Gendered language not only focuses on what is said but also includes how to express that thought. This paper attempts to investigate the differences between the speech style of men and women. Data of ten passages have been collected from the novel "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E L James and analyzed qualitatively by using Deborah Tannen's Difference approach. The results of this study show that there are notable differences that distinguish men's communication pattern from women because of different established norms and culture of that society. Moreover, this study can be helpful to bridge the communication gulf between the two genders. Furthermore, this study can reveal to maintain a healthy atmosphere and raises awareness in society by understanding their different style of utterances. In addition, it also proves very helpful for the language teachers teaching to teach the learners according to their culture.

Telemedicine is well-positioned in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to revolutionize wellbeing care due, in portion to expending portable phone get to and web network. This paper assesses the basic components that can potentially facilitate or ruin the advanced wellbeing in Pakistan. The objective of this thing is to recognize the current computerized wellbeing ventures and considers being carried out in Pakistan, as well as the key partners included in these activities. We conclude that whereas telemedicine features a promising future in Pakistan, it is still in its earliest stage at the time of this study. In any case, due to the COVID-19 widespread, there's an increment in requests for digital health and execution of health outcome taking after worldwide social removing conventions, particularly in LMICs. And extend the digital health segment for the improvement of telemedicine frameworks in our country.

This study explores the shattered Pakistani nationalism in Nadeem Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013) in the context of the post-9/11 invading military globalism and reactionary social globalism. Focusing on Nadeem Aslam's hallmark work, 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013), this article not only explores the current foundationless nationalism of Pakistan as the byproduct of undue chauvinism instead of being the outcome of its real ideology but also stresses the need for renewal of ideological boundaries of Pakistan in the light of current sweeping effects of thick globalism. Being a diaspora and much influenced by the secularity of the host society, Aslam seems to be desirous of featuring the nationalist inscription of home society in accordance with the global world, as is revealed from the roles played by his characters like Mikal etc. in the novel. The study motivates us to revisit the national myths with an aim to devise the marks of nationalism, provided if we are to rehabilitate our national identity.

The current study aims to examine the influence of bundles of development and maintenance HR practices on employee's behavior of work engagement through learning goal orientation. The sample size of the study was 370. Data were collected from different Pakistan oil refineries through a self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed through covariance-based SEM by using AMOS. Findings of the study confirmed the proposed study associations and revealed that both development and maintenance HR practices are positively and significantly associated with employee's behavior of work engagement and learning goal orientation partially mediates between the association of bundles of HR practices (development and maintenance) and work engagement. The authors contribute to the stream of knowledge by explicating the overall additive impact of segregated bundles of the development and maintenance of HR practices on work engagement through mediating effect of learning goal orientation between HR bundles and work engagement. Present study forwards implications for both theory and practice

Novice-expert school teachers' conflicts and support significantly contribute to the working relationship, teaching performance and retention. The present study aims to phenomenologically analyze novice-expert school teachers' experiences of mutual support and conflicts and how it helps their professional development. Seven expert and seven novice teachers were purposively selected from private and public schools from a district located in Punjab, Pakistan, who were interviewed to gain an insight into the phenomenon. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed employing thematic analysis guided by the selected qualitative approach. It was revealed from the themes and sub-themes that novice teachers get support from the expert teachers, and they developed self-confidence and techniques to manage a classroom, solve students' problems and adjust themselves in the school successfully. The study implies that the conflicts between novice and experienced teachers can be resolved through promoting mutual understanding, cooperation, and communication.

This article, evaluating the usefulness and applicability of the ecofeminist tenets upon the environmental fiction of Erdrich and Morrison, creates a new understanding of the preservation of the environment for engendering a more egalitarian relationship between humanity and nature. It presents the critique of the ways Toni Morrison and Louise Erdrich engage with the environmental themes and motifs using the historical connections of their communities with nature as a reference point via eco-performative texts. The overall scheme of the article, therefore, denies the anthropocentric approach upheld by the Euro-American world towards the environment and glorifies the biocentric approach revered and celebrated by the Native American and AfroAmerican lifestyle, emphasizing that in the cosmic scheme of nature, not just humans but non-humans, nature and environment are equal partners. The study concludes that Morrison and Erdrich have stressed in their fiction the ecocritical recognition of the inevitable interdependence of man and nature. Their fiction asserts that considering environmental issues to be human issues can positively affect the human attitude towards nature/environment.

This article descriptively unfolds the socio-academic perceptions of white-collar parents about the superiority of English medium over Urdu medium schools. An opinionnaire containing twenty-five opinion items was administered to fifty parents who send their wards to popularly known as English medium schools. The results of the study show that the majority of parents are fearful about the socio- academic or professional future of the children if sent to Urdu medium schools, which are either in the public sector or known as Galli/mohallah schools having eye-catching names. The study unfolds that a majority of parents themselves studied at Urdu medium schools, which, according to them, were once capable of catering to the multi-faceted needs of the students. Hence, the study invites the attention of the policymakers to address the issue and try to bring back the lost glory of the Urdu medium/public sector schools, which may guarantee the socio-economic future of students.

This study explores the linguistic selection focusing on the use of N-word choice by African-American fiction writers. This study explains the basic concepts of language and language use, language as a text and discourse, and also the function it plays within the context. With Halliday and Hassan's semantic set of choices, this study argues that Zora Neale Hurston does not seem aware of consciously using N-words in her novel, but her use of Nword linguistic choice to communicate the theme of race is in line with her true reflection of the society and culture she is born and bred in. Hurston might have used N-word deliberately both to appropriate lexical choice with that of characters' roles as many of the Harlem Renaissance writers did and to establish a kind of community building and collective cultural solidarity, the major determinants of Hurston's use of the N-word in Their Eyes Were Watching God.

For the last few months, COVID-19 has had a significant effect on clinical laboratory. This formalized with existing issues and difficulties for the laboratory evaluation of infections owing to extreme acute coronaviral syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The selection of the relevant respiratory tract specimen from the appropriate anatomical position is key to a timely and correct molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 at the right time in the pre-analytical process. Suitable steps are needed to safeguard laboratory personnel in order to provide accurate test results. The article is aimed at reviewing the literature related to the diagnosis and treatment therapy adapted to compete for novel coronavirus. The study is followed by reviewing 40-45 articles to critically evaluate and extract the possible therapies adapted in the different regions of the world. Serology, radiotherapy, antigen-detection test, point-of-care molecular diagnostics and other radiotherapeutic approaches are found to be efficient and used in several regions of the world.

The major focus of this study was on the relationship of students' perception of assessment, their exam prep strategies and their achievement (CGPA). The study was correlational, and the survey method was used to find out the research problem. All the public sector universities of Punjab were considered as a population of the study, and only seven (07) public sector universities were taken as a sample. A total number of 1324 students were selected through a simple random sampling technique for the data collection. Two questionnaires, one for students' perception of assessment and the other for students' exam prep strategies, were adapted to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed through mean scores, standard deviation, correlation and t-test. The study findings showed students have different perception and the same exam prep strategies and also concluded a significant relationship between students' perception of assessment, their exam prep strategies and achievement. Based on the results, it is recommended that students should be clearly informed about the assessment practices for the improvement of students' learning.

The study aims to explore Organizational attributes and their relation to career development. The career development of females was necessary for the country's economic progress. The data was collected through questionnaires from universities and two college female academic staff. The sample size was determined through a multi-stage sampling technique. The total sample size of the study was 301. The data were analyzed by applying simple linear regression. The findings of the study show that there are many issues related to the career development of females in organizational, but some have great influence such as Organizational/institutional behavior towards female employment, recognition of their work, standers of success, workplace harassment, biased attitude, glass ceiling, and transportation problems. Further researches must explore this problem at a broad level and include other sector female employees to identify their problems in career development. The government must formulate female-friendly policies to make it easier for females to work outside the home

The reason for this paper was to examine the impacts of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy on Depression in HEC University. The fundamental measures of the Dark Triads were obtained from past researches, which gave the foundation of our study facets. Information was accumulated via a questionnaire from 307 representatives from the Institution of Quetta. To accomplish the point, three propositions were built that constructed a link of depression with independent factors Mach, Narc and Psy. Data Analysis demonstrated that Mach, Narc and Psy particularly affect depression. Workload factor and workplace tackle with the difficulties they may confront invisibly. It is prescribed that more consideration be paid to the elements which can determine the workers and has developed a feeling of sadness, in the work environment, improving the development of workers just as the organization, with an emphasis on the efficient facets of dark Triads.

In recent times, religiosity and spirituality have received much attention towards mental health, but very few investigations worked on their role on life satisfaction within the gender perspective. The present study, however, investigates the relationships between religiosity, spirituality, and life satisfaction among individuals residing in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan, with special reference to gender. For this purpose, a sample of 150 adults (71 men and 79 women) were selected by convenient sampling technique and was evaluated using validated versions of three scales: Religious Orientation Scale (ROS), Spirituality Scale (SS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS). Results indicate that religiosity and spirituality have a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction. Results of linear regression showed that religiosity and spirituality significantly predict life satisfaction. Women reported more religious orientation and spirituality as compared to men in the sample studied. The study is useful for both men and women, highlighting the importance of one's orientation towards religion.

The crime rate in Pakistan has increased severely within the last decade. It may be because of high unemployment, increasing poverty, income, rising inflation and urbanized setups. Few noneconomic constraints are also responsible for it. The study has been made with reference to Women Jail Multan. The 70 female prisoners are selected via a random sampling method. The data are collected by interviewing them. The study has used the type of crime as the dependent variable. Purely crime-related variables and socio-economic factors of crime have been used as explanatory variables. Both purely crime-related variables and socio-economic variables have found effect size with the type of crime.

Through the integration of the local Yakshagana and the western Brechtian Epic theatre practices, Girish Karnad through Hayavadana (1971) has formed a brilliant theatre show. One theatrical device, apart from the folk-theatre motifs, is the utilization of physical masks on stage. The reading examines different techniques used by Karnad, which provide the staging of masks successful in theatre. It furthermore focuses on the objectives, techniques, and types of mask treatment in expressions of disguise and revelation at the physical level. The purpose of this exploration is to make a complete study of the expressive masks used in Hayavadana (1971) to interpret the proposed reality of the characters. The qualitative approach has been adopted as a methodology where the interpretive method of investigation has been engaged to search for the secreted meanings in the text. Professed through the lens of select theoretical structure, Hayavadana becomes a site of diversity and range.

The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies

The purpose of this research was to analyze the vocabulary barriers experienced by learners of public sector universities and colleges situated in South Punjab. SPSS version 23 was used to check the frequency and percentage of the responses of the respondents. The bulk of the learners indicated that they fail to achieve sufficient vocabulary to satisfy their educational and social needs due to certain factors such as the scope and magnitude of the assignments given to the students meaning the number of words that L2 learners need to learn is extraordinarily large. Similarly, the difference between spoken and written English becomes challenging on the way of learning L2 properly. To overcome all these barriers, the role of English language teachers is vulnerable as he is regarded as the custodian of L2 classroom, especially in EC and OC Circle countries and Pakistan is included in OC Circle countries.

The emerging trend of the use of LMS (Learning Management System) in higher educational institutes is improving the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this research was to find out the perspectives of teachers towards the use of LMS. The phenomenological case study approach was the focus of this study. All the teachers who were involved in course, section, and teachers allocations in LMS were taken as the participants of the study. The sample was selected by purposeful and convenient sampling techniques. Six teachers gave interviews, while 12 teachers filled the open-ended questionnaire from three campuses of the University of Education, Lahore. Thematic analysis of data indicated that there were four main categories of faculty perceptions towards using the Learning Management System. These were advantages, disadvantages, features, and problems faced by teachers in LMS. The researchers recommended intensive training of university faculty and students in the employment of the LMS.

This study explores self and othering in Roy's novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Roy took twenty years to complete this political romance. The narrator of this political romance talks about the others of Indian society, i.e., religious minorities, political traitors, and low caste groups. These others are always striving to secure a place in a biased Indian society. Their quest for identity has often led them to a blind alley where they have found themselves helpless and oppressed evermore. The situation has become worse under the government of the right-wing Hindu party BJP. This study is an attempt to explore the ways how the weaker part of the society is treated as another and outcast in a so-called secular state. Roy has presented the true face of India. This research tries to comprehend her mind and investigates The Ministry of Utmost Happiness multidimensional and multi-layered tale.

The facet of trauma as a constructive means is recent area of study in the field of Positive Psychology i.e, Posttraumatic growth. The present qualitative study is aimed to explore the process of PTG in the trauma victims of Pakistan. Total sample (N=40) having an equal number of participants i.e, manmade disaster (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) and natural disasters (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) was selected purposively. Interview protocol i.e, Semi-Structured Questionnaire was developed with the help of previous literature to go deep about the growth process in participants. The in-depth interviews were conducted on victims showing high Post-traumatic growth on PTGI. In-depth interviews were conducted, tape-recorded and transcribed. Themes were extracted out of bulk of the data through IPA to find out the process of PTG. Main themes were extracted and a Model of PTG was developed with the interaction of those themes.

Literary studies have historically focused on Native American literature as a reflection of the cultural and cultural history that underpins anthropological research. However, recent studies in Indigenous studies call for the themes and perspectives that see Indigenous past and present writers working on the idea of a state of dissolution that will work to regain ancestral memory and recognition with hegemonic trends of Euro Americans among other things. This paper attempts to clear the obscurity that Indians and Euro Americans are happily merged now having their hybridized identities and culture. BOYD wrote a cohesive, or national, life narrative that works on the concept of storytelling and ancestral memory that revives the historical narrative surrounding the tribal-centric mission and contributes to the re-interpretation of the monarchy and colonial practices by Euro Americans.

Anxiousness among the world governments is high in emerging after the lock down due to the COVID-19 pandemic for stabilizing their economies. Countries like Pakistan feel this pressure much higher due to the prevailing informal economy, poverty, free media, and conspiracy theories.Dissolution of critical services powers under the 18th amendment of 'The Constitution of Pakistan 1973’ underscored differences among provincial autonomy. In this situation, estimation of federal government’s responsibility in crisis management, the role of NDMA, delayed creation of NCOC, and options for‘smart’ lock down was the dithering by the Federal govt which caused initial damage. Pakistan has a snacking history of 'basic democracies,' 'devolution of powers, and consolidated instructions for provincial administrative working from the Federal governments. This paper aims to study the impact of ‘Mix-Messaging 'in power exercise is studied under qualitative method with discourse analysis to find reasons behind governance challenges and way forward to deal with governance challenges during COVID-19 ranging from in-person to e-governance systems.

The present article has attempted to discuss the essential Eurocentrism of the Anglophone Pakistani writer Zulfikar Ghose that has shaped his subjective identity as well as literary outlook. The argument has used Frantz Fanon's theorization about the colonized intellectual whose exposure to foreign culture engenders anxiety and eventually becomes a precondition for his cognitive maturation. However, reading Ghose's prose, we find no traces of any such conflict in his subjective and artistic expression as he chooses to call himself a native-alien with an ambivalence which, turns many times, into an alienation, even outright rejection of his native identity as an Indian-Pakistani. The article concludes that instead of coming to terms with his native subjectivity, Ghose's voice remains Eurocentric as it is predominantly based on an explicit admiration and identification with the dominant English culture and his simultaneous distance from his native culture and its historical memory.

Magical realism is a genre of literature where fantasy and magic are normalized in reality, and the real world has an undercurrent of magical elements going on. The research is based on the qualitative method within the framework of the theory of Magical Realism presented by Wendy B. Faris (2004). The study at hand explores different aspects of magical realism in the selected novel by analyzing major themes according to Faris's theory of Magical Realism. The research aims to show how the typical presences of people in the novel have been super naturalized through heavenly magical realist segments. Moreover, the significance of this study lies in the fact that it explored seemingly opposite phenomena of 'magic' and 'realism' and established a connection between them. The study seeks to find how each character of the novel The Particular Sadness of Lemon Cake is enduring in their own particular manner, representing the suffering of individuals in the real world considering the situation after World Wars. This research will open the ways for future researchers to work in the direction of magical realism and enhance its scope in general.

The industrial sector of a country is considered to be one of the most significant contributors to its economic and social growth. Pakistani industrial sector has been suffering from energy deficiency due to energy crises for the last two decades, and as a result, its performance has been badly affected. The current performance of this sector can be increased by the adoption of energy conservation measures (ECMs) which would lead to economic, social, and environmental benefits. This paper explores the significant drivers for the adoption of ECMs in manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan. It also evaluates the relative significance of these drivers in various contexts and provides a foundation to determine where to address effective policy efforts accordingly. For the investigation of a possible correlation of significant cited drivers with the type of industry (variable), a one-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey posthoc tests are also carried out.

The dominance of technology is a universal phenomenon, and like every other aspect of life, education could not spare itself from its influence. The opportunities being offered by the modern technologies incorporated in physical education can produce remarkable outcomes. This study offers an exploration into the potential use of technology as an aid in physical education. It reflects the practical prospects that new technology offers and the ways it can be applied to improve the learning process in physical education classrooms. Teachers can take help from digital technologies for better engagement of the students. For this purpose, teachers can first adapt to the technology by different formal and informal learning sources like seminar, conferences, training program, self-education and peer group discussions. To avoid technology being a source of distraction, a well-designed and practically controlled system of technology needs to be introduced into the classroom. The overall understanding of the students can be improved by using technological aids.

The core objective of the study was trifold in nature (i) to investigate the social media habits among youth. (ii) To analyze the magnitude and direction of relationship among communicative use, friending, self-disclosure, bonding and bridging social capital among youth. (iii) To investigate the magnitude regarding the impact of communicative use, this includes the phenomenon of bonding, friending, bridging social capital and selfdisclosure among youth. A cross-sectional research design was followed, and n=384 students were selected from 6 renowned public universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected through a questionnaire comprised of socioeconomic status, media habits, friending, and self-disclosure, bridging and bonding capital items. Acquired responses were analyzed through SPSS-21, and hypothesis was tested through Pearson Correlation coefficient p<.01<0.5, and the magnitude of the effect was determined through a linear regression model. There was a significant positive correlation found between friending, communication use, bonding, self-disclosure, and bridging the social capital through social media and regression model findings showed a significant effect of communicative use on bonding social capital and self-disclosure on bridging social capital through social media among youth.

This article reviews China's rise in the context of Status Quo or Power Transition in international society. A growing power strives to gain its power, prestige, and position among the comity of nations. A rising power can be a rival, or it supports the status quo of global governance. This review showed that there is no power transition in the global order whereas, Beijing is willing to engage or cooperate with the USA and existing institutions to keep the status quo of the power. China is not in a hasty mood to replace the American global order, but it will continue to push softly for multipolarity.

The policies formed by US leadership play a vital role in establishing US hegemony all over the world. The foreign policy of a state made according to the national interest. A rational decision of a leader plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the foreign policy. The challenges faced by Barack Obama in 2008 were somehow different from the challenges faced by Trump in 2016. The comparative analysis of both foreign policies would make it easy to determine the right and wrong decision taken by both leaders. The changing circumstances of the world would be identified through this research paper. The world is moving towards multipolarity, and somehow the decisions taken by Trump after his incumbent of office had the worst impact on US foreign policy because Trump was trying to isolate the US from world affairs, including trade and security.

This study discusses Native American woman's experience of existential outsideness, which is caused by the Euro-American legislative act as represented by Louise Erdrich in her novel Tracks. This research analyzes the role of the Dawes Act of 1887 in triggering the experience of existential outsideness among the Native Americans in general and Native American women in particular. Through Edward Casey Ralph's phenomenological perspective on the notion of spatiality, the study reinterprets the representation of space and place in Louise Erdrich's Tracks. The study offers a spatial reading of a Native American woman's life to explicate how she confronts the issues related to the confiscation of her ancestral lands that trigger her experience of existential outsideness to her land. The study concludes that Euro-American policies of acculturation and assimilation thwarted spatioexistential experiences of Native American women.

This article highlights the nature of governance in bureaucracy in Pakistan during various regimes. The bureaucracy involved itself in politics and ignored the golden sayings of Quaid-i-Azam, which led it to face various sociopolitical and administrative issues and problems. Bureaucrats sense of primacy resulted in the politicization of bureaucracy. This intervention, as a result, led to decay, arbitrary decision-making, corruption, kickback culture and lack of accountability, etc. This study attempts to present various issues and problems faced by the bureaucracy of Pakistan and suggests reforms to minimize them so that the cherished goal of a developed Pakistan in the 21st century may be achieving.

COVID-19 pandemic has halted fast-forwarding activities of the world. Everything has been confined to homes with limited physical activity. The imposition of lockdowns has paralyzed activities and public interaction. Consequently, physical fitness has been disadvantaged compromising public health. Restrictions of COVID-19 also put down coaching and sports. Physical training and interaction between players and coaches are significant to improve players performance. The sports sector affected by pandemics due to the low-level education of the players and coaches and lacking knowledge of modern training programs. Technological illiteracy has also added to the adversity, preventing players from getting effective benefits from online training programs. This study explores the challenges to coaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research also explores a comparison between direct coaching and online training in this regard. The research emphasizes the scope of maintaining physical fitness during pandemics. Findings of the interview conclude that Covid-19 has compromised the coaching and sports performance of athletes, and concepts like distance training remain ineffective due to the purely physical nature of the matter.

This study is to find out an attempt to verify the mentoring role of trust between mentoring function received and work attitude. For this purpose, national and international level NGOs working in multisectorial of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have been selected through stratified sampling techniques. 273 questionnaires were distributed among various employees in selected Districts. Out of which, 246 questionnaires were included for research analysis purposes. The responses of the respondents were measured through a structured questionnaire having a five-point Likert scale. Mentoring function has been found as a dependent variable, while work attitude has been termed as the independent variable. Mentoring function has been further categorized into two subclasses, i.e. career development and psychological support and work attitude have further elaborated into job satisfaction. It can be included that career support and psychological support are significant with job satisfaction, and there is a positive relationship between dependent and independent variables.

The traditional Balti dresses were made with a beautiful material, "Pattu". We conducted a survey regarding the procedure of pattu making in Baltistan. The data was collected through in-depth interviews of 30 personnel who were associated with pattu making art. Thematic analysis has been adopted to examine the responses. Pattu fibre was obtained from sheep next convert into yarn and then into the fabric. Pattu was dyed with the help of leaves and fruits. Pattu was used in garments, caps, shawls and carpets. It is the need of time to work on the revival of this dying art of making pattu with new innovations to improve the procedure and speed of making fabric. This study will provide knowledge to our new generations about traditional fabric which helps them build a strong bond with the culture. Bringing the skilled persons from Baltistan on the front line and create economic opportunities for them.

The English language has a major impact on our companies and workplaces. Regardless of geographical, social, political, or religious divisions, English has become the lingua franca of the international corporate world. The purpose of this research study was to explore the role of English language skills in the career growth of a person and understand the perceptions of graduate and undergraduate students about learning and improving this language. For this purpose, relevant literature was scouted, and based on scholars points of view; a questionnaire was developed to get the opinions of the students. The data was collected using Google Form, employing a stratified convenience sampling procedure. The analysis shows a positive relationship between English language skills and career growth.

The present research, "A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Linguistic Features of Billboards", has been accomplished in order to make a comprehensive analysis of the fact how advertising is manipulating and altering the basic philosophies, dogmas, creeds and ideologies of the common people. Advertising is a vast field, and it has influenced the lives of all of us in the last decades. Keeping this factor in view, the researcher has made an attempt to uncover those aspects which remain hidden in the glamorous and eye-catching commercials which contribute to the capitalist's efforts to make maximum profit by thrusting his products on the customers. The researcher has done the linguistic analysis by using Norman Fairclough's model of Critical Discourse Analysis (1993) of the billboard advertisements. The researcher has analyzed the language and images used on the billboards and had made an attempt to find out the basic notions for which these linguistic expressions have been used in the boards. For this purpose, he uses various tactics. The sincerity which is illustrated in the billboard advertisements by the advertiser is not factual. The real picture is on the other side.

Benchmarking has been very important in measurement, comparison, and improvement. Important benchmarking indicators such as leverage, liquidity, stock performance, profitability, asset utilization and growth are used to examine the performance of various companies in different businesses. The current study is based on secondary data, which were collected from annual reports of 14 insurance companies of the Listed Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2014-2018. For this purpose, the Technique for order Preferences by the Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) has been used. The findings of the study help managers of moderate growth and low growth insurance companies to formulate policies to improve their performance by looking at the policies of highly growing Insurance companies. The results concluded that overall ranking of insurance companies from 2014 to 2018, JLIL ranked 1st in overall performance in the year 2014. It is due to high net sales and total investment returns as compared to other insurance companies.

This reports the psychological perspective of displacement in the English Pakistani novel The Bride (also published as The Pakistani Bride), written by a Pakistani American novelist Bapsi Sidhwa. This is a sociolinguistic study with the employment of Close Reading (CR) and Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The study involves social, psychological and semantic aspects with the aim to present the psychological impact of displacement on the personal and social life of the characters. Close-Reading provides the analysis of the novel and the author. Systematic Functional Linguistics provides context and semantics as tools to analyze the historical and conceptual background of the novel. The findings of the study present mixed results, supporting the supposition that displacement affects the psychological state of the characters and disturbs their individual functionality. It partially proves that their social functionality is equally affected. It may be because people are more careful in playing their social roles.

In today's education industry, more and more Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are emerging, where students have a lot of options in opting for the best intuition, which they perceive would fulfil their educational needs and requirements. Both public and private HEIs are constantly evolving their services for the students. This study examine the 'Explanatory Model' which explored the Student Satisfaction Index (SSI) and try to evaluate the student satisfaction level. The software Statistical packages for social sciences is used to test the proposed hypotheses. These HEIs should explore and formulate new and innovative strategies to attract, retain and establish good relationships with students in order to establish or keep their competitive edge in the education industry. This study concluded that 'Perceived Quality' along with other factors, influenced students' satisfaction and loyalty.

The use of organic cosmetics is gaining popularity in Pakistan due to associated health and environmental benefits. Consumers' preferences are rapidly shifting towards organic cosmetics because these products are based on natural ingredients. To analyze the gathered data of 300 female's convenience sampling technique was applied belonging to Faisalabad and Lahore. The data was collected about consumers' socioeconomic characteristics, consumption, purchase patterns with major factors of organic cosmetic consumer behavior and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques. The findings of the study revealed that three factors, health consciousness, environmental consciousness, and product quality information, impact significantly consumer behavior for organic cosmetics. Another factor needs for uniqueness showed a week impact on consumer behavior. This study provided valuable insights and recommendations to the industry about consumer behavior. It is suggested that marketers improve operational marketing policies by communicating the eco-friendly benefits of organic cosmetics.

This study was carried out to measure the Non-Governmental Organizations intervention in health nutrition and people's level of satisfaction. A sample size of 230 out of 450 populations was selected through a simple random sampling procedure. The study revealed the children and women (lactating) benefitted through nutrition food, provision of purification tablets for safe drinking water, provision of food baskets to people. Children were benefited through the provision of vitamin, and de-warming medication, treatment of pregnant and lactating women and children suffering from malnutrition were significantly associated with people's level of satisfaction. This study recommended that government, along with NGOs, must take measures for healthy nutrition irrespective of class, caste, and occupation, etc.

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961) is one of the most widely read American novelist of the 19th century, whose works have been variously interpreted. His fiction was influenced by different sociological, political and psychological trends of the time. The adventures of his personal life inspired some of the fascinating stories in his fiction. A Farewell to Arms projects the concept of individual struggle in the face of stiff resistance. His protagonist helplessly strives to define his existence; he, however, miserably fails in his struggle for actualizing his existence. But ultimately, he learns the secret of a meaningful existence. This study traces these elements of existentialist philosophy and examines its influence on the art of Hemingway. Although his views are also influenced and modified by the trends of the time, the influence of existentialist philosophy is vividly visible in all his writings. The paper analyzes the major works of Hemingway, particularly his famous novel A Farewell to Arms, in the light of existentialism. It specifically focuses on the rise and fall of the hero and heroine in the novel when they try to define their existence in this free and void world.

The purpose of this research was to analyse the relationship development and communication competence of MPhil/PhD supervisors. A confirmatory mixed-methods research design was used to conduct the study in two stages. For both phases, 360 MPhil/PhD graduates and 72 supervisors were selected from four public universities in Punjab using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected electronically from 239 MPhil/PhD graduates during phase-I using an adapted questionnaire from ASHA's supervision model, while in phase-II, 72 MPhil/PhD supervisors were interviewed to cross-check the Phase-I findings. According to MPhil/PhD graduates, their supervisors have relationship development and communication competence. During interviews, most MPhil/PhD supervisors refute their supervisees' claims and offer suggestions to improve supervisors' competence. Based on supervisor suggestions, the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan should revise the supervision structure, provide Postdoctoral fellowships to all supervisors, and promote international conferences. This study may be helpful to supervisors in self-evaluation as well as understanding relationship development and communication competence.

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of state-trait anxiety on depression among pregnant females. A crosssectional study was carried out on pregnant females of all three trimesters from March 2019 to December 2019. The study collected data from pregnant females 153 age 18 to 47 years using the purposive sampling technique. Respondents were from Government and private hospitals of two metropolitan cities of Punjab, Pakistan (Lahore and Faisalabad). All the pregnant females completed a demographic sheet, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(S-TA), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess the level of anxiety and depression among pregnant females. The SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. The regression results highlighted that state-trait anxiety positively predicted depression among pregnant women, with a 16% variance in the outcome variable. Pregnant females experience a diverse level of anxiety and stress that can have serious consequences for the childbearing women as well can make the pregnancy process more complicated if treated with early intervention.

Recently rising sea levels and a decrease of Indus water into the delta have resulted in high seawater intrusion at the coastal shores of Sindh. Seawater intrusion has severely affected the livelihood sources of local people. Therefore, this study is conducted with an aim to measure the economic effects of seawater intrusion on the lives of the local population in the deltaic coasts of the Sindh region in Pakistan. This is a quantitative study conducted through a survey questionnaire in the coastal belt of Badin and Thatta districts of Sindh province, Pakistan. A total of 200 participants were recruited in the study through multistage sampling. Results show a significant impact of seawater intrusion on the economic conditions of coastal communities in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Adverse effects of seawater intrusion can be seen in the shape of a decrease in cultivated land, low agricultural production, decreasing livestock production and fishing quantity.

Mughal Garden Wah is one of the masterpieces built by Mughals on GT Road near the city of Hassan Abdal. It was private property that was later on taken by the government due to its historical and architectural significance. This site is not only a picnic point for the local community but has the potential to attract thousands of national and international tourists to enjoy its landscape and architecture. The current state of the garden is not praiseworthy, and if proper measures are not taken well in time, this masterpiece of art and architecture will vanish soon. The current study is an attempt to highlight the architectural significance of the garden, its conservation issues and managing it for sustainable tourism.

An effort has been made to revisit the political participation of Pakhtun women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa former NWFP. The active role in the politics of Pakhtun women was quite difficult due to socio-cultural constraints. In such circumstances a woman from the elite class emerged on the political scene of NWFP; Begum Zari Sarfaraz who not only participated in the independence movement of Pakistan but also participated in politics after the creation of Pakistan and had rendered great services for women folk as members of national and provincial assemblies. The paper shed light on her opposition to One Unit. The paper also investigates the reason that why she quit politics. There is hardly any literature on the role of Begum Zari Sarfaraz in the politics of Pakistan.

This review expects to analyze the effect of human assets, the executives' arrangements on hierarchical responsibility, and the exhibition of the representatives. The review encased the strategies factor as an autonomous variable and the representative's exhibition as a reliant factor. This concentrate additionally plans to explore the job of association, the job of "hierarchical responsibility," as a middle person variable between the arrangements if (HRM) and the exhibition of the worker and to accomplish these points. The specialist has utilized the expressive scientific strategy, which addressed utilizing to check the construction reality of the review factors coming to utilize. The review has closed many outcomes, and quite possibly, the main result is that there is a positive association between human resources, the leaders, and the worker's presentation. The concentrate likewise tracked down an aberrant constructive outcome to the executives' human asset through the association responsibility with the rate higher than the immediate effect; the exploration progressed that all police creators of HRM and result in growing the representative's presentation.

Architecture goes through a steady yet extremely slow process of evolution which is, most of the time, hardly observable in centuries. The process of architectural transformation has rarely been described holistically in the available literature; therefore, there is a need to explore and present this important process in the simplest possible manner for a better understanding of the young architects as well as students. The focus of this descriptive study was to explore the available literature on this important topic and to create a simple, precise and meticulous descriptive summary for the better understanding of young architects. Data used in this literature-based article was mostly secondary; however, it was tried to summarize the entire discussion in diagrammatic form. The study suggests practitioners should not opt for sudden and drastic turns in the architecture in terms of spatial configuration, formal compositions, and technological interventions as these may result in the acceleration of psychological and perceptual stress in users as well as the viewers.

This study aims to estimate determinants of MM in selected districts of Punjab. Data have been extracted from 196 families from three respective districts. Education, safe water availability, sanitation, health infrastructure, immunization card, family size, residence, household income, and ANC visits are taken as independent variables. Education, family size, poor and middle-income class variables had a positive and significant effect on the MM in DG Khan. This study revealed that education, safe water, and income show positive and significant impact on MM in Chakwal district. While, sanitation variable, area of residence and health infrastructure shown negative and significant impact health. The study found that education, household income and family size had a positive and significant effect on the MM in Sialkot. While, Safe water availability, sanitation, health infrastructure and immunization card have negative and insignificant effect on female health. Government should give more strength to integrated reproductive and newborn child health (IRMNCH) program.

The study analyzes the issue of identity under postcolonialism by comparing two postcolonial novels from different countries. The data consists of selected textual passages taken from the two works to invoke comparative study. Hamid presents that America is acting like a Neo-colonial power to show its superiority, while Kincaid evinces the realistic manner that depicts the inferiority of indigenous culture, which is also the result of Neo-colonialism. Postcolonial theory is used as a research methodology. Homi K. Bhaba's concepts of identity, hybridity, mimicry and otherness provide a basic framework for the research. Fanon's concept of national identity will also provide support for the completion of this research. The research concludes that the elite and educated class should seek identity from their own culture rather than adopting the westernized mimic culture, which makes them an inferior race in order to show their own superiority.

Great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, which inspires states to enhance influence in strategically important regions. The Middle East region has always remained the centre of attraction for major powers due to its geostrategic importance and huge energy resources. The civil war in Syria is a prolonged armed conflict that began in 2011. U.S and Russia, being involved from the beginning in the conflict, have different interests and campaigns. Over the last four decades, another most important region has become a source of turmoil and unease, Afghan crises in the region that has always persisted as the source of concern for the global powers and a cornerstone for regional powers. Moscow's mistake to intervene in Afghanistan revealed its unassailable vulnerability. After the Soviet Union disintegration, Kabul has again become the focal point of US policy in the region post 9/11 terror attacks.

The idea of digital competence has emerged in recent years around the globe. It entails a wide range of abilities and knowledge in every field. The current research paper is to investigate the digital competence and mysteries of learning: use of technology in classrooms by the teachers. University teachers were used as population and sixty teachers were randomly selected as a sam-ple from different campuses of education university Lahore. Self-constructed instrument, Teach-ers' Digital Competencies Survey [TDCS] instrument, was adapted and used for data collection. The results revealed a statistically apparent difference in gender of teachers about different indi-cators of digital competencies and learning with technology. It was concluded that male teachers had used more digital technology with more confidence than that female teachers. There search-ers recommended that digital competence may be promoted among teachers for the better teaching and learning environment. The universities should provide better technological facilities for better learning.

This paper intends to analyze the debt threshold for Pakistan over a period of 1976-2020 within the framework of the ARDL bounds testing approach. ADF and PP tests of stationarity confirmed that the extracted data set was stationarity either at level or at first difference. The F-bound test validated the presence of long-run co integration. This paper finds that the curve for the bi variate quadratic function is strictly concave and that the debt in flexion point is 48.42 percent of the gross domestic product. It implies that the marginal effect of debt turns negative beyond this level of debt. Findings suggest that government should ensure to acquire external debt up to the debt-in flexion point that would enhance the economic growth. Government should also work on fiscal consolidation and substituting the required burden of debt with alternate sources of revenue like FDI, grants, and international trade.

The principles of accountability and transparency are fundamental and central to the bulk of United Nations (UN)Conventions and other international legal instruments. However,accountability within an institution requires in-depth impartiality, equality,and neutrality. The role of the UN and other organizations is significant,particularly for the achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG) goal16. In this context, this paper focuses on the obligations of institutions for achieving sustainable development goals 16. It aims to discuss the role of human rights-based institutions, including mechanisms, standards, and institutional arrangements, and explores their obligations. It also identifies the obligations of non state actors and argues that such actors can be managed/well-ordered with the accountability tools and guidance provided by SDG 16 for achieving accountability, peace, justice, and good governance at all levels. Finally, it discusses challenges for overall sustainable development.

Health communication characterizes the boundary between communication and health and is progressively documented as essential for everyday well-being. Mass media, especially electronic media, is the need of the time, especially during the outbreaks like Polio in Pakistan. People get information from mass media, up-grade their knowledge, and their attitudes are formed, and ultimate change in practices becomes forth. By keeping in view the widely witnessed role of mass median healthcare communication, this article also examines Pakistan regarding Polio eradication. We executed a descriptive quantitative method and gathered data from n= 300 respondents. Results revealed that Mass Media and Interpersonal communication have a significant role in delivering the proper knowledge about the Polio disease. Through Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication, the masses may know the harmful consequences of Polio disease and the influential role of the vaccine inuring this disease. Thus, we concluded that media help eradicate misconceptions about the vaccine, resulting in the complete wipe out of Polio from Pakistan. Further, we have discussed the results and highlighted the recommendations accordingly.

The semester system helps the students in learning more than the annual system. The semester system is very much effective in higher education. But at the same time, it creates many problems for students. The purpose of the study is that find out the problem in the semester system and its advantages disadvantages. During the semester system, students faced many problems. Hence the major purpose of the study is to find the difficulties during exams and presentations, assignments,shortage of time, etc. Its solutions and opinion of students. The population of the study was first semester students selected non-randomly and taken 20 students for interview. Two government universities were visited for this purpose. It was a qualitative study that ways followed the step of thematic analysis calculation is that the semester system is the opposite annual system. The semester system exam was held after six months, and students faced a problem because of shortage time anxiety for the exam. Semester system significant is that in which each academic year is divided into two periods. It develops presentation skills and confidence through the semester system.

This research aims to examine why consumers' brand switching behaviour happened, understand the critical factors behind brand switching in Hyderabad city, and illustrate the variables that significantly affect customer engagement in fashion clothing. Using a questionnaire, a survey was done with a public audience that included both men and females. A total of 199 people completed the survey. The outcome shows that just one independent variable has been validated following the hypothesis.The analysis did not approve the other four variables: brand image,attachment, word of mouth, and environmental effect. The current study proves that comparative advertisement plays a vital role in brand switching.