The differences between Urdu and English pose many challenges for learners in Pakistan. One of them is the functioning of ‘Urdu case clitics as postpositions in comparison with English prepositions’. ‘Case Theory’ by Chomsky and Lasnik in 1977 has been implemented to qualitatively analyze whether Urdu accusative, dative and instrumental case clitics can function as Urdu postpositions in comparison with English prepositions. The study's major findings demonstrate that Urdu accusative case clitic ‘KO’ as well as Urdu dative case clitic ‘KO’ do not have structural compatibility with the English preposition ‘to’, hence, cannot be determined as Urdu postpositions. However, instrumental ‘se’ case clitics are harmonious to English prepositions to be called Urdu postpositions, for their placement in a sentence in relation to the noun they are modifying. The study also concludes the recommendation of further research to analyze the semantic properties of Urdu case clitics in comparison with English prepositions.

Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) was a significant political alliance formed in 2020, comprising major opposition parties in Pakistan. The PDM came into power as a result of a 'no-confidence-motion' (NCM) against the then Prime Minister Mr Imran Khan in April 2022. The NCM and its consequences are very interesting given the fact that this 'political move' was very first of its kind in the history of Pakistan which resulted in the toppling of a democratically elected PM. The move and its subsequent political result i.e. the formation of the PDM government received a variety of coverage in the media. This study is an attempt to explore the coverage of PDM government-related issues by dailies The Dawn and The News International from February 2022 to August 2022. This research is an attempt to determine and analyze the predominant narratives produced by the selected newspapers regarding the PDM government in their editorials.

The current qualitative study was conducted to analyze the mathematics curriculum across grade levels for students’ critical thinking skills development. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the document with the facilitation of NVivo software. As per the analysis, Grades I-III cover core math concepts at an introductory level using real-life examples presented concretely. Then grades IV-VIII revisit these same ideas with more depth and add logical reasoning. Finally (IX-X) and higher secondary (XI-XII) levels aim to build a rigorous conceptual understanding of complex mathematical topics like calculus, vectors, and complex numbers as well as non-routine problem-solving capacity utilizing proof techniques and technology tools like MAPLE software. The research results show that the curriculum is indeed effective for 21st-century skills development such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and technological literacy. Students who complete this systematic program will be prepared for advanced studies or careers that require mathematical proficiency.

The research paper investigates variation in the prevalence and distribution of ‘voice’ in the spoken (presentations/interviews) and written (essays/midterm exam scripts) academic registers of BS English students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and the relation of this variation to the situational circumstances of the concerned registers. The learner corpus was constructed. The data was collected from BS English students of the twelve public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All the texts were transcribed, coded, and then analysed through the computer software AntConc (3.5.8). The present study is unique in the sense that it has conducted a comparative analysis of the various spoken and written sub-registers of English in the academic non-native environment. This study has great implications for researchers in the field of register analysis, material design, and language teaching.

Self-actualization is the aspiration of an individual to reach their full potential and make use of their abilities, talents, and capacities. However, this is not as simple a process as it may sound. The Hierarchy of Needs developed by Abraham Maslow identifies numerous levels in the process of self- actualization. Atiq Rahimi’s The Patience Stone (2008) represents the anxiety of the female protagonist in achieving self-actualization, in war-torn Afghanistan. The purpose of this research is to trace and unfold the process of self-actualization in the psychoanalytically complex female persona of "the woman". In order to achieve this goal, the study subscribes to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and certain postulates of Human Motivation theory. Moreover, the study applied a qualitative approach, blended with content analysis as a methodological tools for the analysis of the text.

The current study examines human beings versus nature in Robert Frost's and Ghani Khan's writings. Frost's contribution to nature is from English literature, whereas, Ghani Khan's anthology is an exceptional appreciation of nature from Pashto literature. Both of the literary figures illustrate nature and human's treatment of nature. Ecocriticism is used as a lens to analyze the writings of Robert Frost and Ghani Khan. Ghani Khan is labelled as a mad philosopher due to his unconventional writing style, perception of nature, and exotic expression of love. The enchanting beauty of nature and its mysterious hazards are different sides of a single coin in Frost's writings. Nature has prime importance in both of the glaring literary figures from America and Pakistan.

The study is the investigation of Biden's speech delivered at Jordan's King Abdullah II visit amid the Israel-Palestine war for an immediate ceasefire. The study aims to explore the US perspective on the Israel-Palestine war through Biden's speech. Purposive sampling of US President Biden's recent speech delivered on February 13th, 2024, is done to investigate the contemporary perspective of the US on the Israel-Palestine war using Fairclough's three-dimensional model. Findings revealed that, at the description level, values of words and grammar through contrastive schemes represent specific ideologies associated with Hamas and Israel. At the interpretation level, text and context indicate Hamas as the only one responsible for the chaos and Israel as the bearer of circumstances. At the explanation phase, the speech seems normative as the US projects its diplomatic role as a global power in sustaining peace and seems to support Israel due to shared cultural values. 

This research explores the Ecosophy of discourse produced around the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The study starts with building a corpus of texts, taken from the official website of the CPEC. The list of 18 key words was made, based on three United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) out of 17 goals. Theoretical framework of Stibbe’s (2015) ecocritical discourse perspective is used to develop the Ecosophy of the CPEC, while analytical framework is based on three UN sustainable development goals outlined in 2015. Corpus linguistics as a methodology is used to undergo quantitative and qualitative analysis. In quantitative analysis, collocates were analyzed by identifying Mutual Information (MI) score. The highest MI score (11.26013) is gained by the collocation named CPEC-Deforestation and the lowest is of CPEC-Water (0.87352) which show that the infrastructure project of the CPEC caused deforestation and less affected water.

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship among permissive parenting, self-regulation and risk-taking behaviour among adolescents. Parents displaying a permissive parenting style often let their adolescents choose what to do. Due to the lack of boundaries and rules set under permissive parenting, adolescents may view their parents as more of a friend or an equal rather than a person of authority and this leads to poor self-regulation abilities among adolescents. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study. 180 College students from the public and private colleges of Toba Tek Singh between the age range 12-18 were included in the study. PAQ developed by Buri (1991), ASRI developed by K.L (2007) Moilanen and RTSHIA by Vrouva (2010) were used. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine correlation and the predictive relationship among the variables under investigation. The results of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between permissive parenting and self-regulation among adolescents. Permissive parenting strongly predicts self-regulation among adolescents.

Paul Scott's Staying On (2005) is one of the few novels that depict the lives of British leftovers who decided to stay in India even after the Independence. Unlike The Raj Quartet (1965-75), Scott's Staying On (2005), highlights the struggle of the White and Euro-Asians in independent India. This paper will investigate the White Men and Women's burden by keeping the themes of identity crisis, socio-cultural displacement, and womanhood in view. Staying On (2005) uses alienation and mimicry to display the hybrid culture of India. It connects the story of the Quartet through the characters of Tusker and Lucy Smalley and how these British remainders struggled to maintain their identity in India. This paper will also study the residual impacts of the British Raj to display the inversion of the roles between the Occident (West) and the Orient (East).

Deep fakes stand out to be the most dangerous side effects of Artificial Intelligence. AI assists to produce voice cloning of any entity which is very arduous to categorize whether it’s fake or real. The aim of the research is to impart a spoofing detection system to an automatic speaker verification (ASV) system that can perceive false voices efficiently. The goal is to perceive the unapparent audio elements with maximum precision and to develop a model that is proficient in automatically extracting audio features by utilizing the ASVspoof 2019 dataset. Hence, the proposed ML-DL SafetyNet model is designed that delicately differentiate ASVspoof 2019 dataset voice speeches into fake or bonafide. ASVspoof 2019 dataset is characterized into two segments LA and PA. The ML-DL SafetyNet model is centred on two unique processes; deep learning and machine learning classifiers. Both techniques executed strong performance by achieving an accuracy of 90%.

Study examines teachers' perspectives on guidance and counseling in secondary schools. Teachers are backbone of education to build personality of individuals, motivate and help them chalk out future plans. A simple random sampling technique selected 170 males and females. Quantitative research technique used, and data collected through survey.The survey questionnaire was developed, and data was collected from secondary schools’ teachers. The responses of the participants of the study were entered for analysis of the data in SPSS version 22. Most of the population agreed to enhance the guidance and counseling sessions in schools as they increase student understanding and fulfill student needs. Study recommended that teachers be aware of guidance and counseling to build students who can express their thoughts, opinions and develop social skills. School administration should organize the guidance and counseling program and hire trained guidance and counseling teachers to implement the guidance and counseling sessions.

Coke Studio (CS, Pakistan) showcases a fusion of various musical genres, from traditional classical, folk, Sufi, ghazal, and qawwali to contemporary hip-hop, rock, and pop. This study explores the adaptation of folk songs within CS through Cardwell's 'meta-text' theory (2002), contending that the essence of the original text is retained in subsequent adaptations. Additionally, it examines the rhizome-like nature of these adaptations. Employing multimodality, the study analyzes folk songs from Coke Studio Season 10, utilizing auditory, visual, and spatial elements to create a cohesive artifact with broad semiotic appeal in today's globalized world. CS's immense popularity underscores its ability to balance aesthetic concerns with technological advancements. Furthermore, the study positions CS as a platform for rediscovering, reforming, and sustaining cultural heritage, catering to the new generation. By blending traditional folk with rock elements and appealing to audiences of all ages, CS bridges the gap between generations, fostering a 'third space' music as proposed by Bhabha (1994). This music is now intertwined with contemporary youth culture, contributing to the emergence of a new national identity. Thus, the adaptations of folk songs in Coke Studio serve as a contemporary reinterpretation of history and cultural heritage, connecting youth with their past while grounding them in the present.

Unmanned vehicles are simplest one of the many regions in which artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to end up a game-changing technological development. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are being incorporated into unmanned cars, along with self-riding automobiles and drones, to enhance their vision, navigation, and decision-making talents. The in-depth analysis of AI's results on autonomy, safety, performance, and societal ramifications is supplied in this paper on unmanned vehicles. This paper provides an overview of the modern-day standing of AI-enabled unmanned vehicles and shows destiny routes for studies and development in this quickly developing issue via a synthesis of current literature, case research, and technological breakthroughs.

The importance of current study is to find the effect of celebrity endorsement on brand passion and brand loyalty. Descriptive analysis, Correlation, Regression, Reliability, Frequency and Structure equation modeling applied in this analysis. An estimated hierarchical regression model was used to test the various hypotheses developed for the study. The findings showed that among consumers of clothing brands, factors such as celebrity endorsers' likeability, expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness were important in determining brand passion. The outcomes further demonstrated that brand loyalty had positively impacted by brand passion. Finally, brand passion had a significant positive mediating role between the likeability and attractiveness of celebrity endorsers and brand loyalty.The resources were fewer otherwise surveys could be done all over Pakistan. Additional effects or consequences of brand passion could not be considered, like word-of-mouth and readiness to pay higher prices. Future research may need to take these outcomes into account.

The current study aims to analyze the discursive construction and representation of the processes of cultural adaptation and identity negotiation among Pakistani students in America in Dur e Aziz Amna's novel American Fever (2022). The study utilizes Homi K. Bhabha’s concepts of hybridity and mimicry (1994) to unveil students' strategies during their stay in America. Fairclough’s three-dimensional model (1992) was also employed to examine linguistic choices underpinning power and resisting strategies used by the protagonist to establish her position in society. The findings indicate that Pakistani students adapt to American norms, contrasting their native culture. Power dynamics play a significant role in identity negotiation, as Islamophobia and the Pakistani identity of the students affect their power position in American society. The author has used evocative language, metaphors, intertextual references, and code-switching to render the complexities of cultural adaptation and manifest her resistance to prevailing ideologies, including Islamophobia and gender norms.

The study aims to contend that Sufism has long been considered in the hearts and minds of many Egyptians. People have always wanted to visit quality shrines to take Karamat or Baraka, a blessing power. The study sheds light on the importance of Sufi places for Egyptians through storytelling. Specific mosques are studied such as Al Sayida Zeinab, Al Sayida Nafisa, Sayyidna Al Hussein, Sidi Abdel Rahim El Qenawy, Sidi Al Morsi Abou El Abbas, Qubet Abou El Hawa. The focus is on the interaction between body and place in Sufi places through several questions raised throughout the study. From the stories mentioned throughout the paper, it is clear that not all Sufi Sheikhs Awliyaa are originally Egyptians. A lot of Sufis came to Egypt from all areas in the Arab World. Moreover, it was found that there is multifunctionality of a Sufi mosque and its influence on politics.

Narrative analysis serves as a potent tool to unravel the subtleties of character progression and thematic resonance within storytelling. This study investigates the character transformation of Hamlet, the iconic protagonist of William Shakespeare's "Hamlet," employing Vladimir Propp's Morphology of the Folktale as an analytical framework. Through the lens of Proppian functions, the study explores Hamlet's journey from grief-stricken prince to tormented tragic hero, shedding light on the interplay between structural narrative components and emotional development. The research employs Propp's functions ranging from Absentation and Interdiction to Violation and Struggle to dissect pivotal moments in the play. These functions elucidate Hamlet's responses to absence, his internal conflicts, and his quest for justice. By mapping Hamlet's trajectory onto Propp's archetypal functions, this study unveils the intricate relationship between narrative structure and character metamorphosis. The analysis not only deepens our understanding of "Hamlet" as a timeless masterpiece but also exemplifies the synergy between traditional character analysis and structural narrative theory.

The desire to become popular and earn money with the help of social media drives people to come up with something that is unique and interesting. Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram are the famous platforms to post and re-post desired data to get publicity, fame, and monetary benefits.The study focuses on the status of the fetus in this whole process of fame and gain. As the human fetus is considered sacred and a potential person in socio-religious and socio-ethical contexts, the act of sharing such data raises questions on the sanctity of the human fetus being used as a means to achieve some other ends which denies the worth and intrinsic value of human life. This article is an attempt to analyze these changing trends from a philosophical perspective and to determine their value and worth from the point of view of morality.

The current study aimed to compare early adult neuroticism between the sexes. Investigating the relationship between early adult neuroticism and stress, anxiety, and depression was the other objective. The current study was carried out using a cross-sectional survey research approach. Each subject was contacted directly by the researcher, and each person's data was gathered separately. The study's 200 participants included an equal number of male and female pupils. A purposive sample method was used when selecting the participants. A Big Five Inventory (BFI) subscale was used to quantify neuroticism.Generally,the BFI dependability varied from 0.80 to 0.89. The scale for stress, anxiety, and depression was also used. Among young adults, neuroticism is a positive predictor of stress, anxiety, and depression. In summary, this research offers valuable insights into how personality traits impact mental health and how neuroticism plays a part in predicting the likelihood of internalizing psychological issues in early adulthood.

A crucial part of language competency is understanding social interactions to extract pertinent semantic cues in any expression's implied meaning besides grammatical and strategic competencies (Taguchi, 2011). Teaching of pragmatics is around 40 year older concept (Chen, 2011) while it is teachable (Bardovi,1999). The purpose of any language is communication (Locke, 1975) and avoiding face-threatening responses. Penelope (1987) elaborates on ways that are used to develop positive social interaction. Politeness theory is based on the concept of "face," which refers to a person's sense of self-esteem. Penelope’s (1987) “Politeness Theory” has been used in this study as a guiding theoretical framework. A mixed method approach has been adopted for getting real insight into the matter as the development of pragmatics. The study aims to find out the better way of teaching pragmatics and the impact of implicit and explicit teaching on the pragmatic production and awareness of communicative competence (Glaser, 2009).