(10 Views)

1-Shaista Andleeb : Ph. D scholar, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
2-Muhammad Asif Khan : Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
3-Shahzad Ahmad: Research scholar, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

This paper is an effort to de-construct the two opposite ideas of hope and despair in Ahmed Ali's Twilight in Delhi and Khushwant Singh's Delhi. The comparative points of view regarding Delhi by Singh and Ali serve to construct the ideological, political and ontological framing of Delhi. The paper explores the significance of Delhi as a symbol of political energy which distributes power or snatches it as an active agent of power-history. The paper exhibits the socio-political, economic and communal structures portrayed by Ali and Singh. The study is an effort to detect the system of representation in the metaphor of Delhi in the context of power-resistance and failure of the struggle against the Raj. The paper tries to show that both Ali and Singh see Delhi with a difference of outlook and literary approach to manifest hope and despair.

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1-Abida Hassan: PhD Scholar, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
2-Dil Muhammad Malik: Dean, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

This article aims to provide information relating to Alternative Dispute Resolution (Informal Dispute Resolution) which is considered a new technique for the resolution of disputes in western countries. Still, from the study, it has been proven that it is not a new technique, and has been in practice in one form or other in different times and civilizations; it is a conversion to new title and system with some modification, but the aim is same as was in ancient time, i.e., the historical evolution of the system from Torah period to present time presents the whole picture of this system. The study highlighted both practices in ancient and present times which shows that the system has been working successfully in all the times. Therefore, it can be applied elsewhere in the world, so the researcher is of the view that this system is more sustainable in any form than the formal system because it reflects the friendly, amicable, long-lasting relationships between parties.

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1-Muhammad Ayub Jajja: Associate Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

The present study means to investigate Hamlet in the light of postmodernist-Deconstructive theoretical framework. The play seems to reinforce the overarching dominant patriarchal meta-narrative, with supposed unitary voice and unified identities. The current reading means to show that the play is a metaphor of postmodernism with pluralistic subjectivities, multiple alternative micronarrative voices. It manifests the postmodernist notion of subjective, personal and local truth, against the idea of universal truth and reality. Its major features are self-difference, undecidability, and uncertainty. The regimes of truth in the form of dominant ideology are challenged, deconstructed and undermined, creating a zone of the postmodern condition of reality and truth as the effect of power and rhetoric. The postmodern condition does not push for the replacement of one totality with another. It creates a third space of pluralism, where all the voices are disjoined in a zone of the difference without hierarchy.

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1-Amjid Ali : Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
2-Dost Muhammad Khan: Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
3-Mujeeb Hussain : PhD Scholar (Statistics), Department of Statistics Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.

This study aims at exploring and examining the causes of teacher's favoritism and its effects on the university students. Quantitative tools are applied to collect data for the study and to check its reliability. The results of the data reveal that the teachers favor the students on the basis of gender, race, area, similar political ideology and family/blood relation. The study also indicates that a teacher's favoritism in the class affects boldness, mutual trust and respects between students and teacher which results in the student's struggle for favoritism instead of studies and academic achievements. Moreover, the students may opt for leaving the institute in which favoritism exists. The study also shows that both male and female students have the same opinions regarding different factors and effects of favoritism. The study concludes that the students' flair, potential, abilities and academic achievements should be emphasized as essential criteria for testing and evaluating the students' academic performance. It will, further, compel the students to focus on their studies, rather than on gaining teacher's favor.

    (3857 Views)

1-Amjid Ali : Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
2-Dost Muhammad Khan: Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
3-Mujeeb Hussain : PhD Scholar (Statistics), Department of Statistics Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.

This study aims at exploring and examining the causes of teacher's favoritism and its effects on the university students. Quantitative tools are applied to collect data for the study and to check its reliability. The results of the data reveal that the teachers favor the students on the basis of gender, race, area, similar political ideology and family/blood relation. The study also indicates that a teacher's favoritism in the class affects boldness, mutual trust and respects between students and teacher which results in the student's struggle for favoritism instead of studies and academic achievements. Moreover, the students may opt for leaving the institute in which favoritism exists. The study also shows that both male and female students have the same opinions regarding different factors and effects of favoritism. The study concludes that the students' flair, potential, abilities and academic achievements should be emphasized as essential criteria for testing and evaluating the students' academic performance. It will, further, compel the students to focus on their studies, rather than on gaining teacher's favor.

    (3648 Views)

1-Zahid Anwer : Professor (tenured), Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
2-Nelofar Ikram: PhD scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.

The paper critically evaluates the notion that political Islam is a threat to world peace. The argument is developed in the light of Islamic history and fundamentals of Islam and the research is based on primary and secondary sources. There was a time when magical influence of Muslims in every field of life (socio-economic, Political scientific) was conspicuous. For instance, Al Farabi's books influenced platonic theories. Similarly influence of Sufism on the works of William James, Goethe, August Comte, Nietzsche, Voltaire and Rousseau also cannot be over looked. Muslims taught geology, geography understanding of mathematics rules of philosophy and Industrial Arts and quality of products. Islamic state and society showed many signs of internal decay by 11th Century. The symptoms of decadence were discernible even earlier, the decline of the power and prestige of the caliphs even in their own capital. So, the problems lay with Muslim rulers and parties in rule but not with political Islam. The result was weak administration which shook the foundations of Islamic Empire. It is very important to have a state in order to preach Islam that is why, Mohammad (SWS) established Madina as a political entity to prevail justice on the lines of Quranic injunctions.