References
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- Alder, J., Fink, N., Bitzer, J., Hösli, I., Holzgreve, W. (2007). Depression and anxiety during pregnancy: a risk factor for obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcome? A critical review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med; 20(3), 189-09. doi:10.1080/14767050701209560
- Amiri, M., Sadeqi, Z., Hoseinpoor, M. H., & Khosravi, A. (2016). Marital Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors in Fertile and Infertile Women. J Fam Reprod Health, 10(3), 139- 45. doi: 10.1007/s11195-016-9443-y
- Carolan-Olah, M., & Barry, M. (2014). Antenatal stress: an Irish case study. Midwifery, 30, 310-16. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.014
- Ding, X. X., Wu, Y. L., & Xu, S. J. et al. (2014). Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Affect Disord, 159,103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.027
- Grote, N. K., Bridge, J. A., Gavin, A. R., Melville, J. L., Iyengar, S., & Katon, W. J. A. (2010). meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(10),1012-024. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111
- Grigoriadis, S., VonderPorten, E. H., & Mamisashvili, L., et al. (2013). The impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry,74(4), e321-e41. doi: 10.4088/JCP.12r07968.
- Karmaliani, R., Asad, N., Bann, C. M., Moss, N., Mcclure, E. M., Pasha, O., Wright, L. L., & Goldenberg, R. L. (2009). Prevalence of anxiety, depression and associated factors among pregnant women of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 55(5), 414-24. doi: 10.1177/0020764008094645
- Khalesi, Z. B., & Bokaie, M. (2018). The association between pregnancy-specific anxiety and preterm birth: a cohort study. Afri Health Sci, 18(3), 569-75. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.14
- Kiesswetter, M., Marsoner, H., Luehwink, A., Fistarol, M., Mahlknecht, A., & Duschek, S. (2019). Impairments in life satisfaction in infertility: Associations with perceived stress, affectivity, partnership quality, social support and the desire to have a child. Beha Med, 2(3), 23-27. Doi: 10.1080/08964289.2018.1564897.
- Lakatos, E., Szigeti, F. J., Ujmal, P. P., Sexty, R., & Balog, P. (2017). Anxiety and depression among infertile women: a cross-sectional survey from Hungary. BMC Women's Health. 17, 48. Doi: 10.1186/s12905-017- 0410-2.
- Mahboob, S., Shah, A., Bowen, A., Afridi, I., & Nowshad, G. et al. (2011). Prevalence of Antenatal Depression: Comparison between Pakistani and Canadian women. J Pak Med Assoc,61, 242-46.
- Meijer, J. L., Bockting, C. L., Stolk, R. P., Kotov, R., Ormel, J., & Burger, H. (2014). Associations of life events during pregnancy with longitudinal change in symptoms of antenatal anxiety and depression. Midwifery, 30, 526-31. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162851
- Nagandla, K., Nalliah, S., & Yin, L. K. et al. (2016). Prevalence and associated risk fac- tors of depression, anxiety and stress in pregnancy. Int J Reproduction, 5(7), 2380- 88. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S153273
- Nasreen, H. E., Kabir, Z. N., Forsell, Y., & Edhborg, M. (2011). Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: a population-based study in rural Bangladesh. BMC Womens Health, 11, 22. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-22.
- Nayak, S., Poddar, R., & Jahan, M. (2015). Psychological problems during advance stage of pregnancy. Int J Indian Psychol, 2, 103-13. doi:10.25215/0202.014
- Radloff, L, S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self- report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas,385(01).
- Rubertsson, C., Hellstrom, J., Cross, M., & Sydsjo, G. (2014). Anxiety in early pregnancy: Prevalence and contributing actors. Arch Womens Ment Health,17(3), 221-28. doi: 10.1007/s00737-013-0409-0.
- Rosario, M. K., Premji, S. S., & Nyanza, E. C. et al. (2017). A qualitative study of pregnancy- related anxiety among women in Tanzania. BMJ Open, 7, e016072. Doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016072.
- Roos, A., Faure, S., Lochner, C., Vythilingum, B., & Stein, D. J. (2013). Predictors of distress and anxiety during pregnancy. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg),16, 118-22. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy. v16i2.15.
- Signal, T. L., Paine, S. J., Sweeney, B. et al. (2017). The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the level of life stress and worry in new zealand mÄori and non-mÄori women in late pregnancy. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 51(2),168-76. doi: 10.1177/0004867415622406
- Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Stein, A., Pearson, R. M., Goodman, S. H., Rapa, E., Rahman, A., & McCallum, M. et al. (2014). Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet, 384, 1800- (19). doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(14)61277-0.
- Verbee, T., Arjadi, R., Vendrik, J. J., Burger, H., & Berger, M. Y. (2015). Anxiety and depression during pregnancy in Central America: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in the developing country Nicaragua. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 292. doi: 10.1186/s12888-015-0671-y
- Organization, W. (2021). mhGAP: Mental Health Gap Action Programme: scaling up care for mental, neurological and substance use disorders. 28 August 2021, http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/4380 9?show=full
- Wiweko, B., Anggraheni, U., Elvira, D. S., & Lubis, P. H. (2017). Distribution of stress level among infertility patients. Middle East Fertil Soc J, 22, 145-48. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.01.005
- Yanikkerem, E., Ay, S., Mutlu, S., & Goker, A. (2013). Antenatal depression: Prevalence and risk factors in a hospital based Turkish sample. J Pak Med Assoc, 63, (472-77). doi: 10.5455/jpma.19892
- Zakar, R., Zakar, M. Z., & Abbas, S. (2013). Domestic violence against rural women in Pakistan: an issue of health and human rights. J Family Violence,31,15-25. doi: 10.1007/s10896-015-9742-6
- Al-Azri, M., Al-Lawati, I., & Al-Kamyani, R. et al. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of antenatal depression among Omani women in a primary care setting: cross-sectional study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 16(1), e35-e41. doi: 10.18295/squmj.2016.16.01.007
- Alder, J., Fink, N., Bitzer, J., Hösli, I., Holzgreve, W. (2007). Depression and anxiety during pregnancy: a risk factor for obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcome? A critical review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med; 20(3), 189-09. doi:10.1080/14767050701209560
- Amiri, M., Sadeqi, Z., Hoseinpoor, M. H., & Khosravi, A. (2016). Marital Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors in Fertile and Infertile Women. J Fam Reprod Health, 10(3), 139- 45. doi: 10.1007/s11195-016-9443-y
- Carolan-Olah, M., & Barry, M. (2014). Antenatal stress: an Irish case study. Midwifery, 30, 310-16. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.014
- Ding, X. X., Wu, Y. L., & Xu, S. J. et al. (2014). Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Affect Disord, 159,103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.027
- Grote, N. K., Bridge, J. A., Gavin, A. R., Melville, J. L., Iyengar, S., & Katon, W. J. A. (2010). meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(10),1012-024. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111
- Grigoriadis, S., VonderPorten, E. H., & Mamisashvili, L., et al. (2013). The impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry,74(4), e321-e41. doi: 10.4088/JCP.12r07968.
- Karmaliani, R., Asad, N., Bann, C. M., Moss, N., Mcclure, E. M., Pasha, O., Wright, L. L., & Goldenberg, R. L. (2009). Prevalence of anxiety, depression and associated factors among pregnant women of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 55(5), 414-24. doi: 10.1177/0020764008094645
- Khalesi, Z. B., & Bokaie, M. (2018). The association between pregnancy-specific anxiety and preterm birth: a cohort study. Afri Health Sci, 18(3), 569-75. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.14
- Kiesswetter, M., Marsoner, H., Luehwink, A., Fistarol, M., Mahlknecht, A., & Duschek, S. (2019). Impairments in life satisfaction in infertility: Associations with perceived stress, affectivity, partnership quality, social support and the desire to have a child. Beha Med, 2(3), 23-27. Doi: 10.1080/08964289.2018.1564897.
- Lakatos, E., Szigeti, F. J., Ujmal, P. P., Sexty, R., & Balog, P. (2017). Anxiety and depression among infertile women: a cross-sectional survey from Hungary. BMC Women's Health. 17, 48. Doi: 10.1186/s12905-017- 0410-2.
- Mahboob, S., Shah, A., Bowen, A., Afridi, I., & Nowshad, G. et al. (2011). Prevalence of Antenatal Depression: Comparison between Pakistani and Canadian women. J Pak Med Assoc,61, 242-46.
- Meijer, J. L., Bockting, C. L., Stolk, R. P., Kotov, R., Ormel, J., & Burger, H. (2014). Associations of life events during pregnancy with longitudinal change in symptoms of antenatal anxiety and depression. Midwifery, 30, 526-31. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162851
- Nagandla, K., Nalliah, S., & Yin, L. K. et al. (2016). Prevalence and associated risk fac- tors of depression, anxiety and stress in pregnancy. Int J Reproduction, 5(7), 2380- 88. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S153273
- Nasreen, H. E., Kabir, Z. N., Forsell, Y., & Edhborg, M. (2011). Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: a population-based study in rural Bangladesh. BMC Womens Health, 11, 22. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-22.
- Nayak, S., Poddar, R., & Jahan, M. (2015). Psychological problems during advance stage of pregnancy. Int J Indian Psychol, 2, 103-13. doi:10.25215/0202.014
- Radloff, L, S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self- report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas,385(01).
- Rubertsson, C., Hellstrom, J., Cross, M., & Sydsjo, G. (2014). Anxiety in early pregnancy: Prevalence and contributing actors. Arch Womens Ment Health,17(3), 221-28. doi: 10.1007/s00737-013-0409-0.
- Rosario, M. K., Premji, S. S., & Nyanza, E. C. et al. (2017). A qualitative study of pregnancy- related anxiety among women in Tanzania. BMJ Open, 7, e016072. Doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016072.
- Roos, A., Faure, S., Lochner, C., Vythilingum, B., & Stein, D. J. (2013). Predictors of distress and anxiety during pregnancy. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg),16, 118-22. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy. v16i2.15.
- Signal, T. L., Paine, S. J., Sweeney, B. et al. (2017). The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the level of life stress and worry in new zealand mÄori and non-mÄori women in late pregnancy. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 51(2),168-76. doi: 10.1177/0004867415622406
- Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Stein, A., Pearson, R. M., Goodman, S. H., Rapa, E., Rahman, A., & McCallum, M. et al. (2014). Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet, 384, 1800- (19). doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(14)61277-0.
- Verbee, T., Arjadi, R., Vendrik, J. J., Burger, H., & Berger, M. Y. (2015). Anxiety and depression during pregnancy in Central America: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in the developing country Nicaragua. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 292. doi: 10.1186/s12888-015-0671-y
- Organization, W. (2021). mhGAP: Mental Health Gap Action Programme: scaling up care for mental, neurological and substance use disorders. 28 August 2021, http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/4380 9?show=full
- Wiweko, B., Anggraheni, U., Elvira, D. S., & Lubis, P. H. (2017). Distribution of stress level among infertility patients. Middle East Fertil Soc J, 22, 145-48. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.01.005
- Yanikkerem, E., Ay, S., Mutlu, S., & Goker, A. (2013). Antenatal depression: Prevalence and risk factors in a hospital based Turkish sample. J Pak Med Assoc, 63, (472-77). doi: 10.5455/jpma.19892
- Zakar, R., Zakar, M. Z., & Abbas, S. (2013). Domestic violence against rural women in Pakistan: an issue of health and human rights. J Family Violence,31,15-25. doi: 10.1007/s10896-015-9742-6
Cite this article
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APA : Sajjad, R., Rauf, U., & Saheed, R. (2021). Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety. Global Social Sciences Review, VI(I), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44
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CHICAGO : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. 2021. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I): 439-445 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44
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HARVARD : SAJJAD, R., RAUF, U. & SAHEED, R. 2021. Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety. Global Social Sciences Review, VI, 439-445.
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MHRA : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. 2021. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review, VI: 439-445
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MLA : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review, VI.I (2021): 439-445 Print.
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OXFORD : Sajjad, Rabia, Rauf, Umara, and Saheed, Rafit (2021), "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety", Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I), 439-445
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TURABIAN : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (2021): 439-445. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44