularity was attributed to a massive publicity campaign. This article aims to evaluate the populist coverage of Pakistan's political parties in media. This research study aims to answer the question of which political party shares more populist views, in what form they share it, and who the targets of these populist views are. Therese archer has utilized the "Quantitative Content Analysis" as a research method to answer the outstanding research questions. The news coverage of the two leading English-language newspapers of Pakistan, namely Dawn and The News International, has been studied. A total of 278 news stories we reexamined during the month of the 2018 elections. The findings support that Pakistan Tahreek-e-Insaf was the most populist party and the Shariffamily/PMLN was the prime target of anti-elitist views shared by PTI.Findings also support that The News International gave more coverage to populist narratives than Dawn.

This study focuses on how businesses can depend upon non-market elements, gain privileged handling from hosting governmental bodies, and safeguard the intellectual property in other states. This study interrogates different non-market elements; one is at the national level, while the other is at the corporate level, i.e., to influence where businesses focus their innovative efforts. It uses the qualitative method to analyse statutes, local and international laws, protocols, conventions, etc. The findings highlight the importance of intellectual property, which is the creation of the mind, innovation or innovative activities. Internationally these are fully protected by law under Intellectual property rights. Previous studies also consider other relevant factors like the political or governmental role in protecting overseas R and D investments by Intellectual property rights (IPR) regulations. Further, it concluded that the laws related to IPR and non-market factors safeguard company invention from piracy and make states more appealing for innovation-based activity.

English has a paramount role in this digital world of internet and mobile technology. Digital technology has facilitated language learning. This study focused on identifying English language problems of novice engineering students in this modern age of scientific advancement.Convenience sampling method was used since the principal researcher taught the subject of Functional English to participants. Eighty engineering students were surveyed. Research instruments were document analysis and classroom observation. Data were analyzed through an interpretative approach to drawing study outcomes. Results exhibited engineering students faced English language problems in the English language classroom context. Multiple English language problems surfaced, such as poor vocabulary, spelling errors,grammatical errors, writing problems, comprehension problems, and accepting teacher dictation. Additionally, psychological problems were shyness, low self-confidence, nervousness, fear of peer criticism and stage fright.

Islam in western literary and non-literary discourse has been represented stereo typically as a static, extremist, jihadist, fundamentalist religion of terrorism, a threat to western ideology. Akbar S. Ahmed's Journey into Islam critiques the distorted images of Muslims, Islam and its practices.This article attempts to highlight the stereotypical representation of Islam and Muslims in media and academic representations. The theoretical framework for this research paper is based upon the methodological assumptions derived from Edward Said's Covering Islam (1997). It explores the true picture of Islam as a religion of peace, compassion and harmony and challenges the association of terrorism with Islam.

Competition and complexity have increased many folds in professional arenas. The world is now becoming more integrated. However,the trend of personal success is gaining more importance in our lives. The process of Personal Branding is similar to Celebrity Branding. Professionals use it as a tool for creating an intended professional image and enhancing career success. There have been books and research on Personal Development,self-improvement, and personal management since 1960. However, Personal Branding is differentiated from regular branding practices as it focuses on personal strengths and talents. It helps the professionals to differentiate themselves from their competitors and achieve intended professional goals.Personal Branding is not synonymous with becoming famous or acquiring celebrity status. Instead, it focuses on building a reputation as a professional and creating a positive image for the relevant target audience.

The current study is conducted to evaluate the e-government portal E-Khidmat Markaz launched by the government of Punjab. This study addresses two contemporary issues related to e-government: the successful implementation and the factors behind the success. For this purpose, a theoretical framework for assessing critical success factors behind e-government and online interaction in Pakistan is developed. The responses of25 officials from public sector firms were interviewed to determine the relationships between technological, organizational, and external factors and the successful implementation of e-government. The nature of the study is qualitative, and the research methodology is applied using Nvivo software.This study will contribute to the research work done in the IT sector and the managerial implications of adopting e-government-based service delivery.The Pakistani government can realize its advancement through proper planning, policy making, process designing, and improving it. Government-based services can be delivered more effectively and efficiently. A citizen will be more satisfied with a government organization's performance if the factors identified in the study given consideration will implement in an e-government project in Pakistan.

Drawing on COR (conservation of resources) theory, the current study investigates the impact of personal resources on mental health and hope on work engagement. The study assesses the mediation of hope on mental health and works on engagement relationship. Data was gathered in two waves with a gap of one month between T1 and T2 from 200 front line healthcare workers employed in Pakistan's public and private sector hospitals.The findings reveal that hope establishes an essential role in explicating mental health and work engagement relationship, particularly during the challenging times of the COVID-19. Implications of the findings have also been discussed.

The study investigates the speech practices of rural Pothohari speakers in the home domain in the light of demographic variables: income, age, education and occupation. It discovers various social, economic, political and affective factors and their complex relationship with respect to language preferences and changes in patterns of use. The data for the study comes from recorded dinner time conversations of the native Pothohari speakers and their interviews. The study highlights interesting facts about family language use, language choices and the sociolinguistic situation of the Pthothari speech community. The findings suggest that Pothohari is undergoing the complex process of language shift and desertion. It is expected that the study will be a move toward raising awareness about endangering the subsistence of the indigenous language and will broaden the understanding regarding language maintenance and the shifting process.

Islamophobia is the term used to refer to the discrimination against the one who practices Islam, called Muslims. It is the combination of many things that includes dislike, terror, and prejudice towards the things that are part of the Muslim religion, including Holy places where they worship, the Hijab, The Holy Book Quran, etc. Aggressive and hateful behavior is shown towards Muslims by burning their holy places, banning the Hijab, and badmouthing about the Prophet or something very dear to Muslims. The name Islam has linked up with the worst perception of unsafe, violence,terrorism, and tough religion with many boundaries by the stereotypes, and they are considered as some kind of inhuman from another earth. The research is qualitative, based on document analysis and the review of previously published material related to the relevant theme. It finds that there are several challenges faced by Muslims in the Western world and now the concept is on the rise with the negative use of media around the world.

The Authors used current influential models from the literature to explore the factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career and the research productivity of university teachers. The study was qualitative in nature. An interview protocol having ten open-ended questions about the influencing factors of teaching as a career choice and research productivity was used to collect data from a sample of 30 university teachers. The face-to-face and online interviews tried to explore and identify factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career and research productivity of university teachers.The study made several theoretical as well as practical contributions. A nunderstanding of the factors for the choice of teaching profession and research productivity has implications for planning and the development of teacher recruitment and promotion policies. The researchers extended the value component of the value-expectancy motivational framework and provided a theoretical and analytical framework to help guide future investigations in this area.

The relationship between poetry and nature enjoys timelessness. But the poetry relating to beauty, spirituality, and preservation of nature secure a special place as ecopoetry among other poetic genres. Taufiq Rafat's poetry is no exception when it comes to describing the natural landscapes, flora and fauna,seasonal variations, and human civilization to showcase the relation of man with nature. This study attempts to scrutinize the ecopoems from Rafat's poetry collections Arrival of the Monsoon: Collected Poems 1947-78 (1985) and HalfMoon: Poems 1979-1983 (2008) from two different perspectives of ecopoetry, i.e., environmental poetry to discuss rights of nature and ecophenomenological poetry to discuss nature for nature's sake propounded by J. Scott Bryson and Jonathan Bate, respectively. The study addresses political issues of identity construction through Tuanian topophilia - a sense of belonging with the place through comparative images from the natural world -, environmental abuse or revised sublime such as urbanization, poor management of the residential areas,industrial agriculture, uncertain climate change, deforestation, scarcity of water,extinction of wildlife, and loss of natural habitat, etc. - a postcolonial inheritance- leading to an identity crisis, and reconstruction of lost identity through nature-friendly living under the former sub genre and imaginative impulse revived through the effects of sublime and beautiful on the tired soul of Rafat to create the feelings of respectful awe and love under the latter one.

This research aims to investigate the socio-economic and political"impacts of El Nino and La Nina on" global weather conditions. The analogies El Nino - La Nina means "Little baby boy and Little baby girl" are the two different hot and cold climate patterns that developed in the Pacific Ocean due to the warm "Trade Wind", adversely affecting the global weather conditions.The trade winds are permanently flowing from the high-pressure area to low pressure belt between the latitudes of 30° and 40° N and S, bringing more rainfall and causing floods. This phenomenon of "El Nino and La Nina" has the worst impacts on global climate and weather conditions. This mixed high variations in the temperature, and up welling resulting the swear hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean, frequent tornado's in the Atlantic Ocean, destructive tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the Indo-Pacific and the hot surface of the oceanswater are the major indicators of increased global change in the weather conditions.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of professional training on teacher leaders and teachers' performance. The population of the study was secondary school teachers in Lahore; while there were selected 20 respondents were selected through a random sampling technique. For this study, a pre-experimental research design was administered.This scale was administered on the basis of the Teacher Leadership Exploratory Consortium. The research data was collected before and after treatment while SPSS was administered to analyze the research questions proposed in this study.The findings of this research revealed that the post-test score was greater than the pre-test. Significantly, this study is beneficial to developing the teacherleader skills and teachers' performance through professional training. Moreover,it may enhance the teaching-learning process by adopting innovative strategies and techniques.

The study aimed to investigate livestock's role in waning rural poverty in Kalla Saifullah district, Balochistan. Using convenient sampling, a sample of 150 was collected from three tehsils of the Kalla Saifullah district.The study found that most households were below the poverty line but could escape poverty with the help of livestock benefits. The study employed the logit model. The results of the explanatory variables showed that the benefit from livestock, age of the household head, agriculture credit, livestock training, gender of the household head, land ownership and education of the household head exhibited a significant but inverse association with the poverty of the households. Nevertheless, the size of the household has a positive impact on poverty, while family labour has no bearing on poverty. Therefore, to alleviate poverty in the region, which may significantly contribute to sustainable economic growth, the government needs to encourage interest- free loans and enhance the ability of the livestock producers through training.

The aim of the current study is to inspect the intervention of customer satisfaction in the association between service quality and corporate image to customer loyalty in the Pakistan banking sector. The population of this research is banking customers and a sample size of 210 respondents. This study uses the SPSS, Correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis techniques along with AMOS methods. The results of the study show that service quality and corporate image of the banks are not associated with customer loyalty, but this association is possible due to customer loyalty. This study shows that banks must focus on customer satisfaction to engage customer loyalty. CL is only achieved through customer satisfaction. The Pakistani banking sector, therefore, improves customer satisfaction, so the association between service quality, corporate image and customer loyalty must be enhanced.

The use of new construction materials, active cooling and heating systems, and rising global temperatures are surprisingly harming our environment and are contributing to pollution and the depletion of the ozone layer. The study focuses on several thermal comfort strategies for residential building designs and passive design techniques used in Abbottabad, Pakistan,traditional houses. The research also offers a descriptive examination of a traditional and a modern built house, highlighting the problems caused by the absence of conventional passive design elements in the latter. The research comes to a conclusion and suggests environmental protection measures that modern homes should use in the future.

Karachi, a megapolis city in specific, has seen a significant increase in urban growth and motorization over the last fifty years. The lack of effective public transportation is a consequence of incredibly reduced operational costs that are reasonable to many of Karachi's habitats, resulting in excessive car use.The study aims to figure out what psychological factors influence motorists'
decisions to use sustainable alternative modes of choice. People's movements are strongly linked to their social demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, profession, education levels, and family activities. For research, data has been collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used. Private Car users of Karachi's CBD were Focused. The descriptive analysis was adopted through SPSS. The "SEM" model was applied through the "PLS" Path Least Square Model. Resultantly, Intention is the crucial factor for the completion of the research.

The Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) English teaching approach was compared to the traditional English teaching method in this study. The research was carried out in Punjab secondary schools. The goal of this research was to see how the CIRC technique compared to traditional English teaching methods. Because teaching pedagogies primarily rely on teacher-centered methods, the absence of critical pedagogies during the teaching process results in an unproductive system. In nature, the current study used a per-test-post-test nonequivalent control group design.The study included experimental and control groups. The study's participants were chosen using a convenient sampling approach. The experimental group was given the treatment(the CIRC technique was used), whereas the control group was given traditional instruction. A pilot study was conducted to establish the test's content validity and item analysis. To test the hypotheses, descriptive (Mean, percentage) and inferential(independent and paired samples t-tests) statistics were used to evaluate the data. The study's findings were useful for instructors in establishing new teaching techniques to address the challenges in developing English reading and writing abilities, as well as the obstacles experienced by secondary school students in learning English.

This study investigates the role of inflation as a mediator between currency depreciation and economic growth in Pakistan from 1972 to 2016. Using the Ng-Parron unit root test, the stationarity of the variables is determined. The outcomes of Ng-Parron unit root tests indicate that all variables in the model exhibit mix-order integration. This paper also employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) to evaluate the relationship between currency depreciation, inflation, and economic expansion. The results show very clearly that the inflation rate does not play a role in the link between currency depreciation and economic growth in the case of Pakistan.

This paper examines the role of social connections on the career trajectory of Pakistani employees in local organisations. Scholarship (Syed,2016; Saher & Mayrhofer, 2014; Mangi et al., 2012; Saher, 2010;Chatterjee, 2007; Khilji, 2003; Budhwar, 2001; Lyon, 2000; Sparrow & Budhwar, 1997; Mendonca & Kanungo,1994) has already highlighted the significant impact of social connections on the professional growth of individuals in India and Pakistan. However, in response to the calls for contextualising HRM practices and research, this paper is developing a culturally specific framework to reveal pervasive practices of career progression in Pakistan. Qualitative research has been conducted to get in-depth data on the issue at hand. This paper will extend a rare insider's view and future research directions.

This quantitative study was designed to analyze the effects of teaching Islamiyat on students' character building at the elementary level. The proportionate sample of 817 elementary school teachers was drawn from the total population of Okara district elementary schools using random sampling.The tools' reliability was also tested using a pilot study and Cronbach's alpha on the pilot study's responses. Scale reliability was.88. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations), t-test and ANOVA to compare teachers' demographics, and regression to examine the effects of variables. The researcher used factor analysis to determine if the scale's items were gears of a common construct. The study found that most teachers agree that Islamiyat teaching is vital in developing students' character.

Students and teachers can use different ways to learn when their motivation is high, moderate, or low. The main objective of this descriptive study was to find out how high levels of motivation affect the performance of the prospective teacher. A survey method was used to gather data. Prospective teachers of the University of Punjab Lahore were included in the sample population .sample size was 560 prospective teachers. We used a questionnaire to find out about different ways to get people interested in learning. SPSS was used to look at the data. The results showed that a high level of motivation among future teachers was positively and significantly linked to all academic achievements and self-esteem, while a moderate level of motivation was also positively and significantly linked to other academic achievements. The results of this study may also persuade policymakers to take into account new motivational factors when hiring new teachers.

This study incorporates elements of myths and feministic beauty in inter-contextual structure in John Keats' poetry. This research is majorly concerned with the use of ancient Greek mythology and the elements of feminine beauty in Keats' mythological poetry. The study investigates Keats's search for truthfulness and beauty, his identification of love for poetry and his creation of his poetic genius with special reference to feminine beauty in his poetic works. The research is descriptive and qualitative in nature the framework is established by reviewing related poems and previous literature. Thus the data is generated from two main sources, the primary source which includes the selected poetry of John Keats and the secondary source which includes reviews of previous literary work. The Textual Analysis Method of Research is followed as the theoretical framework of Hellenism that comprehends a certificate for the conclusion of research problems.

The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is an inter-dependent multi-organizational justice sector comprising police, prosecution, courts, corrections and many other government agencies. These governmental institutions along with one private force in the shape of the defence lawyers; are primarily responsible for the administration of CJS. The imbalance among these institutions and separate working without meaningful coordination and cooperation to uphold justice are key elements for making CJS ineffective, inefficient, and expensive and even paralyzing it. An Appropriate balance among these institutions and joined up working to uphold justice are the key elements to make the CJS effective, efficient even inexpensive. No single organization can make the CJS effective and efficient. Synergy among the judiciary, prosecution, police and other inter-dependent agencies and authorities is necessary for making the CJS simpler, faster, cheaper and people-friendly. With the help of qualitative and analytical research methodology, this article explores the imbalances in the working of CJS and explains the need for joined working and alignment of the CJS as a way forward and practical solution for making CJS efficient, effective, simpler, faster, cheaper and people friendly.

The advent of technological advancement has affected everylifestyle and reshaped the concepts related to academic practices. As compared to conventional pedagogy, the new ways of easier communication through digital media devices especially Mobile Phones have offered diverse ways of learning for the students and provided the academicians with a multipurpose platform of sharing ideas, preparing lectures, conducting research and coordinating with the students. The study investigates how digital intervention in pedagogy has affected the learning environment in Pakistan`s academia with a student's perspective. For the purpose, drawing upon the theoretical perspective of Communicative Affordance, a sample of 600 students is surveyed.

This study is conducted to discover elements of injustice in contemporary society through the poetry of the Pashtun incredible and legendary poet Ghani Khan. The poetry of Ghani Khan depicts the elements of revolt, injustices, cruelty, and exploitation in his contemporary society. The social injustices, the enslavement of poor and deprived ones have been pointed out in his poetry. This research work is all about social injustice in contemporary society and the violation of human rights. Ghani Khan pass on a solid message in his poem ‘Badshahi’ that Allah is seeing all the creatures that how they are carrying out their obligations. The study prescribed a broader vision of modern society that running after this world is just like chasing after a shadow, you may get nothing. Individuals these days are running after luxuries and worldly wishes. But at the conclusion of the day this control, cash, and extravagances will get to be a revile for them.

This study aimed to utilize the cognitive subcategory of Bloom's taxonomy in analyzing chemistry tests administered to high school students from 2009 to 2013. The study aimed to investigate if the Peshawar Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) assessed students' cognitive abilities beyond memory. The study involved five experts who assessed the importance of the objectives of individual inquiries. The majority of participants in the study were high school sophomores who had completed chemistry exams within the past five years. The study's questionnaire underwent expert review to ensure the accurate allocation of points to each cognitive subcategory. The grades were computed based on a percentage scale. This study aimed to assess chemistry exam questions using a standardized set of criteria. The capacity for synthesis, application, comprehension, and knowledge acquisition.

This study uses a thematic approach to analyse engaged journalism projects. This research analyzed more than 50 cases covered and breaks down case studies from the past into three main categories which are; random acts of empowerment, content collaborations and facilitating conversations. Further categorization identified new strategies for community outreach practices.One of the findings is that about a quarter of the cases are not about engaged audiences in content creation but rather about engaging citizens. Engaged journalism can evolve society and this is being accepted by the media and its role as a community organizer. This changed concept will help journalists and media scholars to understand what they need to do when talking about engaged journalism.