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Volume-VII

, Issue-II

(SPRING 2022)

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01 - Students SES status and Test anxiety of the Undergraduate University Students

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).01
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).01      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This paper was to study the relationship between socio economic status and test anxiety of undergraduate students. All the undergraduate students of all the departments of Sargodha University were the population. A sample pertaining 550 students were selected through multistage random including 181 male and 369 female students, selecting 50 students from 11 departments. Instruments were adapted so... Details

    Socioeconomic Status, Test Anxiety, Undergraduate Students

    (1) Farah Shafiq
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Ahmad Bilal Cheema
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Saifullah Khan
    Lecturer, Government College Farooka, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
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02 - Coinage of Code Meshed Numlianlect in BS English NUML Students' Informal Univers

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).02
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).02      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The first time such a newly emerged linguistic variety has been documented at NUML, Islamabad. This language variation means morphological, semantic, connotative deviations from standard linguistic norms. Contact linguistics, code meshing, diversified linguistic backgrounds and their colloquialism play their vital roles in shaping Numlianlect of BS English. The research problem faced by learners o... Details

    Language Variation, Numlianlect, Code-mixing, Code Meshing, Plurlingualism

    (1) Zafar Ullah
    Instructor Virtual University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Muhamamd Farooq Aalam
    Assistant Professor, NUML, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
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03 - Impact of Servant Leadership and Organizational Culture on Work Engagement: An E

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).03
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).03      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The study's goal is to see how servant leadership and corporate culture affect work engagement. While leadership has been proven to have an impact, the effect and procedure underlying work engagement has attracted scant attention. Despite the fact that servant leadership followers are more inclined to be involved, this is especially relevant of servant leadership. We investigate the role organizat... Details

    Organizational Culture, Servant Leadership, Employee Performance

    (1) Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
    Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Syeda Unzilla Shah
    Research Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Arif Masih Khokhar
    Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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04 - A Sociolinguistic Study of Taboos and Euphemisms Surrounding Pakistani Females'

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).04
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).04      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This research paper is an endeavor to delineate various linguistic taboos about women's physiology with a focus on both the categories and functions of taboos in Pakistani society. The aim is to bring forth myriad euphemistic expressions employed in print media. The paper contests that taboos are moderated at the expanse of society's cultural and religious norms.It also offers a rationale behind t... Details

    Euphemism, Gender Studies, Orthophemism, Sociolinguistics, Taboo

    (1) Ayesha Izhar Chaudhri
    Lecturer, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Tazanfal Tehseem
    Assistant Professor, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Barirah Nazir
    Lecturer, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
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05 - Perception about Body Image Media Advertisements among Female Students in Twin C

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).05
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).05      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This study is about positive body image campaigns broadcasted on Pakistani television which have attained much attention for creating awareness about women's body shaming. Media conveys and promotes socio-cultural values and societal stereotypes pertaining to body shape and size that create the perception of the ideal man and woman among individuals. Therefore, body image has become an important i... Details

    Body Positivity, Body Shaming, Media Campaigns, Mental Health, Self-esteem

    (1) Qaisar Khan
    Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Arts and Media Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Sher Akbar
    Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
    (3) Kiran Tauseef
    Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
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06 - Social Justice in Higher Education: Revisited, Practices, and Grievances

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).06
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).06      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Social justice is a fundamental concern for ideal social structure and human rights. To develop social order and philosophical discourses, higher education is one of the holistic approaches to educating it. It elevates the level of idealized modern state formation among students. The present study was designed to examine the contexts of students about practices and malpractices of social justice i... Details

    Social Justice, Higher Education, Social Oppression, Injustice, Human Rights

    (1) Ghulam Dastgir
    PhD Scholar, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Khuda Bakhsh
    Assistant Professor, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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07 - Analyzing the Head Teacher and School Performance with the Lens of Head Teachers

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).07
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).07      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    It is assumed that the qualification plays an important role in performing any task. This study was carried out to investigate the performance of schools and head-teachers in concern with head teacher's qualification. The performance of head-teachers was measured as viewed by their teachers so secondary school teachers were the source of data for this study. The population was divided into two str... Details

    Head-teachers, Qualification, Performance, Secondary Schools

    (1) Muhammad Nadeem Anwar
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
    (2) Abida Parveen
    Lecture, Department of Education, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Khaliq Rizwan
    PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
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08 - Impact of Religious Tourism on the Development of Smokeless Industry in Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).08
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).08      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The purpose of this research paper is to examine the Impact of Religious Tourism on the development 'smokeless industry' that has the potential of igniting significant economic activity, thus creating employment,generating investment, and reducing poverty. The present study is descriptive in nature. Data were collected in view of facts reported in the secondary sources, including news items, natio... Details

    Religious Tourism, Kartarpur Corridor, Smokeless Industry, Economic Development, Religious Harmony

    (1) Naila Masood Ahmad
    Assistant professor, Business Studies Department, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Ramsha Sohail
    M. Phil. Scholar, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Masood Ahmad
    Chief Instructor, National Institute of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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09 - The Role of Salience and Common Grounds in Intercultural Communication: A Descri

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).09
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).09      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Jokes are specific discourses that contain cultural, historical and region-specific references. In order to understand the salience of these discourses, the common ground of interlocutors is significantly important. The current study explores how non-natives English speakers comprehend English jokes. In addition, it aims to know the difficulties and the lexical issues encountered by Pakhtoon and S... Details

    Jokes, Salience, lexical Issues, Culture, Socio-Cognitive Approach, Interpreting Humour

    (1) Hajra Arshad
    PhD Scholar, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Ejaz Mirza
    Assistant Professor, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Memona Fida
    Lecturer, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
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10 - Relationship Between the Kinematical Factors and The Ball Velocity of the Penalt

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).10
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).10      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of the kinematical factors with the ball velocity of the drag flick performance of the national elite players in field hockey. To attain this purpose, 64 drag flicks of sixteen players were recorded and analyzed through the VICON motion capture system and MATLAB software. The descriptive statistics and Spear man correlation were computed for sta... Details

    Kinematics, Ball Velocity, Drag Flick, Penalty Corner, Hockey

    (1) Rabia Wali
    Department of Physical Education, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Yasmeen Iqbal
    Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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11 - Thematic Analysis of The Wandering Falcon: A Representative Pakistani Anglophone

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).11
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).11      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Jamil Ahmad's The Wandering Falcon (2011) offers a striking example of the ways in which historical and political contexts impact the reception of Pakistani Anglophone fiction due to its unique publication history. Ahmad creates a correlation between identity, language, and physiognomy of individuals through Tor Baz, whose identity continuously passes through the process of change in the frigid tr... Details

    The Wandering Falcon, Pakistani Anglophone Fiction, Pakistani literature in English

    (1) Barirah Nazir
    Lecturer in English, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Aneela Gill
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (3) Muhammad Riaz Khan
    Lecturer in English, BZU Bahadur Sub-campus, Layyah, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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12 - A Study to Investigate the Sustainability Consciousness of Prospective Teachers

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).12
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).12      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The current study investigates the student-teachers' sustainability consciousness in the Pakistan context. For this purpose, public sector universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad region offering four years undergraduate teacher-education programs were selected. The population of the current study were all the 1259 student-teachers studying in these public sector universities. A total population s... Details

    Sustainability Consciousness, Student-teachers, Education for Sustainable Development

    (1) Ayesha Nousheen
    Ph.D. Scholar, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Farkhanda Tabassum
    Assistant Professor, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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13 - FDI and Wage Nexus: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).13
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).13      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Foreign capital inflows resulted in overall economic growth in many countries, but there are many concerns about its distributive effects,especially on fluctuating wages, which are still being investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic industry wages using micro-level data from Pakistan from 1996-97 to 2007-08. Foreign firms are exp... Details

    Foreign Direct Investment; Wage Premium; Manufacturing Sector; Pakistan

    (1) Qamer un-Nisa
    Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Jabbar Ul-Haq
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Nazia Nazeer
    Assistant Professor, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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14 - A Comparative Analysis of Single Nation Curriculum with the Previous National Cu

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).14
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).14      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The current paper critically reviews the Single Nation Curriculum to verify the claims made by the document after its launching in 2020 as being the first policy document for educational reformation at the national level after several decades. The analysis compares the document with the National Curriculum (2006) which has been acknowledged as the main reference document in the preparation of the ... Details

    Single Nation Curriculum, Curriculum, Assessment, Teaching Methodology, Pedagogy

    (1) Jabreel Asghar
    Faculty Member, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,
    (2) Asif Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Begum Nusrat Bhutto University for Women, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan.
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15 - Built Heritage of Mansehra Through the Ages and Prospects of Tourism

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).15
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).15      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The district of Mansehra, which is located on the historic Silk Road,has a long history of traditions. Several dynasties governed this region in the past, leaving their footprints in the form of heritage remnants. Hindus, Muslims,Sikhs, and British are the most noticeable among them. The current paper examines a few of these monuments and makes recommendations for how they may be used as tourist a... Details

    Mansehra, Heritage, Tourism, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    (1) Adnan Anwar
    Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Junaid Bashir
    Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Anas Mahmud Arif
    Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
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16 - Human Capital and Foreign Remittances in Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).16
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).16      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This study analyzes the effects of foreign remittance on human capital by using the pooled data collected from HIES data sets, from 1998/99 to 2018/19. Two proxies (e.g., 1- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 15 years and above, 2- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 25 and above) are used for human capital. The panel data techniques, like Fixed effect,Random effect model, GLS regress... Details

    Human Capital, Education, Foreign Remittances, Per Capita Income, Pakistan

    (1) Muhammad Yasir Nadeem
    Ph.D. Scholar, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Ahmed Raza Cheema
    Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
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17 - An Analytical Study of Iqbal's Connection with Kashmir

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).17
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).17      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a great figure of the Islamic world and the west in the 20th century. Iqbal was a philosopher, politician, Islamic scholar and a great poet. Iqbal has always spoken of love, brotherhood and tolerance. Iqbal was of Kashmiri descent, a true friend of Kashmir, a compassionate man and a great liberal leader. He took an active part in the freedom struggle of Kashmiris against ... Details

    Iqbal, Connection, Kashmir, Poetry, Freedom Struggle

    (1) Amar Jahangir
    Junior Lecturer/Research Associate, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Anbrin Khawaja
    Assistant Professor, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Umer Yaqoob
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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18 - Comparison and Analysis of Health Care Delivery System: Pakistan Versus Russia

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).18
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).18      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Health Care Delivery System, also abbreviated as HCDS, is a system devised by the state for the proper delivery of health care for their populations.This is a service providing system in which society's health is determined and steps are taken to maintain it. The aim of this article is to compare the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) of Pakistan and Russia. This research article presents the basic... Details

    Delivery System, Health Care, Pakistan, Russia

    (1) Shaheen Nazakat
    College of Nursing, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Sajid
    Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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19 - Exploring the relationship between digital literacy skills and Technological Ped

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).19
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).19      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    There is an increasing demand for teachers to present technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) in their classrooms with the help of their digital literacy skills (DLS). Though the teachers at the secondary school level are provided with digital gadgets, however, the teachers are still struggling with the use of digital tools during the teaching-learning process. Lack of digital lite... Details

    Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge TPACK, digital pedagogy, Digital Literacy (DL)

    (1) Ruzina khan
    MPhil Graduate, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Fariha Gul
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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20 - Unveil the Dilemma: Run Away Children

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).20
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).20      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    "Runaway children" is a growing issue. Print, electronic, and social media highlighted and reported many cases daily. Multidimensional factors are responsible. This study aims to highlight the factors responsible behind and to suggest solutions for families and persons concerned. The assessment of the factors is based on the statements of runaway children. The empirical work focused on 50 children... Details

    Runaway Children, Violence at Home, School/Work Place, Socioeconomic Status, Poverty

    (1) Bushra Yasmeen
    Associate Professor, School of Sociology, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Ramzan
    Assistant Professor, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Shadab Iqbal
    Lecturer, School of Sociology, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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21 - International Commercial Arbitration: Ambiguities Pertaining to Choice of Law, R

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).21
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).21      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The lack of legal instruments and regulations pertaining to the coordination of the arbitral awards and the decisions of courts highlights problems facing the implementation of arbitral awards in foreign jurisdictions.Since commercial arbitration is a discourse of international character which invariably involves parties from different jurisdictions, the case resultantly gives rise to issues such ... Details

    Commercial Arbitration, Choice of Law, Lis Alibi Pendens, Enforcement of Foreign Awards

    (1) Aamir Abbas
    Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Atika Lohani
    Assistant Professor, College of Law, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Samza Fatima
    Associate Professor, Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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22 - A Study to Investigate the Issues Facing Teachers in ECE Assessment

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).22
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).22      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This research was undertaken to investigate the problems teachers experience in ECE assessment. A qualitative research design with semi-structured interviewing was undertaken. The study's intent was to identify the assessment techniques used by ECE teachers to assess their students' learning during class. All primary level private schools in urban areas of Lahore were considered as the population ... Details

    ECE, Assessment, Challenges, Students, Teachers, Education

    (1) Hina Akbar
    Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Shabana Manzoor
    Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Hafiza Gulnaz Fatima
    Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan.
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23 - Investigating Marginalization, Loss, Trauma and Resilience of Third World Women

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).23
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).23      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The current research elegantly examines the majority of the time,enveloping the reader in a dreamscape of currencies, parrots, and exquisite meals. Joshi's narrating technique is captivating and the time passes quickly in the globe she has created. Nevertheless, her prose occasionally devolves into elaborate cramps and there are omissions and inconsistencies in her portrayal of the class structure... Details

    Marginalization, Self-Identity, Cultural Identity, Trauma and Resilience of Third World Women.

    (1) Muhammad Ali
    Lecturer in English, Govt. Graduate College, Chowk Azam Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Ahmad
    Lecturer in English, KAIMS International Law College Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Ramsha Zabta
    Head of English Department, KAIMS International Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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24 - Nasalization in the Urdu Language: Assimilation and Gemination Patterns of Words

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).24
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).24      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This study aims to explore the assimilation and germination phenomenon of words having "/n/". The auto segment-al Theory of (Goldsmith,1976) is used as a theoretical framework. (Alkumet, 2020) have elaborated‘Auto segment-al theory that phonetics presentation is an aggregation of supra-segment-al parts of speech, which have some initial problem of how the multiple levels of... Details

    Nasalization, Assimilation, Gemination, Phoneme, Nasal Sound

    (1) Anam Shahid
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Taiyyiba Bibi
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Mubashir Iqbal
    Lecturer, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
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25 - The Politics of Alliances During Ayub's Era of Controlled Democracy (1958-1969)

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).25
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).25      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The political system of Pakistan is comprised of a multi-party system; therefore, the formation of alliances and counter alliances by the political parties is a common feature of its political culture. Pakistan's political history reveals that alliances are formed against authoritarian military regimes.The alliances were also formed to cope with the civilian administration of popular leaders, as t... Details

    Political Parties, Alliances, Political System, Opposition, Election, Authoritarian, Dictatorship

    (1) Iltaf Khan
    Subject Specialist in Pakistan Study, Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Safina
    M. Phil Scholar (Pakistan Study), Qurtaba University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Attia Quresh
    Lecturer in Pakistan Studies, Women University Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
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26 - Development and Validation of Students' Learning Experiences (SLE) Scale at High

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).26
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).26      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This study aimed at the development and validation of a research instrument for students learning experiences (SLE) at the higher education level in the public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected on three constructs as students learning experiences inside the classroom,outside the classroom and on-campus. The factors in students learning experiences inside the classroom fa... Details

    Students Learning Experiences, Campus Experiences, Outside Classroom Learning Experiences, Higher Education. Instrument Developmen

    (1) Muhammad Ihsan
    PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Muhammad Shahid Farooq
    Professor and Chairman DASE, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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27 - Influence of Ethical Leadership on DSIW of Employees: A Study on Healthcare Work

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).27
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).27      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    COVID-19 has brought severe impacts on societies for a protracted period of time. The purpose of the current study is to examine the antecedents of societal behavior in employees to enable them to bring positive change to societal well-being through their work. Drawing on the signalling theory, the current study investigated the association between ethical leadership and the desire to have a signi... Details

    Ethical leadership, COVID-19, DSIW, POS

    (1) Sehrish Ilyas
    Department of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration % Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Ghulam Abid
    Assistant Professor, Department of Business Studies, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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28 - Workplace Environment and Job Satisfaction of Academicians; A Cross-Sectional An

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).28
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).28      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The prime objective of this study was to determine the effect of the workplace environment on the job satisfaction of teaching faculty. This study was quantitative and based on a cross-sectional research design. In this study,the workplace environment was used as an independent variable, while the job satisfaction of the teachers was treated as the dependent variable. The population of the study w... Details

    Workplace Environment, Job Satisfaction, Academicians

    (1) Muhammad Hamad Sarwar
    M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Leadership & Management Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Tariq Mahmood Khan
    Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Muhammad Naveed Jabbar
    Head of the Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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29 - Is FinTech a Savior in COVID-19? Evidence from an Emerging Economy

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).29
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).29      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This research empirically examines the factors affecting the intention to use FinTech applications during the pandemic situation. The convenient sampling of the research comprised 546 individual respondents from different cities in Pakistan. The research results indicate that perceived benefits and social influence have significantly affected the customer's intentions to use FinTech applications d... Details

    FinTech Use, Perceived Risk, Social Influence, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Trust etc.

    (1) Khurram Ashfaq
    College of Commerce Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Adil Riaz
    Lecturer, Government College University Faisalabad (Sub-Campus Hafizabad), Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Usman Haider
    M.Phil. Scholar, College of Commerce, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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30 - Analysing Household Determinants of Poverty Eradication: A Microdata Analysis

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).30
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).30      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The current study is an attempt to explore the micro determinants of poverty eradication in Pakistan. The probit model has been used on the data obtained from Pakistan Standard Living Measurement Survey 2019-20. The results indicate that access to drinking water, availability of sanitation and hygiene facilities, holding an agricultural land, having livestock in possession,household size and being... Details

    Poverty, Inequality, Probit, Capability Approach

    (1) Jazib Mumtaz
    PhD Scholar, Faculty of Social Science, SZABIST, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (2) Sayed Irshad Hussain
    Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Science, SZABIST, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (3) Zulfiqar Ali Keeryo
    PhD Economics, Ex-Economic Growth Advisor, Research and Training Wing, Planning and Development Department, Government of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan
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31 - Biometric Attendance Management System: A University Perspective

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).31
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).31      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Employees working in the workplace are electronically monitored in this digital age of globalization and digitization. Managing attendance by old-style methods is a tedious job putting signatures on attendance registers these days. Universities working under the influence of digitization have adopted bio metric attendance management systems. This study is an attempt to study the advantages and dis... Details

    Biometric, Attendance, Management System, University, Perspective

    (1) Inayatullah Kakepoto
    Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (2) Niaz Ahmed Bhutto
    Department of Sociology, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
    (3) Aamir Iqbal Umrani
    Department of Business Administration, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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32 - Social and Political Suppression of Common People in the Current Developing Coun

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).32
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).32      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The study examines the nexus of the ruling party's slogans in the state of Oceania, "war is peace, ignorance is strength, freedom is slavery" in George Orwell's novel 1984 to the present societies in developing countries, using the lens of Marxism. Sufyan Al-Dmour states; Three different classes are present in the depicted novel: the ruling class, which is echoed by the Inner Party; Outer Party re... Details

    Totalitarianism, 1984. Slavery, Exploitation, Surveillance, Propaganda, Control, Marxism

    (1) Raees Khan
    Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan
    (2) Farooq Shah
    Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Saddam Ul Islam
    M.Phil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
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33 - Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teac

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Global citizenship entails individuals having an immaculate sense of duty towards the benefit of all societies and just not to their own. This qualitative study explored the beliefs of 16 pre-service teachers about global citizenship, its impact on secondary school students, the framework of action they intend to use in cultivating global citizenship, and the strategic involvement of stakeholders ... Details

    Citizenship education; Global Citizenship; Pre-service teachers; Phenomenological case study

    (1) Tayyaba Khalid
    M.Phil. Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Yaar Muhammad
    Assistant Professor, Government College University for Women, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Malahat Siddiqui
    Research Associate, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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34 - Posthumanism and Dystopian Biotechnologies: A Subtext of Ideological Maneuvering

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).34
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).34      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go (Never) exposes the oppressive role of ideology in imploding human identity through societal training, education, and the social roles of clones in the human world. Cloning is another marvel of biotechnology which has given birth to many optimistic as well as pessimistic narratives. The post human narrative is central to dystopia as it tends to put forward the regressive... Details

    Clones, Commodification, Dystopian Biotechnologies, Implosion, Identity, Ideological Maneuvering, Other, Social Stratification.

    (1) Muhammad Mahmood Ahmad Shaheen
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Sadiq Egerton Graduate College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Sohail Ahmad Saeed
    Assistant Professor, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Ahmad Naeem
    Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan
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35 - Exchange Rate, Monetary Policy and Balance of Trade: An Empirical Investigation

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).35
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).35      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The current study investigates the real influence of the rate of exchange in real terms, GDP in real terms, money supply and infrastructure on the balance of trade in Pakistan by employing Johnson co-integration and ECM. The real GDP and infrastructure positively affected mini missing the gap of trade deficit to improve the trade performance of the economy of Pakistan.In contrast, the factor of ef... Details

    Trade Balance, Exchange Rate, Annual Data

    (1) Allah Bux Lakhan
    Lecturer, Government Degree College Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (2) Zulfiqar Ali Keeryo
    Economic Growth Advisor, Research and Training Wing, Planning and Development Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Sindh, Pakista
    (3) Jazib Mumtaz
    PhD Scholar, Department of Social Sciences Economics, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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36 - Organizational Innovation Management: Traces from Previous Literature

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).36
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).36      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This review study consolidates the academic research on innovation management literature in relation to the innovative behaviour of employees.This study is based on a systematic review of the literature published on the topic of innovation management and employees' roles during the last 36 years(from 1990-2022). This review comprises '118' studies, including Empirical papers, Review papers and Con... Details

    Components of Innovative Behavior, Innovation Management, Innovative Roles

    (1) Saima Ulfat
    PhD Scholar, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Amani Moazzam
    Assistant Professor, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Yaamina Salman
    Professor, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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37 - Anxiety and Academic Performance of Undergraduate University Students

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).37
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).37      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Aim of the study was to find out the relationship between anxiety with academic performance of undergraduate university students. The study was conducted for the objectives; (i) to find out the anxiety level of undergraduate university students. (ii) to identify the level of achievement scores (GPA) and co-curricular activities of undergraduate university students, and (iii) to find out the relati... Details

    Anxiety, Academic Performance & Undergraduate University Students

    (1) Muhammad Naveed Khalid
    Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Farah Shafiq
    Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Mushtaq Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
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38 - The Work Engagement and Job Characteristics: Systematic Review and Guidelines fo

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).38
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).38      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This systematic review of forty articles aims to synthesise the increasing number of work done on work engagement and job characteristics by analysing the preferred sources from 2017 to 2021. The research studies were carefully chosen according to the researcher's inclusion criteria. The all-encompassing review of the literature has included an introduction,significance, and review of 'job charact... Details

    Job Characteristics, Job Characteristics Theory, Job Demand Resource Theory, Systematic Review, Work Engagement

    (1) Maryam Gull
    Assistant Professor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Aliya Ahmed
    Dean of Business School, National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA and E), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Sobia Hassan
    Department of Public Administration, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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39 - The Economic Analysis of Poultry Farming in District Lasbela, Balochistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).39
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).39      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Considering the significance of the poultry industry, the study tried to evaluate the economic viability of poultry farmers in the Lasbela district of Balochistan. Furthermore, the study also estimated the profitability of the numerous players engaged in the poultry industry. A sum of seventy-five poultry farmers, intermediaries, and retailers was interviewed using aconvenience sampling technique.... Details

    Poultry Production, Farmers, Intermediaries, and Retailers Lasbela, Balochistan

    (1) Imran Khan
    PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan.
    (2) Saima Liaqat
    Lecturer, Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Khalid Khan
    Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan.
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40 - The Effects of Devaluation of Currency on Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).40
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).40      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This study looks into how the devaluation of the Pakistani currency affected remittances (REM) and economic growth (EG) in Pakistan. The study also looks at how REM affects the link between the devaluation of the currency and the growth of the economy in Pakistan Over the course of 45 years, from 1972 to 2016. The study uses Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) for examining the relationsh... Details

    Devaluation, Remittances, Economic Growth, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL)

    (1) Naveed Ali
    Department of Economics & Development Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
    (2) Izhar Ul Hassan
    Government of Pakhtunkhwa Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Abdul Wahab
    Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
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41 - Students' Perception of Decision-Making Styles at University Level in Punjab

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).41
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).41      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The current study aims to investigate students' perceptions of decision-making styles carried out in Punjab. All the students from the education department/institute of the government universities were the population of the study. For this purpose, seven universities which offer B.Ed. (Hons.) the program was selected randomly, and students (last semesters) were the study participants. The data was... Details

    Decision, Decision-making Styles, University, Students, Self-realisation

    (1) Noor Ul Ain
    PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Abid Hussain Ch.
    Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
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42 - Informal Bases of Formalisation in Pakistan: Recording the Lived Experiences of

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).42
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).42      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This paper focuses on exploring the way ingrained cultural wisdom and mechanisms provide the base for actualising official roles in formal organisations. Most of the formal interactions and transactions are made through personalised dealings (Qadeer, 1999). Some senior scholars feel that such cultural wisdom/mechanisms (like VB) are not relevant anymore (Chaudhary, 1999), but the current research ... Details

    Convergence-divergence, Female Teachers, School, Vartan Bhanji, Indigenous Wisdom, Pakistan

    (1) Noreen Saher
    Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Hadiba Kanwal
    Lecturer, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Nimra Nimra
    Lecturer, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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43 - Exploration of Drainage and Sanitary Conditions at Mithi, Sindh, Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).43
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).43      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    In developing nations, access to essential utilities presents a dual problem, particularly in rural areas. A little over 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity, while 2.6 billion rely on traditional biomass cooking methods. It is not possible to solve the current energy crisis solely by promoting particular technologies or switching to alternative fuels. Mithi, one of the most developed tow... Details

    Mithi, Sindh, Sanitation, Water Supply, Drainage

    (1) Gopal Das
    Department of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (2) Hina Marvi
    Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
    (3) Mehnaz Soomro
    Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
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44 - Development And Validation of Students' Academic Performance Scale For Higher Se

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).44
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).44      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive instrument to measure the holistic academic performance of higher secondary school-level students in Pakistan. Data were collected from 1035 higher secondary school level students enrolled in public sector colleges and higher secondary schools. Content validity was determined by eight national and international experts' opinions. Th... Details

    Students' Academic Performance, Higher Secondary School Level, Individual Performance, Group Performance, Holistic Performance

    (1) Maria Saima Jabir
    PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Shahid Farooq
    Professor & Chairman, Department of Advanced Studies in Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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45 - Risk Managing Technique in Pakistan Industry: A Case from Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).45
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).45      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This study examines the risk management solutions used in the banking sector to meet the many risks. The report also evaluates how  conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan manage risk. This study used primary sources. First, senior managers, risk managers, and chief risk officers from Islamic and normal banks fill out a questionnaire. 51 financial institutions responded. Data analysis uses... Details

    Islamic Banks, Conventional Banks, Risks, Risk Management, Pakistan

    (1) Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan
    Assistant Professor, Hasan Murad School of Management, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Sheikh Khurram Abid
    Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Rubeena Tashfeen
    Associate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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46 - Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Socio-economically Vulnerable People of Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).46
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).46      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Presently COVID-19 and its socio-economic impacts are burning and debatable issues around the world. This research aimed at investigating the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on people with vulnerable socio-economic conditions. The research was conducted in two union councils i.e. Koper and Hero Shah of Tehsil Dargai District Malakand, KP Pakistan. The data was collected through an in-depth interv... Details

    COVID-19, pandemic, vulnerable, socio-economic, livelihood

    (1) Muhammad Kaleem
    Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Bahadar Sher
    PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Dilkash Sapna
    Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
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47 - Escapism in the Poetry of John Keats and Akhtar Sherani: A Comparative Study

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).47
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).47      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This paper depicts escapism as a romantic element in the poetry of a British English poet John Keats and a Pakistani Urdu poet Akhtar Sherani. Although they belong to different ages, the early 19th century and 20th century respectively, still have many commonalities. This work discusses their selected poems and compares them to find out their similar romantic traits. The selected poetry of Akhtar ... Details

    John Keats, Akhtar Sherani, Romanticism, Poetry, and Comparison

    (1) Waqas Ahmad
    Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Ayaz Ahmad Aryan
    Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Sana Riaz
    Demonstrator, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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48 - Challenges & Suggestions of Online Teaching: Opinions of Public and Private

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).48
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).48      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Online learning has transformed higher education. Many empirical studies have been done on the challenges with online courses, but few have presented an overview. We reviewed the literature using Cooper's framework. Concerns were found to be common in three large groups: online students, teachers, and people who make materials. Online education had problems because students had different ideas abo... Details

    Online Teaching, Public and Private Universities, Pakistan, Education, Students, Teachers, Online Education

    (1) Farah Latif Naz
    Lecturer, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Abdul Wahab
    Lecturer, Institute of Education and Research , University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
    (3) Abdul Raheem
    Department of Disaster Management and Development Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
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49 - Gender Jihad: The Hermeneutical Resistance of Muslim Feminists against Conservat

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).49
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).49      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    Muslims feminists contend that they possess the intellectual capacity to challenge conservative juristic notions and patriarchal narratives regarding their roles and talents. They believe that gender-biased negative stereotypes have gone unquestioned owing to the dominance of male scholars in the hermeneutical domain. Scholars like Hibba Raouf, Amina Wadud and Farhat Hashmi confidently argue that ... Details

    Exegetical Methodology, Quranic Worldview, Patriarchal Lens, Polygamy, Andocentric Religious Worldview, Conservative Ulama, Nushuz, Shariah

    (1) Saeed Akhtar
    Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Adnan Khan
    Assistant Professor Department of Sociology, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Usman Khan
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
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50 - Representation of Diasporic Identity in Nadeem Aslam's Maps For Lost Lovers and

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).50
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).50      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    he current research analyzes Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers and Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire in the light of the concept of ambivalence, hybridity, and mimicry, and the way these texts establish a connection with trans-culturalism, terrorism, and Islamophobia. If Shamsie’s novel Home Fire highlights the issue of fundamentalism and its effect on the distorted image of Muslim im... Details

    Diaspora Identity, Nadeem Aslam, Map for Lost Lovers, Kamila Shamsie, Home Fire, Novels

    (1) Muhammad Saqib
    Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Mustanir Ahmad
    Associate Professor, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Laraib Rahat
    Lecturer, English Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
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51 - A Study on the Organizational Commitment of Teachers and their Classroom Perform

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).51
10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).51      Published : Jun 2022

Abstract

    This study investigates the influence of the organizational commitment of male and female secondary school teachers on student outcomes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives were to determine instructors' commitment levels towards their employers' organizations and their own professional development. The study to find the correlation between teachers' organizational commitment and students' learni... Details

    Organizational Behaviour, Organizational Commitment, Demographic Factors

    (1) Shafqat Ullah
    Lecturer, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Abdul Wahab
    Lecturer, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Farid Ullah Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
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