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DEPRESSIONS AMONG PREGNANT FEMALES IN PUNJAB PAKISTAN EFFECT OF STATETRAIT ANXIETY

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44 Pages : 439-445

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44      10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44      Published : Mar 1

Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety

Abstract

    The objective of the study is to examine the impact of state-trait anxiety on depression among pregnant females. A crosssectional study was carried out on pregnant females of all three trimesters from March 2019 to December 2019. The study collected data from pregnant females 153 age 18 to 47 years using the purposive sampling technique. Respondents were from Government and private hospitals of two metropolitan cities of Punjab, Pakistan (Lahore and Faisalabad). All the pregnant females completed a demographic sheet, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(S-TA), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess the level of anxiety and depression among pregnant females. The SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. The regression results highlighted that state-trait anxiety positively predicted depression among pregnant women, with a 16% variance in the outcome variable. Pregnant females experience a diverse level of anxiety and stress that can have serious consequences for the childbearing women as well can make the pregnancy process more complicated if treated with early intervention.

    Pregnancy, Anxiety, Depression, Trimesters

    (1) Rabia Sajjad
    Department of Applied Psychology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Umara Rauf
    Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
    (3) Rafit Saheed
    School of Public Policy, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Sajjad, R., Rauf, U., & Saheed, R. (2021). Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety. Global Social Sciences Review, VI(I), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. 2021. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I): 439-445 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44

HARVARD

    HARVARD : SAJJAD, R., RAUF, U. & SAHEED, R. 2021. Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety. Global Social Sciences Review, VI, 439-445.

MHRA

    MHRA : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. 2021. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review, VI: 439-445

MLA

    MLA : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review, VI.I (2021): 439-445 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Sajjad, Rabia, Rauf, Umara, and Saheed, Rafit (2021), "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety", Global Social Sciences Review, VI (I), 439-445

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Sajjad, Rabia, Umara Rauf, and Rafit Saheed. "Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (2021): 439-445. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44