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http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).01 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).01 Published : Dec 2020Bilingual Identity of Pashtoon Immigrants: Insights from Lahore
The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech community constructs their bilingual identity in the multicultural settings of Lahore. The participants for the research were selected through purposive sampling technique. The data of the study was collected via interviews from 10 adults of Pashto speech community, who have been living in Lahore for more than five years. The study is based on the philosophy of Spolsky's (2004) Language Policy Framework, which considers language practices, beliefs and management as different ways of constructing identities. The nature of the data is descriptive and qualitative, and thematic analysis was used while the data coding was performed through Atlas.ti software. The findings revealed that the Pashto speakers use their first language (Pashto) in their home environment to maintain their language, identity and culture while using Urdu and English outside their home domain at their workplaces.
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Bilingual, Identity, Language Practices, Language Belief, Language Management, Multicultural
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(1) Amina Khalid
Lecturer, Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Arshad Ali Khan
Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Studying the Impact of Critical Issues on Islamic Education
This paper discusses Islam and education with reference to academic concepts of the education. It is very difficult task to build Islamic education in the non-Muslims countries, because non-Muslims have different traditions, cultural, political, and also in education. But we define some important issues in education. First; improving the public awareness in the Islamic schools where they cannot be good and lack the trust between Muslim and non-Muslim communities. So how we can improve the public awareness of Islamic schools and how we can enhance the trust of society. The second; financial permanence - in this issue, we improve the quality of education through sufficient income. The third issue in Islamic education is qualified teachers. How to improve Islamic education, train our students, and how to attract them towards Islamic education. The fourth; building the effective boards. They work as a backbone of Islamic education. The fifth one is of curriculum.
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Islamic Education, Curriculum, Awareness, Financial Permanence, Media
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(1) Asia Khatoon
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Rameez Ali Mahesar
MPhil Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan.
(3) Asif Ali Raza
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies and Arabic, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Multiliteracies and Multilingual Literacies of Young Children: A Study of Linguistic and Social Identities
Pakistan is a multilingual community where individuals communicate in more than one language for everyday communication. Literacy practices of young children in schools reflect the literacy practices of the broader social community. Same is the case with the use of literacy practices at homes. The data is collected by answering questions in questionnaires that are answered by the parents. The collected data is from three different social strata of society. The current study analyzes the literacy practices of young children at homes and the way they are associated with the broader social and cultural context. This includes the linguistic and literacy practices of young children during their playtime, their interaction with the members of the family and their exposure to the media and technology. These multilingual literacy practices that are practised at the homes constitute the social and linguistic identity of the individuals in the long run.
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Multilingual Literacy Practices, Home, Young Children, Identity.
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(1) Ambreen Javed
PhD Scholar, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Sarwet Rasul
Associate Professor / Chairperson, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
The Relationship of Child Protection Rights Observance with the Students' Level of Satisfaction at Secondary School Level
The aim of this quantitative descriptive study was to investigate the "relationship of child protection rights observance with the students' level of satisfaction at secondary school level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa". School management and students at the public sector secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the populations of the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 320 principals, 640 teachers and 3200 students from 320 randomly selected secondary schools. Three satisfaction scales of five-point Likert type options were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using percentage, chi-square (?2), and Pearson values. School management showed a significant relationship between child protection rights observance and the level of satisfaction of students. Observance of the fundamentals of child rights played a pivotal role in making sure the child protection rights. Students' mutual interaction did not impede the instructional activities of the school management through a significant number of the sample considered teaching as a hectic job.
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Child Rights, Education Management, Protection Rights, Students' Satisfaction
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(1) Khalid Rehman Khan
Ph.D Scholar, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Habib Elahi Sahibzada
Associate Professor, Department of Education, Hazara University Mansehra KP, Pakistan.
(3) Manzoor Hussain Shah
Chairman, Department of Education, Hazara University Mansehra KP, Pakistan.
Inclusive Growth Measurement Under Different Political Regimes of Pakistan
Existing literature focuses on the determinants and ways to enhance economic growth. This, however, neglects the growth benefit to society. Distribution aspect of economic growth is ignored in the previous decades. As a result, the world cannot enjoy the benefits of economic growth. In this paper inclusive growth index (IGI) is used which is constructed by the Asian Development Bank, 2011 to investigate whether the economic growth in Pakistan creates opportunities for the entire population on an equal basis and how political regimes affect the inclusive growth. Performance of the sixteen indicators of inclusive growth index is assessed over the period of 1978-2014, under two Democratic and two dictators' regimes. The result of the study shows that inclusive growth in Pakistan is low. However, the trend of inclusive growth in Pakistan is positive. Inclusive growth can be increase by increase the pace of economic growth besides democratic culture.
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Inclusive Growth, Economic Growth, Political Economy, Political regimes, Democracy, Dictatorship.
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(1) Muhammad Masood Anwar
PhD Scholar, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
(2) Aftab Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Ghulam Yahya Khan
Assistant Professor, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
Depiction of Kashmir in Media: A Corpus Assisted Study of Pakistani and Indian Newspapers
This work deals with the use of adjectives in the depiction of Kashmir in Pakistani and Indian Newspapers. This study investigates the differences between Pakistani and Indian media with reference to the representation of the issue of Kashmir. For this purpose, a corpus of newspaper editorial articles from both Pakistani and Indian newspapers was compiled. The data was tagged with help of AntTag and was analyzed using AntConc software to see the differences between Pakistani and Indian newspapers with reference to the representation of Kashmir. The findings suggest that there is a lot of differences between Pakistani and Indian media with reference to the use of adjectives for the depiction of Kashmir. The findings also suggest that the depiction of Kashmir in both newspapers is biased and subjective.
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Corpus Linguistics, Indian Media, Pakistani Media, Analysis of Adjectives, Kashmir Issue
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(1) Athar Rashid
Assistant professor, Department of Governance & Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Arshad Ali
Assistant professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Ameer Sultan
Lecturer, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Black Bodies White Culture: A Black Feminist [Re]Construction of Race and Gender in Morrison's Paradise
'This article intends to explore and expose through the analysis of Morrison's Paradise how the Afro American female writers [re]construct the potential of Afro American ecriture feminine to seek the true freedom and empowerment of black women by appealing them to 'write-through bodies'. To achieve this purpose, this article articulates its theoretical agenda, through the exploration of the work of the outstanding, widely acknowledged award-winning, English speaking Afro American female writer: Toni Morrison. Though it aims to highlight the significance and contribution of the Afro American female novelists towards broadening the frontiers of 'ecriture feminine', it does not aim to offer the generalized history of women writing in Afro American literature. It seeks to propose alternative ways of informed analysis, grounded in discourse and Feminist theories, to evaluate Toni Morrison's contribution to 'ecriture feminine'.
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Race, Gender, Culture, Black Feminism, Morrison.
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(1) Mumtaz Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Fatima Saleem
Lecturer, Debarment of English, National University of Modern Languages, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Ali Usman Saleem
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
An Exploration of Undergraduates Writing Motivational Strategies
The development of SRL strategies is an important challenge for teachers and learners in the context of academic writing. In addition, research in the essential field of academic writing is lacking, which adheres to traditional teaching methods and techniques for language teaching. The current study tends to fill the gap by exploring the undergraduates writing motivational strategies and gender differences. This project aims to analyze the contextual factors, including the cultural impact of their choice of techniques used in English writing tasks. Data was collected via self-reported questionnaires on motivational writing strategies (Teng & Zhang, 2015). The results revealed mixed findings in the use of motivational writing strategies and gender disparities concerning motivational techniques.
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Motivational Strategies, Writing Strategies, Academic Writing
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(1) Samreen Zaheer
PhD. Scholar, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Wasima Shehzad
Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan.
An Analysis of the Problems in Learning English Words through Words Formation Processes by Undergraduate Students at Hazara University
The present study analyzes the problems in learning English words through words formation processes by undergraduate students. The instrument of the test was used to collect data from one hundred seventeen undergraduate students selected through non-random convenient sampling. The findings of the study suggest that students had not acquired most of the English words through word-formation processes. The words formed through conversion, backformation, compounding and acronym were acquired less in number by students than the blending and abbreviation. The results show that undergraduate students had no significant difficulty in learning English common suffixes deriving English words as compared to the non-common ones. The common, occurring prefixes and suffixes forming new words were both difficult, but the suffixes were a bit more difficult than prefixes, while the non-common occurring prefixes and suffixes forming new words were both equally difficult for students. The idiomaticity of the words makes them difficult to learn.
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Analysis, Problems, Words Formation, Conversion, Backformation, Blending, Prefixes, Suffixes, Acronyms.
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(1) Muhammad Babar
MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Ghani Rahman
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Sadia Ashraf
Lecturer, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Rereading The Clash of Civilizations in Tariq Alis Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree
This article reflects Tariq Ali's efforts to understand the reality of the myth of 'the clash of civilizations' as a socio-materialist scientist to metabolize compellingly inter-connected dimensions of historical 'reality'. The deconstruction of the historic reality provides us with a new prism to view the world from different perspectives, looking at new directions in the politico-historic enterprise. West has had a long tradition of misinterpreting the Crusades as holy wars were meant for the glorification of Christian divine faith, and they have become a metaphor for blessing humanity with West's superior moral values against the 'horror' of Islam. Western academia has been promoting this deceptive view of two 'incommensurable' civilizations. Huntington stretches this view to develop his philosophy of 'the clash of civilizations'. Tariq Ali is a Marxist socialist who interprets the Spanish history and rewrites the history of the Muslims' relationship and the Christians from a materialist perspective to disprove Huntington's thesis that Islam and Christianity are inherently incompatible for peaceful coexistence because of their totalizing teleological claims. Ali's Islam Quintet, a sequence of five novels, exposes the imperialist agenda behind the clash theory. This article analyzes Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree, the first novel of Ali's Islam Quintet, to evaluate Ali's critique of the clash of civilizations.
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Islam, Christianity, Crusades, Judaism, Clash of Civilizations
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(1)
(3) Mazhar Hayat
Professor, Department of English Literature, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Influence of Playing Venue on Testosterone and Cortisol Responses in Male Inter-University Volleyball Players
The present study aimed to examine the effect of playing venue on testosterone and cortisol responses in male volleyball players. Ninety-six players from eight different public and private universities were monitored during eight competitive matches playing against each other on a home and opponent's home ground. The matches played at home were also won. Testosterone (ng/mL) and cortisol (ug/dL) levels were analyzed before and after each match. A significantly (p 0.0001) pre-match reduction was seen in the testosterone level of players on the opponent's home ground as evidence which indicates that playing venue affects the players' behavior even they did not play the match. Whereas, significantly (p 0.0001) higher pre-match cortisol level of players was observed on an opponent's home ground before the commencement of the match. The present study concluded that playing venue strongly influenced the players' hormonal responses, and they perceive more stress while playing on the opponent's ground.
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Volleyball, Player, Testosterone, Cortisol, Playing Venue
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(1) Yasmeen Tabassum
PhD Scholar, Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt
Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Nabila Roohi
Professor, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Shift in Style with the Shift of Gender: Exploring Gender Based Style Differences in ESL Writing.
The present study examines the difference in ESL academic writing of boys' and girls' in their written assignments. It aims at exploring differences in ESL writing based on the variable of gender. The data site for this study was a Diploma class at the Department of English FC, NUML Islamabad, where it was collected from 24 participants, i.e., 12 boys and 12 girls, who were asked to write an essay. The conceptual framework of Swan (1992) underpins the present study. The data were analyzed through a qualitative and quantitative method. The study found that the subtopics highlighted in their writings were different and approached variedly. The study also showed that the girls' writings are more reflective and subjective, and they made use of personal pronouns more often, whereas boys prefer being objective and used a third-person pronoun. Also, their writings were more fact and figure based, which was absent in the essays written by girls.
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Gender, ESL Writing Style, Essay, Pronouns
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(1) Shazia Ayyaz
University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Saleha Bazai
Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's Univeristy, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
(3) Fouzia Rehman Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's Univeristy, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Nostalgic Impact on Characterization in the "Reluctant Fundamentalist" by Mohsin Hamid
This paper aims at investigating the nostalgic impact on the characters in The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid. Nostalgia is regarded as the state of homesick or a mental sentimentality for one's past. Everyone is more or less nostalgic, and nostalgia plays a vital role in the lives and experiences of individuals in daily life. The present study is a qualitative and descriptive textual analysis. The Reluctant Fundamentalist has been examined by analyzing the words, sentences, characters and their actions from the nostalgic point of view. This study has investigated the nostalgic impact on the characters, especially on Changez and Erica, through the lens of nostalgia by focusing on their personalities, works, social lives, actions and reactions. This study has found that nostalgia influences and molds the lives and experiences of characters and individuals to an extensive extent. Changes and Erica spoil their lives but are not ready to come out of their nostalgic worlds. The Reluctant Fundamentalist has been analyzed and interpreted through different dimensions, but no one has discussed it from a nostalgia point of view before. So, this paper is a primary investigation and would surely contribute to the present stock of knowledge.
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Nostalgia, Reluctant Fundamentalist, Changes, Erica
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(1) Ishtiaq Ahmad
Qurtuba University of Sciences and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Abdus Samad
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Shakil ur Rehman
Department of English, Qurtuba University of Sciences and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Introducing Self-Assessment for Evaluating Learners in Pakistan
This study deals with the positive backwash effect of self-assessment on Second Language Learners in Pakistan. The hypothesis of this study is self-assessment will positively improve learners' performance. Therefore, small scale experimental research was conducted with fifty undergraduates of a public sector university. They were asked to write essays; those were also assessed by students themselves and also cross-checked by their language teacher. The 'Assessment Rubric of Punjab University for BS-level' was a research tool. Afterwards, all results were statistically analyzed in SPSS, i.e., dependent t-test. The results conclude the improvement in self-assessment to highlight the needs and demands for taking bold steps in traditional evaluation criteria that would ultimately become the cause for students' active participation and self-learning.
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Self-assessment, BS-rubric, Assessment
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(1) Mahwish Farooq
Department of English, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Khalid Ahmed
Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Sahirish Farooq
Department of Education, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
An Experimental Study Regarding Impact of 7E's Instructional Model Based Instructions upon Student's Attitude towards Physical Education Subject at Higher Secondary School Level
Constructivism means the realization of knowledge in mind and believes that students should construct knowledge rather than gaining it. Students should allow observing, manipulating, hypothesizing, experiencing to generate result knowledge rather than feeding. Impact of instructions based on 7E's instructional model upon student's attitude towards Physical Education and its comparison between the experimental and controlled group at both pre and post-test phase was checked by using statistical package for social sciences version (24.0). It was yielded that an instructional method using 7E's instructional model has a significant positive impact on a student's attitude towards physical education subject. The experimental group show a more positive response as compared to the controlled group.
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Student's Attitude, Physical Education, Higher Secondary School Level, 7E's Instructional Model
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(1) Faheemullah Khan
Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Syed Zia-Ul- Islam
Chairman, Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Faisal Islam
Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan.
Balancing and Rebalancing of Judicial Autonomy: a Critical Analysis of Basic Structure Theory
With its restoration in March 2009, the judiciary exceptionally emerged as an independent state organ and sought autonomy from parliament, which embarked on another avenue of confrontation between these two organs. Considering past experience, parliament was committed to imposing modest restraints on the judiciary and ensured its representation in the process of judicial appointments to the Superior Courts in the form of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, which the court considered as an attack on its autonomy. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this research aimed to investigate the post-2009 judicial-legislative transition, which apparently started up with their confrontation and imbalance between these organs. Both state organs are striving to identify their constitutional bounds, which will ultimately lead to equilibrium between these organs.
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Judicial Autonomy, 18th Amendment, 19th Amendment, Constitution, Basic Structure Theory.
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(1) Bakht Munir
Lecturer, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Um e Noreen
Lecturer, College of Law, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Role of Personality and Psychological Attributes of Financial Managers in Capital Budgeting Decisions: Case of Spinning Industry of Pakistan
The current study aims to investigate the role of personality and psychological attributes of finance managers in the success of their capital budgeting decisions in the industrial sector of Pakistan. For said purpose, we employ a sequential explanatory mixed-method research design. First, the MBTI scale is used to explore the personality traits of the managers working in spinning firms. Then based on the result of the MBTI scale, ten financial managers were selected for semi-structured interviews. NVIVO 11 was used to perform qualitative data analysis. It is established from the results of thematic analysis; the commander is the most effective personality trait of managers for the successful capital budgeting decisions followed by executive, defender, virtuoso, and logistician. Further, the present study also establishes a significant connection between the personality traits of successful managers and their Psychological attributes.
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Personality and Psychological Attributes of Managers, Capital Budgeting Decisions and Sequential Mixed Method Research
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(1) Nisar Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Bilal Nafees
Lecturer, Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Safyan Majid
Lecturer, Department of Commerce and Finance, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.