http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).52
10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).52
Published : Mar 1
Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions
Great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, which inspires states to enhance influence in strategically important regions. The Middle East region has always remained the centre of attraction for major powers due to its geostrategic importance and huge energy resources. The civil war in Syria is a prolonged armed conflict that began in 2011. U.S and Russia, being involved from the beginning in the conflict, have different interests and campaigns. Over the last four decades, another most important region has become a source of turmoil and unease, Afghan crises in the region that has always persisted as the source of concern for the global powers and a cornerstone for regional powers. Moscow's mistake to intervene in Afghanistan revealed its unassailable vulnerability. After the Soviet Union disintegration, Kabul has again become the focal point of US policy in the region post 9/11 terror attacks.
-
Civil War, Civilian Protests, Violence, ISIS, Chemical Weapons, United States, Russia
-
(1) Nargis Zaman
Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Arif Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Bunir, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Saiful Islam
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan.
- Barnes, G. F. (2012). The Soviet-Afghan War 1979-89 (Essential Histories) 1st ed. Osprey Publishing.
- Charles, G. (2016). Syrian Burning: A Short History of a Catastrophe. London: NY. Verso. 3-2.
- Coll, S. (2001). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin, 2004, https://www.washingtonpost.com./
- Coll, S. (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (Reprint ed.). Penguin Books. doi: 0143034669
- Gates, R. (1996). From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks
- Julian, B. (2017). Donald Trump says US relations with Russia 'may be at all-time low'. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us
- Karren, D. ( 2013). U.S. pledges to double nonlethal aid to Syrian rebels as opposition backers reach consensus. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/
- Lewis, G, J. (2005). The Cold War: A New History. New York: Penguin.
- Mark, L. (2014). U.S. Considers Resuming Non- lethal Aid to Syrian Opposition. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/worl d/middleeast/syria-aid-may-resume- despite-fears-over-where-it-will-go.html
- Payind, A. (1989). Soviet - Afghan Relations From Cooperation to Occupation. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 21(1), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380003213 x
- Robert, W, F. (2016). A Rage for Order: The Middle East in turmoil from Tahrir Square to ISIS. United States: NY. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 236.
- Robert, W, F. (2016). A Rage for Order: The Middle East in turmoil from Tahrir Square to ISIS. United States: NY. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 237.
- Saikal, A. (2004). Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival. London: I. B. Taurus.
- Scott, W. & Joby, W. (2011). Assad must go Obama says. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ assad must-go- obama says/2011/08/18/gIQAelheOJ_st ory.html?utm_term=.343823a66aeb.
- SOHR. (2017). https://www.syriahr.com/
- Sputnik. (2016). Multifaceted war in Syria and all the parties involved. https://sptnkne.ws/cghn
- Tasci, D. (2020). GAME THEORY: Importance, Applications and Contributions in International Relations. Research Paper, Research gate.
- William, T. (2017). 5 Conservative Principles for Dealing with Russia. Foreign Policy. http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/12/5 conservative- principles-for-dealing-with- russia/
- Zacharay, L. (2021). Syria's Civil War: The Descent into Horror. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/article/syrias-civil-war
Cite this article
-
APA : Zaman, N., Khan, A., & Islam, S. (2021). Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions. Global Social Sciences Review, VI(I), 516-522. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).52
-
CHICAGO : Zaman, Nargis, Arif Khan, and Saiful Islam. 2021. "Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions." Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I): 516-522 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).52
-
HARVARD : ZAMAN, N., KHAN, A. & ISLAM, S. 2021. Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions. Global Social Sciences Review, VI, 516-522.
-
MHRA : Zaman, Nargis, Arif Khan, and Saiful Islam. 2021. "Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions." Global Social Sciences Review, VI: 516-522
-
MLA : Zaman, Nargis, Arif Khan, and Saiful Islam. "Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions." Global Social Sciences Review, VI.I (2021): 516-522 Print.
-
OXFORD : Zaman, Nargis, Khan, Arif, and Islam, Saiful (2021), "Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions", Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I), 516-522
-
TURABIAN : Zaman, Nargis, Arif Khan, and Saiful Islam. "Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (2021): 516-522. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).52