Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law
The principles of accountability and transparency are fundamental and central to the bulk of United Nations (UN)Conventions and other international legal instruments. However,accountability within an institution requires in-depth impartiality, equality,and neutrality. The role of the UN and other organizations is significant,particularly for the achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG) goal16. In this context, this paper focuses on the obligations of institutions for achieving sustainable development goals 16. It aims to discuss the role of human rights-based institutions, including mechanisms, standards, and institutional arrangements, and explores their obligations. It also identifies the obligations of non state actors and argues that such actors can be managed/well-ordered with the accountability tools and guidance provided by SDG 16 for achieving accountability, peace, justice, and good governance at all levels. Finally, it discusses challenges for overall sustainable development.
-
Institutional Accountability, Transparency, Non-state Actors, Institutional Obligations, Sustainable Development Goals
-
(1) Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan Arif
Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
(2) Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi
Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
(3) Nafees Ahmed Khan
Lecturer in Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- Alston, P. (2005).
- Bardales, D., & Arenas, P. (2014). Project report titled:
- Bolaji-Adio, A. (2015).
- Chan, S., Asselt, H., Hale, T. et al., (2015).
- Conference Report. (2016). ENNHRI, ANNHRI & UNDP. Role of National Human Rights Institutions in implementing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goal.
- Edwards, M. (2000).
- Goetz, A., & Jenkins, R. (2005). Reinventing Accountability, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Malena, C., Forster, R., & Singh, J. (2004). 'Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice'. Social Development Paper 76. Washington DC: World Bank.
- Grant, R. W., & Keohane, R. (2005).
- Haque, I. (2008).
- Heal, G. (2000). Valuing the Future: Economic Theory and Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press. 13.
- Hoise, A. (2016). Scottish Human Rights Commission. Contributing to the Accountability Web: The Role of NHRIs and the SDGs. 23 March.
- Jordan, L. (2006).
- Kaldor, J. M., Anheier H. K., & Glasius, M. E. (2003).
- Kamat, S. (2003).
- Kapur, D. (2000).
- Kezie-Nwoha H., & Lalbahadur, A. (2017).
- Kumar, S., Kumar, N., & Vivekadhish S. (2016).
- Lane L., & Hesselman, M. (2017).
- Lewis, N. (1989). 'Regulating Non-Government Bodies: Privatization, Accountability, and the Public-Private Divide' in Jowell, J. and Oliver D. (eds.), The Changing Constitution (2nd) Oxford: Clarendon Press. p219.
- Malena, C., Forster, R., & Singh, J. (2004).
- McNeil, M., & Malena, C. (eds) (2010). Demanding Good Governance: Lessons from Social Accountability Initiatives in Africa. Washington DC: World Bank.
- OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. (2000). (DAFFE/IME/WPG 15).
- Peruzzotti, E., & Smulovitz, C. (2006).
- Peruzzotti, E., & Smulovitz, C. (eds) Enforcing the Rule of Law: Social Accountability in the New Latin American Democracies, Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh.
- Peters, A., Koechlin, L., Forster, T., & Zinkernagal, G. F. (2010). Non-State actors as standard setters, Cambridge University press. p125.
- Putzel, J., & Di John, J. (2012).
- Report of OECD. (2011).
- Report of Transparency International Bangladesh MIDAS Centre (Levels 4 & 5). (2017).
- Report of African Union, United Nations Development Fund (UNDP) and Safer world. (2014).
- Report of Asian Development Bank. (2017).
- Report of Department for International Development. (2012). ‘Operational plan 2011- 2015', DFID Civil Society Department. p2.
- Report of Australian Government/AusAID. (2012).
- Report of the UN Secretary-General. (2013).
- Resolution of Human Rights Council. (2012). 19/10, 2, U.N. Doc A/HRC/RES/19/10.
- Report of John H. Knox. (2014). Independent expert.
- Report of World Bank. (2011).
- Report of John HKnox.(2013). UN Independent Expert.
- Report of World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Report of DIHR. (2016). Human Rights in Follow- up and Review of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2016. Human Rights and Data - tools and resources for sustainable development.
- Schedler, A. (2012).
- Scheye, E. (2009).
- Scholte, J. A. (2011). Building Global Democracy? Civil Society and Accountable Governance. Cambridge University Press. pp15-16
- Smits, R., & Wright, D. (2012).
- Sustainability Science. (2016).
- The Day After. (2012).
- Tisne, M. (2010). 'Transparency, Participation and Accountability: Definitions', unpublished Background Note for Transparency and Accountability Initiative, Institute of Development Studies. p2.
- UN ECOSOC Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. (2003).
- United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. (2012). Rio de Janeiro, Braz., June 20-22.
- United Nations General Assembly resolution 70/1, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, paras 10 and 19.
- UN Special Rapporteur for the Right to Food. (1987).
- Umberto Pisano, U., Lange, L., Berger G., & Hametner, M. (2015).
- Zaken, M. V. B. (2009).
Cite this article
-
APA : Arif, S. M. W. K., Gardazi, S. M. F., & Khan, N. A. (2021). Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law. Global Social Sciences Review, VI(I), 540-551. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).55
-
CHICAGO : Arif, Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan, Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi, and Nafees Ahmed Khan. 2021. "Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law." Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I): 540-551 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).55
-
HARVARD : ARIF, S. M. W. K., GARDAZI, S. M. F. & KHAN, N. A. 2021. Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law. Global Social Sciences Review, VI, 540-551.
-
MHRA : Arif, Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan, Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi, and Nafees Ahmed Khan. 2021. "Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law." Global Social Sciences Review, VI: 540-551
-
MLA : Arif, Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan, Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi, and Nafees Ahmed Khan. "Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law." Global Social Sciences Review, VI.I (2021): 540-551 Print.
-
OXFORD : Arif, Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan, Gardazi, Syed Mudasser Fida, and Khan, Nafees Ahmed (2021), "Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law", Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I), 540-551
-
TURABIAN : Arif, Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan, Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi, and Nafees Ahmed Khan. "Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (2021): 540-551. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).55