01 Pages : 1-8
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).01 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).01 Published : Jun 2021Head of Family (Mashar) Sways Vote Choice in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a strong and well-organized social structure. Family is the basic unit of this social structure, which has a hierarchal structure. The head of the family (Mashar) has a significant position in a family in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Therefore, the head of the family (Mashar) influences the socio-economic and political decisions of the family members as well as the politico-socio attitudes. The study presents the impact of the head of the family (Mashar) on the vote choice of an individual. The results show that the head of the family (Mashar) has a strong stimulus to shape electorate vote choice on polling day. The study conducted in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The targeted population for the study was registered voters (Eighteen years or above male/female) of different National Assembly constituencies. A multi-stage probability sampling technique is used for data collection.
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Voting Behaviour, Vote, Family, Elections, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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(1) Hassan Shah
Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Bakhtiar Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Saif Ul Islam
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan.
02 Pages : 9-16
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).02 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).02 Published : Jun 2021A Critique of American Supremacist Politics in Cold War in Sorayya Khan's City of Spies
The present study investigates the representation of America in Anglophone Pakistani Literature with a special focus on Sorayya Khan's City of Spies with the assumption to trace some possible connection between American intervention and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the context of Pakistan's politics. Given the American intervention in Pakistani politics and its indelible impact on the domestic and international scenario had made the country a virtual battleground for the superpowers of the world. Khan's novel situates this conflict in the aftermath of the military coup of General Zia, followed by the Afghan war and (c)overt American alliance in it, which brought about serious implications for the Pakistani state. The story of the novel offers some pertinent extracts which deal, literally or metaphorically, with the role and representation of America in these geostrategic events. The article has used the critical cultural angle by investing the theoretical views of Ziauddin Sardar in terms of the Muslim world's apathy for America in the aftermath of cold war politics are used to get a better insight into the central problem by underscoring how this foreign policy of America has been responsible for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan.
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American Intervention, Islamic Fundamentalism, Cold War
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(1) Irfan Farid
MPhil, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Asma Aftab
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Zubair Iqbal
MPhil, Department of English, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Discovering the Impact of National Language use in L2 learning on the Proficiency of Learners
Discovering the impact of national language use in L2 learning on the proficiency of learners at degree level was the focus of this research; in order to find out a clear comprehension of the current subject matter, the research aimed at 577 learners who were learning English at graduation level in different public sector colleges and universities of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this study, the researcher used a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The data analysis was done using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 23. The researcher analyzed the data using descriptive analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-Test and Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the present research depicted that the students exhibited extremely positive and constructive perceptions regarding the use of national language in the second language classroom. The majority of the respondents gave preference using Urdu in specific situations for enhancing their proficiency in specific reasons such as while discussing course policies, learning about grammar and its usage in L2 classroom, attendance, and other administrative information.
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National Language, L2, Learners, University, College
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(1) Muhammad Ahsan
Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Saeed Nasir
Lecturer, Department of English, Emerson University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Noshaba Younus
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
Socio-Cultural Trauma and Gender Objectification in Haider's How It Happened: A Cultural Feminist Study
The research aims to pinpoint the socio-cultural suppressive crisis faced by the Pakistani women and tends to evaluate the standards through which Pakistani women are (mis)recognized through Shazaf Fatima Haider's How It Happened (2012). It focuses upon the internalized social norms regarding women's conduct to achieve perfection and a state of acceptability which have terrifyingly placed a question mark upon women's existence. Zeba, being the protagonist of How It Happened, undergoes anunnerving situation, being continuously displayed as an object for her marriage. Simone de Beauvoir's cultural feminist ideologies in her work, The Second Sex(1997), tend to deconstruct falsely existing cultural archetypes. She illustrates in her work the transformative stages of women's life beginning from the oppressive state towards the protesting state. Consequently, celebrating women's strength by acknowledging biological differences. Through the methodological application of a Textual analytical apparatus, this research tends to reverse the suppressive patriarchal patterns, bringing women from the periphery to the center, also providing a voice to silenced women entangled in the fabricated culture.
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Gender, Feminism, Pakistani Literature in English, Fiction
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(1) Nida Tabassum
Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Owais Ifzal
Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Hafizabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Ghulam Murtaza
Associate Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi
The study titled "Water conservation attitude of residents of Rawalpindi" was conducted in the Rawalpindi Cantonment Board (RCB) area of Rawalpindi. The current study used a Quantitative research design and cross-sectional in nature. A total of 399 sampled respondents were selected by the Random sampling technique, and responders were male and female residents of Rawalpindi. The aim of the current study was to explore the residents' attitudes to water conservation and their consumption practices. For intending to study and understanding the topic with theoretical perspective researcher used the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980). Reliability analysis was carried out on the entire variables and explored a Cronbach Alpha of (.721). Hypothesis testing of the study showed that a positive association exists between attitudes and behavior towards water conservation, and with higher education, people exhibit a positive attitude to water conservation behavior.
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Water Consumption, Consumption Habits and Practices, Water-Efficient Appliances, Attitude towards Water
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(1) Adeela Iftikhar
MS Scholar, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Neelam Farid
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Sadia Nawaz
Teaching Research Associate, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Neo-Orientalist Gambits in South Asian Global Game in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden
This study focuses on the great global game of chess of Neoimperialist played in South Asia. It explores that to fetch global capitalist designs, global forces have devised a global Neo-Orientalist game of chess in three perspectives, i.e. economic, cultural and political, for three-level players, i.e. great players, little players and domestic players. The economic ventures urge the need to divide the South Asian Muslims into good and bad categories through neo-orientalist cultural and political gambits, as is revealed from Nadeem Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013) that critiques the hegemony of Neo-imperialist global forces working purely for their global designs in the region. It exposes economic, political, cultural and strategic motives behind two basic goals: the establishment of neo-imperialism through the elimination of borders for neo-liberalist gains by homogenizing world culture; and the eradication of global terrorism for which war has already been launched there.
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Globalization, Great Game, Terrorism, War on Terror
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(1) Atta-ul-Mustafa
Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Amara Javed
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Woman University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Sahar Javaid
Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Impact of Advertising Appeals on Children's Well-being: Exploring the Moderating Role of Disposition
This research study aimed to examine the effect of advertisement appeals on the psychological well-being of children and assess the moderating role of disposition in the relationship of children's psychological well-being and advertisement appeals. The study was conducted by using primary data. Data was collected through the survey conducted in three-time lags from the children of age ranging from 8 to 12 years. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 578 children. For the selection of sample nonprobability, convenience sampling technique was employed, whereas descriptive and inferential statistical tools were utilized for the data analysis with the help of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) and analysis of moment structure (AMOS) version 23. Research findings showed that advertising appeals have a significant positive effect on the psychological well-being of children. Furthermore, disposition positively moderates the relationship between advertising appeals and the psychological well-being of the children.
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Emotional Appeals, Rational Appeals, Disposition, Time Lags and Children's Psychological Well-being
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(1) Shahid Mehmood
PhD Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Amir Gulzar
Professor, Department of Business Administration, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
New Continuum of High Volatile Currency Spillover During EU-BREXIT
In this study, the researchers observed the impact of Brexit on the Pound and its spillover to other European countries, likely to be affected during that period. The intraday high-frequency hourly return data of chief monies as Great Britain Pound (GBP), Euro (EUR), Danish Krone (DDK), Hungarian Forint (HUF), Turkish Lira (TRY), Swiss Franc (CHF), Swedish Krona (SEK), and Polish Zloty (PLN), for two months and one day, was utilized. The Intraday volatility spillover index approach and a further rolling window technique applied. The analysis of high-frequency data revealed that four currency pairs as TRY/USD, DKK/USD, PLN/USD, and HUF/USD, are highly volatile currencies. However, three pair currencies as GBP/USD, EUR/USD, and SEK/USD, are comparatively lesser volatile. The results and managerial implications reflect preparedness dynamics and proactiveness for a new continuum project that regional transmission effects of volatility spread from one currency to other currencies in the EU during Brexit.
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Brexit, Forex Market, Volatility Spillovers
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(1) Javed Satti
Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Zaheer Abbas
Assistant Professor/Head, Department of Accounting & Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Attitude of Prospective Teachers towards Research: A Survey Study of Different IER Programs
One of the essential variables in deciding our success in life is our attitude. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the attitude of male and female prospective teachers of different programs of Institution of Education and Research towards research. This study was quantitative and survey type in nature. The sample consisted of two hundred and forty students. A questionnaire "Attitude towards research" based on the Likert scale was administered for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics applied. It was observed that most prospective teachers agreed that research makes them uneasy, and they feel insecure. It is also revealed that prospective teachers agreed that they enjoyed research. A new way of teaching research methodology may be adopted, which would increase the motivational level and lessen the negative attitude of the prospective teachers towards research.
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Research Attitude, Prospective Teachers, human knowledge
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(1) Saghir Ahmad Ch.
Department of Education, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Ayesha Batool
Assistant Professor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Sayida Asma Dilshad
Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Joharabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
Philosophical Exploration of Absurdism and Existentialism: A Comparative Study of Kafka's Work The Metamorphosis and The Trial
The philosophical stance about the existence of being and the meaning of life has been a widely discussed subject among philosophers and critics. Existentialism says that a man can construct his own meaning of life by making judicious use of his awareness, free wills and personal responsibilities, but absurdism believes that there is no meaning of life out there. The focus of this study is to explore the absurdist and existential aspects in Kafka's fiction The Metamorphosis (1915) and The Trial (1925). This is qualitative comparative research, and the data which have been collected for this purpose is through purposive sampling techniques. In this study, Camus' theory of absurdism and theory of existentialism has been adopted as a theoretical framework. The study explores in what ways the traces of absurdism and existentialism are present in Kafka's fiction The Metamorphosis and The Trial. The findings show that characteristics of absurdism and existentialism are found in both the works of Kafka and are comparable with each other. For future recommendations, a comparative stylistic analysis of these selected novels can be carried out.
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Existentialism, Absurdism, The Metamorphosis, The Trial
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(1) Nausheen Rasheed
Research Scholar, Department of English, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Mamona Yasmin Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Shaheen Rasheed
Research Scholar, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Research & Development Practices Across Pakistan: An Evaluation Study on Affiliated Institutions
Higher education plays a vital role in developing the knowledge economy and producing skilled workers to empower human resources for the country. Like many other developing countries, Pakistan is struggling hard to improve the quality of higher education for sustainable development and participation in global progress. Since the last decade, Higher Education Commission Pakistan is committed to upgrading the quality of education, and for this purpose, HEC has designed Minimum Quality Standards (MQS) to assure quality for affiliated institutions. The main objective of the study was to evaluate R&D practices in affiliated institutions of Pakistan. The study was descriptive in nature, and a questionnaire based on Minimum Quality Standards was used to collect data from faculty members (n-168) of 28 affiliated institutions by using multistage sampling. The results indicated that affiliated colleges of two provinces, Punjab and Khyber Pohutukawa, were better in research and development practices than the institutions of Sindh and Baluchistan.
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Quality, Standards, Affiliated colleges, Research & Development
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(1) Allah Wasaya Babar
PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Shakir
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Afaf Manzoor
Assistant Professor, Department of Special Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Impact of Technology on Traditional Journalism in Pakistan
Technology has influenced every aspect of life. Journalism and communication industries have also widely adapted to it. Traditional journalism has been revolutionized altogether with the implication of technology. From news production to news distribution, everything has become abrupt and unobstructed. This study focuses on the impact of technology on traditional journalism in Pakistan. An in-depth interview method has been employed as a research method. Providing insight into the issue, main research objectives include (i) analyze the scope of technology in Pakistani Journalism, (ii) exploring technological literacy in Pakistani journalism and (iii) seeing the impact of technology on the production and dissemination of journalistic content in Pakistan. This study concluded that technology had altered the overall landscape of journalism in Pakistan. It has assisted journalistic practices in a considerably effective way. Although there are constructive effects of mobile journalism, the concerns over authenticity and credibility of the media content have also been raised in Pakistan.
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Technology, Traditional Journalism, Journalists, Authenticity of News
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(1) Faizan Ali
Assistant Professor/Head of Department, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, School of Media and Mass Communication, Beaconhouse National University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Qamar-uddin Zia Ghaznavi
Assistant Professor, School of Media and Mass Communication, Beaconhouse National University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Saima Khan
MPhil, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Critical Review on Test Match Format of Cricket
This study is a qualitative review of the test match format of Cricket; therefore, different websites and online articles were reviewed critically. The study motivation is to find out the reason(s) for the less viewership and business for the test format. Therefore, this study provides the critical analysis of three different cricket formats: test format, one-day format, and t-twenty format. The scope of this study is; Cricket provides business, entertainment, and promotion to the stakeholders. The audience does not like the test format as compared to the t-twenty and one-day match format because the test format requires more time than the other two formats. Moreover, it will prove helpful for researchers, and beginners, who have a great interest in Cricket
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Cricket Formats, Entertainment, Players, Coaches, Duckworth & Lewis (D/L) Method
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(1) Muhammad Waqas Farooq
MPhil Student, Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Mahwish Farooq
Senior Lecturer, Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Abdul Rauf
Assistant Manager Operations, Lahore Waste Management Company, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Political Communication With Social Media In Pakistan: Internal And External Efficacy
Political knowledge influences political behavior and political participation as the person who has sufficient political knowledge will contribute his part in political issues and get engage himself in political campaigns. Hence, a politically informed person put an impact upon others by sharing his views and information. Now a day social media has revolutionized the world due to its unlimited features, and it made it easier for everyone to spread the news and especially the political content. Different political parties use social media platforms to engage their voters and especially youth. This study suggests that social media plays a critical role for youngsters to disseminate information regarding politics and affects the internal and external efficacy of youth by the transmission of knowledge and political participation through social media.
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Political Participation, Social Media Usage, Internal Efficacy, External Efficacy
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(1) Hannan Khan Tareen
PhD Scholar/ Associate Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Malik Adnan
Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Pakistani Press Towards Religious Minorities
The study aims to explore the image of the media as portrayed in leading English Pakistani newspapers. The objectives of the study are to analyze the framing of news concerning the religious minorities in three national dailies of Pakistan to determine either the Pakistani press portrays the minorities image positively or negatively. Content analysis was performed on three leading English dailies, The Dawn, The News and Express Tribune, after random selection from January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2016. The front, back and editorial pages were the sample size of the study. The findings of the study showed that the media portrayed minorities in a positive manner; however, the newspapers focused more on controversial issues such as forced conversions, attacks on places of worship, violations of the right to freedom and other human rights. Softer issues such as Political and Economic Empowerment and Improved Legislation were not covered as frequently. The need of giving more space to the education and entertainment need of minorities and to inform the majority about the positive contributions of minorities has also been found out during the study.
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Pakistani Press, Religious Minorities, Press and Minorities, Press and Society, Minorities in Pakistan
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(1) Khalil Ahmad
PhD Scholar, School of Media and Mass Communication (SMC), Beaconhouse National University (BNU), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Wajiha Raza Rizvi
Associate Professor, School of Media and Mass Communication (SMC), Beaconhouse National University (BNU), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Film Adaptation of Saadat Hasan's Short Stories in Manto: A Postmodern Critique
The present study aims to analyze the process of the film adaptation with the help of a hermeneutic framework that covers the textual and contextual parameters. The current study builds affinities between adaptation, translation, and culture studies, junctures these theoretical aspects, and offers methodological and analytical tools for the study of the film adaptation. The model also provides a systematic analysis for the changes occurring in the process of adaptation (i.e., adaptation shifts) and interprets its socio-cultural bearings using a postmodernist lens. The study employs Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design to analyze and interpret the adaptation shifts in Manto. The results of the study look to be the nexus of forces that influence the adaptation process as a creative practice in the broader socio-cultural system and verify the interplay of adapter's re-interpretative, re-creative touch and social circumstances of a particular era
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Adaptation Shifts, Postmodernism, Manto, Pakistani Short Stories
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(1) Ghulam Maaz Jaan
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology Ringgold Standard Institution, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Hammad Mushtaq
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology Ringgold Standard Institution, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Amer Akhtar
Department of English, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Jain Temples and Tourism: A Case Study of Nagarparkar
Nagarparkar is one of the most important potential Abstract tourism destinations in Sindh, abundantly having natural and cultural resources to attract thousands of national and international tourists to satisfy their varying needs. The attraction of the area is Jain temples, denoting thousands of years old history of the area and architectural wonders as well. The current study is an attempt to highlight the potential of religious tourism in the area and how sustainable tourism may be introduced in the region to uplift the local economies using qualitative methodology.
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Nagarparkar, Jain Temples, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Potential
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(1) Tunveer Qureshi
Visiting Faculty, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Anas Mahmud Arif
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Adnan Anwar
Head/Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
The Influence of Parent-Teacher Meetings on Early Childhood Students' Academic Performance: Prospective Teachers' Perceptions
Parent-teacher meetings (PTM) play an integral role in a child's education. The importance of PTM is even more critical for Early childhood Education (ECE). ECE is not a novice concept in Pakistan; however, parents have only realized now that learning during early childhood goes beyond the walls of the classrooms and can only realize its full potential if parents are actively participating in their children's education. Therefore, PTM is the time when parents and teachers can collaborate to work for the education of the children. The current study explores the prospective teachers' perceptions of PTMs and their influence on ECE students' performance. The data were gathered from seven participants through an open-ended, semi-structured interview guide. The analysis concluded that prospective teachers had a good understanding of PTMs processes and generally had a positive attitude toward them. Prospective teachers also believed that PTMs positively influence students' academic performance.
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Prospective Teachers, Perceptions; Influence, Parent-Teacher Meeting, Students' Performance
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(1) Mahnoor Arshad
MPhil Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Yaar Muhammad
Assistant Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Naima Qureshi
Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Neo-Colonialist critique of Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Kincaid's A Small Place: A Comparative Postcolonial Study
With a specific focus on two different novels from different continents, the study analyzes the current American neocolonialist hegemonic behavior, which is causing developing countries to remain in a doldrum. The data is based upon the comparative analysis of selected textual paragraphs taken from Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Kincaid's A Small Place. Both Mohsin Hamid and Jamaica Kincaid assert that due to the American neo-colonialist regime, indigenous cultures of so many countries of the African and Asian continent have suffered a lot. Theoretical insights for this research have been drawn from Kwame Nkrumah's concept of neo-colonialism. Nkrumah defined neocolonialism as the exploitation of former colonial subjects by European conquerors for political, economic, cultural, ideological, and military gain. The research concludes that although with the inception of the United Nations Organization the colonialism has formally come to an end still the American neo-colonial supremacy is disturbing the people of once colonized countries through various economic, political, and ideological maneuverings.
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Hamid, Neo-Colonialist Critique, Reluctant Fundamentalist, Postcolonial Study, Kincaid
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(1) Arshad Nawaz
Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ahmad Ali
Lecturer English, Department of Natural Science and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Kalsoom Saddique
University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Role of Socio-Economic Resilience in Coping with Flood Vulnerabilities in District Charsadda
This quantitative study was conducted in the union council Agra of district Charsadda. Primary information was collected from the sample size of 150 male respondents. A conceptual framework consisting of the independent and dependent variables was cross-tabulated through the application of Chi-Square test statistics to ascertain the association between the two variables. The study revealed a significant association (P?0.05) of local community response with the statements such as poor families are more vulnerable to flooding; awareness about flood vulnerabilities; economic status reduces flood vulnerability; people buy cheap land for houses; people living on the river bank and side walls reduce flood vulnerabilities. The study recommends that government and local authorities should take responsibility for protecting the lives and properties of the people in flood-vulnerable areas through safety measures and make effective policies to measure the vulnerability and damage caused by floods among low-income families.
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Flood Vulnerability, Cheap Land, Economic Status, Side Walls
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(1) Muhammad Kaleem
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Jehan Zeb
PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Abdullah
Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
Socio-Cultural Causes of the Increasing Rate of Maternal Mortality in District Lodhran, Pakistan
This qualitative study conducted at District Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan adopted a constructivist approach with an aim to investigate the social-cultural factors accelerating maternal mortality. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews from 40 family members of deceased mothers and four focus group discussions, and the information for the secondary data pertaining to the victims of maternal death recorded in District Lodhran for the year 2016-17 was collected from the Health Department. The study concluded that there are various social and cultural practices, i.e. the practice of early marriages, repeated pregnancies with the wish of having a male child, treatment and living of pregnant women in the joint family system, and son’s preferences are the causative factors behind maternal mortality. The study recommends inculcation of awareness, especially among gestating women, regarding maternal health and associated factors, besides civil society’s measures for improvement and the government’s special attention towards the issue.
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Social Factors, Cultural Factors, Maternal Mortality, Early Marriages, Joint Family, Sonââ¬â¢s Preference, Large number of Pregnancies
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(1) Khalil ur Rehman Sikandar
PhD Scholar, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Niaz Muhammad
Chairman, Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Safdar Hussain
Regional Program Manager, Quaid-e-Azam Academy Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Concessional Debt and Growth in Services Sector of Pakistan
The current study aims to explore the relationship between concessional debt and the services sector growth of Pakistan. The annual time series data for the period 1972 to 2019 has been employed. To find out the stationarity and order of integration, the ADF testis utilized. For the long-run relationship, Johansen's co-integration methodology is employed. The empirical results of the study manifest that growth in the services sector is sensitive to concessional debt in the long run. All other explanatory variables also demonstrated a positive and significant effect on services sector growth. VECM method is applied for short-run analysis. The lag of concessional debt is also positive in the short run. A negative and statistically significant lag of error correction term (ECT-1) reasserts the long-run relationship between services sector growth and concessional debt along with other explanatory variables.
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Concessional Debt, Services Sector, Time Series, Pakistan
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(1) Muhammad Abdullah
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ayza Shoukat
Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Atif Ali Gill
Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan
Multi Analysis through Smart-PLS: Measuring of Organizational Performance Interplay
This study investigated the role of dynamic capability as a mediator between knowledge management practices(KMPs) and organizational performance. Smart-Pls was used to test the proposed hypotheses through structural equation modeling on gathered data of 400 SME organizations of Pakistan. The findings show that knowledge sharing behavior and absorptive capacity has a positive impact on dynamic capabilities and organizational performance. Innovative capacity has an insignificant impact on organizational performance, and knowledge-sharing behavior has an insignificant impact on organizational performance through dynamic capabilities. This study will be prospectively helpful for academics,policymakers, economists, and managers. This study enlightens the performance.
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Organizational Performance (EP), Dynamic Capabilities (DC), Absorptive Capacity (AC), Innovative Capacity (IC), Knowledge Sharing Behavior (KSB)
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(1) Syed Muhamad Basit Raza Bukhari
PhD, Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
(2) Tasawar Javed
Assistant Professor, Institute of Business, Management and Administrative Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Aemin Nasir
PhD, Management Science, School of Business Management, University Utara, Malaysia
The Impact of different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stock Markets in South Asian Countries
The crisis of COVID-19 comes with a calamitous economic stance. The South Asian countries experience their nastiest economic performance in the last four decenniums, and a moiety of the countries are falling into recession. This paper checks the impact of the first,second and third waves of COVID-19 outbreak on the stock market indices of all the South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, SriLanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan. The study has utilized the Event Study Methodology and results exhibit that COVID-19 decreases the mean returns of all the stock market indices and increases their volatility,which designates that Corona does influence all the stock markets of South Asia in decrementing their returns and incrementing volatility. Overall, the negative effect of the first wave of COVID-19 is not paramount across all the indices except the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), albeit its second wave did not affect any of the stock market indices significantly. In contrast,the third wave affects the stock markets indices of Pakistan (PSX) and Afghanistan (AFX).
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Stock Asian Countries, COVID-19, Abnormal Returns, Event Study
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(1) Muhammad Ishtiaq
Assistant Professor, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Aisha Imtiaz
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Hina Mushtaq
Ph.D Scholar, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
The Perceptions of Veterinary University Students towards Online English Learning Classes during COVID-19
Online learning has got penetration in the system of formal teaching-learning in covid-19 context. It has transformed the teaching methodology from traditional Physical classes to online classes due to the closure of educational institutes. The current study is significant as it aims to explore the perceptions of veterinary University students towards online classes using self-determination theory. The data were gatheredfrom150 above stated English learning students through a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The findings support that learning can happen within online classes, depending on the teacher’s methodology and strategies in online classes. The results are effective for higher education institutes in determining the level of motivation and perceptions respondents have while taking English courses online, which can be made interactive by developing outcome-based courses with the integration of technology to fit the needs of modern education in the post-Covid-19 world.
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Perceptions, Online, Physical, Interactive, Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Veterinary
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(1) Abdul Khaliq
Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Rasheed Ahmad
Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Noor Ul Ain
Lecturer, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology ( KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Managing Classroom: School Teacher's Perceptions about Techniques and their Effectiveness for Student's Learning
Managing classrooms is the central component of effective teaching and learning practices and, therefore, has always been the concern of teachers. The literature demonstrated that classroom management techniques are generally oriented either towards discipline or towards engaging students with learning. Teachers generally perceive classroom management techniques with an orientation either towards one or both, and these perceptions are likely to guide them about the way they manage their classrooms. In this context, the main intent of this research was to identify techniques that school teachers perceive as classroom management techniques (along with their orientation) and to examine the effectiveness of those techniques for supporting students’ learning. This research further examines gender differences among teachers related to these questions. This research used descriptive survey research design. The teachers in 190 elementary schools of district Dera Ghazi Khan served as population. Using cluster and stratified random sampling techniques, a sample of 406 elementary school teachers was selected. Of these 406teachers, 128 were female, and 278 were male. A questionnaire, adopted from Asiyai (2011), was employed as a research tool. The reliability of the tool was computed through Cronbach-Alpha coefficient, and validity was ensured by aligning items with research questions. It was found that teacher sightly believe that although both discipline- and engagement-oriented aspects of management can be perceived as classroom management techniques, both are also effective for students' learning
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Classroom Management, Discipline, Engagement, Learning, Teachers, School
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(1) Bashir Hussain
Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Asia Zulfqar
Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Tayyaba Batool Tahir
Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, ISCS, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Judicial Observations over the Doctrine of Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendment in Pakistan: A Critical Appraisal
The legal fraternity and some political parties around the country challenged the twenty-first constitutional amendment, enacted by the Parliament of Pakistan. The petitioners contended that the Legislature amended the basic features of the Pakistan Constitution beyond its scope of amending power and liable to be declared unconstitutional. However, some of the judges of the apex Court of Pakistan adopted the former judicial approach. They ruled that the apex court had no authority to annul any amendment when it became a formal part of 1973’sConstitution. The apex court further stated that the impugned amendment might be taken under consideration if it was found that the required constitutional procedure for amendment did not comply with it. This research aims to critically analyze observations of the apex court about examining the constitutional amendment on the yardstick of repugnancy with the basic features of the Constitution of Pakistan. For achieving the proposed objective, this study adopts a doctrinal research method. It carries out an in-depth analysis from the perspective of modern Constitutionalism,juristic literature, and judgments of the superior courts of various States to support the study.
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Amendment, Constitution, Pakistan, Judicial Review, Basic Structure, Supreme Court, Implicit Limitation
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(1) Muhammad Hassan
Visiting Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Amjad Hussain
Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Aas Muhammad
Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
State of Media Independence and Journalists' Struggle for Press Freedom in Faisalabad, Pakistan
This research paper presents an overview of the journalists' efforts for the maintenance of the fundamental right of Freedom of Press and Expression in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The current study also observed the role of media personals as a silent speed breaker against the powerful dictator of the time General Parvez Musharraf and his regimen the third-largest city of the Pakistan Faisalabad. The study explains the scenario of resistance in the journalistic community against Musharraf's draconian rule in the country, especially focused on the struggle of media personnel in Faisalabad, against Musharraf regime for the freedom of expression as well as freedom of media. The study assesses the scenario to break the political silence during the rule of a powerful military dictator in2002 as well as in 2007. This paper may be helpful to understand the struggle against the Musharraf regime by journalists in Faisalabad. The study resulted that journalists of Faisalabad broke the silence by opposing the dictatorship of the Musharraf regime and played a significant role as human rights defenders in 2002 and also at the time of promulgating the emergency in November 2007. The study is the outcome of the qualitative content analysis of media reports as well as in-depth interviews of the senior media professionals and the sound survey of the literature published on democracy, basic human rights, and freedom of expression and the media
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Media Independence, Fundamental Rights, Silent Breaker, Journalists, Human Rights Defenders, Musharraf Regime, Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Media
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(1) Irem Sultana
Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communications, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Hamid Yaseen Ahmed
Assistant Secretary, Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists, Pakistan
(3) Rao Shahid Mahmood
Assistant Professor Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
A Sociological Study to Investigate the Causes of Low Productivity in Agriculture Sector in Tehsil Jaranwala District Faisalabad
This research was conducted at Tehsil Jaranwala, District Faisalabad in 2019 with the aim to explore social and economic hurdles which were responsible for less level of yield productivity in the agriculture sector. The rural areas of Faisalabad containing agriculturall and were selected for the selection of the sample. The farmers with a small size of landholding were the target population of the present study. A multistage sampling technique was applied in the study, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed for the collection of data from 300respondents. At the first stage, Tehsil Jaranwala of District Faisalabad was selected. At the second stage, ten union councils were selected for the selection of the sample. At the third stage, a sample of 300 respondents (30from each union council) was selected. Chi-Square was applied to test the hypothesis. It is the need of the hour to explore the issues and hurdles which put a hindrance in production so that this sector may play a significant role in the development of Pakistan. The results of the study showed that lack of awareness, illiteracy, low standard of living, poverty and less usage of technology in agriculture, the decline in soil fertility, population pressure,lack of support services, water scarcity, and poor access to fertilizer were the serious issues and factors which were responsible in the way of agricultural development in Pakistan.
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Agriculture, Cropped Area, Landholding, Poverty, Jaranwala, Pakistan
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(1) Naubahar Khan
Visiting Lecturer, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Gul Fraz Mahmood
MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
A Comparative Analysis of the Student Motivation in Light of Glynn and Kobal-la (2006) Five Factors Model at a Higher level
It was a comparative analysis of students' motivation in light of Glynn and Kobal-la (2006) five factors model at a higher level. Objectives were to assess the level of students' motivation and differences in the students' motivation on the basis of gender/age/university.The population was 9615 students of public universities of Islamabad. By using a convenient sampling technique, 260 students were selected. The tool was developed by Mubeen and Reid (2014), in light of the G AND K model. The data was analyzed by using Cronbach alpha reliability, intersection correlation, t-test, and ANOVA. The majority of respondents were above Average level of motivation. A significant difference between male and female students related to all the factors of motivation, and females were found better than male students. However, age-wise, no significant difference was found related to motivation. Overall, Air University students were found better than other universities. It is recommended that teachers and management need to plan group work for students not only involved but also engage them in positive competitions. There is a need to develop a sense of responsibility. Teachers need to set achievable goals as well for students to encourage task completion
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Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Self Efficacy, Assessment Anxiety, Grade Motivation
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(1) Jamila Begum
Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Javeria Shabbir
Lecturer, Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Quratul Ain Hina
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Defence of Insanity: Its Scope and Application in English law
English Law of Insanity proceeds in making assessments of the legal wrongfulness of an accused by fitting the circumstances within four slots established in line with M’Naghten case.During this process, the judges’ role becomes more robust than the jury as technical and medico legal issues are beyond the grasp of lay jury members.So we offered a critical appraisal of the approach adopted in English Law to fit the psychological science' in legal moulds through vast discretion vested in judges to deal with the defense of insanity. For this purpose, the authors extracted various pieces of information from case laws, books, law commission reports, Acts, statutes, and research articles published related to the subject matter and developed a synthesis to reach a conclusion. Our findings suggest the trial judge decides the extent and types of evidence to be induced for resolving the issues in contention regarding insanity and to be decided by the jury. Some issues pertaining to insanity are too difficult for the trial judge to decide, which requires expert evidence. The application of defense of insanity rests with the evaluation to see whether the judge's discretion has proved a right mechanism to plug medico legal gaps in this process or not.
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Insanity- Mââ¬â¢Naghten Rules- English Law- Criminal Law
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(1) Muhammad Amjad Naeem
Department of Law, University of Northumbria, United Kingdom/Advocate High Court, Pakistan.
(2) Hamid Mukhtar
School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Kashif Mahmood Saqib
School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
YouTube Usage Motivation among Students: Uses and Gratification Analysis
YouTube grow into one of the potential commercialization platforms after the inception of the Internet. Users can decide the content of the video by subscribing to popular trends. This research also aims to examine the motivation behind YouTube usage among the young generation in Pakistan. The researchers employed a descriptive quantitative approach and gathered data from n= 105 respondents from young students. Results indicated that the YouTube watching pattern among the students of AIOU showed that students use YouTube to satisfy their cognitive needs and gratify their personal, effective, and social integrative needs. Students also use YouTube for tension release. The majority of the students of AIOU use YouTube to get extra information about the topic they want to prepare for their exams. The students use YouTube to clear their concepts about specific topics and courses. Thus, it is concluded that students watch an aspiring video on YouTube, and they not only get entertained and are also motivated by these videos. Further, the research has concluded and highlighted significant study limitations accordingly.
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YouTube, Social Media, Uses and Gratification Theory, Pakistan Videos
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(1) Saadia Anwar Pasha
Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Amina Rasheed
Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Sana Ali
MPhil Scholar, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Causality of Higher Education and Unemployment: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy
Higher education and unemployment is a substantial concern for developing countries and developed countries as well. To get the empirical evidence of the Pakistan economy, the present research is being carrying on. This study applies time series data in nature covering the period from 1985 to 2018. Assessing the long run association within the policy indicators and commuting the causality of higher education and unemployment, two different econometric techniques Johansen Co-integration and Granger Causality test is arrayed whereas the annual speed of adjustment is estimated when disequilibrium enters in the system through VECM model. The Johansen Co-integration’s test reports 5 co-integrating equations and error term reveals 3 Percent for higher education in first model which postulate speed of adjustment in case of disequilibrium. Whereas second model explains 4 co-integrated and VECM reflects The results presents that any disequilibrium transpires in short term, higher education enrollment and unemployment will be converging to equilibrium in the long run at the speed of 32 and 36 percent correspondingly. The Granger causality test’s findings imply that higher education does not affect the unemployment whereas unemployment is reported to be responsive towards higher education which means unemployed labor force again enroll for higher education to absorb capacity for new professional avenues by producing innovative and constructive ideas.
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Higher Education, Unemployment, Pakistan, Economy
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(1) Malik Saqib Ali
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Sohail
Lecturer, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Zahid Mehmood Akhtar
Lecturer, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Chronic Inter-play of Identity and Choice: A Zero-sum Competition in Shamsie's Home Fire
The issues of globalization and economic and social dependency have penetrated into modern postcolonial literature, especially in the literature of expatriate Pakistani writers. Home Fire explicitly covers the issue of zero-sum competition between the immigrants and the locals. The attitude of the Americans and the Britishersin the perspective of post 9\11 era highlighted this issue. The Zero-sum competition is situational and chronic. The major factor that constitutes this competition is the national identity. There are certain discursive events in the novel that propagate the fallacy of zero-sum competition. Zero-sum situations force Is ma to adopt the Other attitude towards her brother Pervaiz and sister Aneeka because of the (BIOPTIONAL CHOICE) two options of choice and future. Eamon gains choice and, after that, realizes and refuses the future. This study shows the zero-sum events as highlighted in the work Home Fire and analyzes the situational and chronic interplay of national identity, choice, and sense of future.
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Zero-Sum, Postcolonial, National Identity, Chronic, Creative and Productive Value
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(1) Farheen Akhtar Qadri
Lecturer, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Sajjad Hussain
Assistant Professor, Government College Vehari, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Muhammad Asaf Amir
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Panel Analysis of Asean's Intra-Regional Trade Dynamics
Countries have liberalized their trade policies to enhance economic integration and developmental processes. In this context, this research focuses on the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine impact of economy size, geographical distances, common language, cultural variations, common border, and trade agreements on the enhancement of trade, exports, and imports. This empirical study uses the gravity model to investigate the dynamics of the constructs. Panel data analysis is conducted from 1985 to 2015. Results show that the ASEAN region's economy size and distance significantly affect trade,exports, and imports. It is also concluded that ethnicity and regional trade agreements are effective in increasing total trade. In ASEAN, common border and regional trade agreements increase exports while common border, common language, ethnicity, and regional trade agreement are effective ways to promote imports. This study can be utilized for the formulation of effective policy tools to enhance intra-regional trade of ASEAN member states.
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Augmented Gravity Equation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), International Trade, Regional Trade Agreement.
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(1) Sarina Zainab Shirazi
Head of Department, Department of Social Sciences and Business Management, The Millennium Universal Colleges, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Usman Kemal
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Iqra University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan.
(3) Sabina Shirazi
Management Consultant OIRRC, CA, USA.
Relationship between Teachers' Classroom Management Practices and Academic Motivation
The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teachers' classroom management practices and academic motivation. An information questionnaire was used to observe the relationship between teachers' classroom management practices and academic motivation. The sample of the study consisted of 300 (public and private sector) elementary students. In order to analyze the relationship between the teacher's classroom management practices and academic motivation at elementary level school combined instrument was developed by the researcher for this study. Data was collected personally by the researcher. Percentage and frequencies were calculated. Major findings of the study contain that there is a high level of association between the teacher's classroom management practices and academic motivation at elementary level schools.
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Academic Motivation, Classroom Management, Instructional Technique
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(1) Rabia
M.Phil Scholar, Superior University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Aamir Hashmi
Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The Factors Responsible for Shaping the Parent's Attitude towards Bonded Child Labor
Child labor in general, and bonded child labor, is a major social challenge in developing economies like Pakistan,where people and government have meager resources. The present study is designed to combat the problem of bonded child labor in the carpet weaving occupation by investigating the economic, social, behavioral, and economic factors affecting the parent's attitude toward bonded child labor.A descriptive-analytical survey design was used. Data was collected from three districts of Punjab province. A total sample of 300 bonded child laborers' parents was selected through a convenience sampling procedure.An interview schedule was used. Data were analyzed by using percentages and frequency distribution for descriptive analysis. The multivariate analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. The parent's attitude towards bonded child labor has 55 Percent variation because of the predictor variables, including parents' age, income, attitude towards workplace,parents' occupation, type of family, children general mood, aggression,children picking power, accompanied with their siblings, behavior with elder and availability of treatment facilities. Children picking ability availability of health care facilities are non-significant predictors in shaping the parent's attitude towards child labor. It can be concluded the parents' socio-economic status and children's behavior are the main reasons for shaping parents' attitudes towards child labor.
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Bonded, Child Labor, Attitude
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(1) Kaneez Fatima
PhD Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Izhar Ahmad Khan
Associate Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Naveed Farah
Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Exercising Metaphoric Impact on Advertisements: An Ecolinguistic Appraisal
Metaphors may produce desired sensations because of figurative metaphoric connections, and they can speed up the processing of complicated or abstract material. As a result, a growing body of advertising research has focused on this topic in recent decades.This study provides a review of metaphoric research in the marketing literature, explains why metaphoric advertising is important for achieving key advertising objectives and points out critical research gaps in the existing literature. Marketers often use metaphors in their persuasive discussions with customers, and they suggest that a product, brand, service, or company propagate a distinct concept. Marketers accomplish a variety of goals,including gaining customers' attention, engraving imagery, highlighting comparisons, suggesting a bond between an idea and product, explaining a complicated or technical product, and affecting the opinions and thoughts of consumers. Advertisers would benefit from understanding how people process metaphors, if consumers understand metaphors employed in marketing.
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Ecolinguistics, Advertisements, Metaphors, Imagery, Symbols
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(1) Muhammad Farooq Alam
PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Zafar Ullah
Department of English, Virtual University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Muhammad Awais Madni
Research Assistant
Do the Investment Distortions Affect the Performance of Non-financial Firms of Pakistan?
The investment decisions are very important for investors as it directly affects the firm's future profitability and shareholder's wealth. Firm managers are involved in making inefficient investment decisions in imperfect capital markets. This study aims to examine how the inefficient investment decisions influence the firm performance after controlling for the financial factors. The two steps System Generalized method of moments is used to examine the impact of investment distortion on firm performance. The empirical analysis is based on unbalanced annual panel data set of a sample of 324 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period 2015 to 2017. The results show that investment distortion is negatively affecting the performance of non-financial firms in Pakistan; irrespective of the proxy used to measure the firm performance. These results support the information asymmetry theory and agency theory, which explains why managers are involved in making sub-optimal investment decisions at the cost of shareholders' wealth and why their inefficient investment decisions can damage the value of the firm.
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Agency Theory, Information Asymmetry, Investment Distortions, Performance
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(1) Sameen Aftab
Lecturer, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Faisal Rizwan
Associate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Abdul Rashid
Professor, International Institute of Islamic Economics (IIIE), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Conversational Dominance in Mix Gendered Pakistani Political TV Talk Shows
Cooperation in conversation is managed by all participants through turn-taking. In most cultures, generally speaking,only one person speaks at a time. It is generally believed that women are subjected to interruptions and overlapping more in cross-sex conversations.This research has been carried out by using mixed method approach where both conversational analysis and content analysis have been used to prove that the female gender overlaps more in Pakistani political talk shows and it has also been exposed how the cultural advantage of "being a woman" is exploited by the female speakers. For this, two episodes of a famous political talk show, "On the Front," have been studied. This study proves how the female speakers have successfully used power and cultural advantage of being a woman through excessive use of interruptions, which resulted in their dominance in the conversation, preventing male members from taking their turn.
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Turn Taking, Conversational Dominance, Power, Interruption, Overlapping
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(1) Madiha Shams
M.Phil, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Shamim Ara Shams
Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics & Literature, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
(3) Ubaidullah Khan
Lecturer, Department of English, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
An Overview of Arthur Miller's Play All My Sons and Locating Aspects Concerning Capitalist Failure
This paper aims at exploring the mentality of the people which was shaped by the capitalist doctrine and how this mental state led the characters to take reckless and unethical decisions. The Marxist analysis is used to unravel multiple motivations and reasons behind those decisions, so basically, this study owes a debt to Karl Marx's class struggle and identification. The attitudes of the people are observed and looked at carefully through the Marxist lens, and the impact and failure of capitalism are identified. This research is organized on the basis of sharp textual and interpretative analysis of the text All My Sons by Arthur Miller under the umbrella of qualitative research method and the curious quest of the research questions besides the objectives to be explored under the lens of Marxist concepts; Class Conflict, Oppression, Exploitation and Commodification. The paper reveals how class conflict leads to the oppression of the masses.
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Capitalism, Marxism, Individualism, Oppression, Class Conflict, Class Consciousness, Social Status
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(1) Farooq Shah
Lecturer in English Literature, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Altaf
Subject Specialist In English, Elementary And Secondary Education Department, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Saddam Ul Islam
M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
Car Parking Study of Hyderabad City, Sindh, Pakistan
We accept as true with any talk about stopping needs to start with a study of present stopping use.Regardless of whether your problem is parking in the city middle or on the other hand, how a great deal stopping expecting another development, you need to understand have a great deal stopping is as of now reachable and how is it used. Parking spots must normally be a piece of any study and any arrangements. Numerous straightforward tallies can be performed by the neighbourhood workforce or on the other hand, adjacent volunteers with insignificant preparation. The instruction under is meant exceptionally for the neighbourhood team of workers and neighbourhood volunteers in structuring and doing your survey, or for the neighbourhood team of supervising revising planned information assortment suggestions as a portion of the different permit methods.
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Car Parking, Hyderabad, City Centre, Traffic
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(1) Mehnaz Soomro
Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Hina Marvi
Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
(3) Rabia Khaskheli
Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Thanatophobia and Psychological Distress among Health Care Workers during COVID-19
The Outbreak of COVID-19 has caused distress all around the world. The healthcare professionals significant risk of transmitting coronavirus to others. This research determines the predictive effects of thanatophobia on psychological distress among healthcare workers during COVID-19. The demographic differences were related to age, gender, job title, and year of experience examined in the study variables. The data were collected on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale from doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff in different hospitals of District Haripur, KPK Pakistan via a convenient sampling technique. Findings showed that thanatophobia predicted a 33.5% increase in psychological distress. Women and doctors were more phobic and distressed than men, nurses, and paramedical staff. The older workers with more job experience had high thanatophobia and low psychological distress than their counterparts. The study’s limitations and recommendations are discussed.
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Covid-19, Death Anxiety, Distress, Healthcare, Year of Experience
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(1) Najia Zulfiqar
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Alveera Habib
Undergraduate Student, Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan
(3) Muhammad Hassan
Graduate Student, Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan.
A Comparative Analysis of Administrative Problems and Job Performance: From Government College Principals and Faculty Members' Perspective
The study aimed to compare the views of college principals and teachers regarding the various administrative problems faced by principals and how these problems affect their job. By using stratified random sampling technique 28 college principals and 140 faculty members were randomly selected from the six districts. A self-made validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The Cronbach’s alpha values for administrative problems and job performanc were 0.73 and 0.85 respectively. Study results showed that both the parties have similar perceptions about the administrative problems and job performance of college principals. Both respondents agreed that due to massive administrative problems, college principals may not be able to achieve vision and mission of the college. It was recommended that providing capacity building and continuous professional development opportunities may be worthwhile strategies for improving the administrative roles of principals.
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Comparison, Administrative Problems, Job Performance, College Principal, Faculty Member, Professional Development
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(1) Sami ul Haq
M. Phil Scholar, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Iqbal Amin Khan
Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Farid Ullah Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.