BILINGUAL IDENTITY OF PASHTOON IMMIGRANTS INSIGHTS FROM LAHORE

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).01      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).01      Published : Dec 4
Authored by : Amina Khalid , Arshad AliKhan

01 Pages : 1-14

References

  • Baloch, S. (2018). BBC Urdu. https://www.bbc.com/urdu/search/?q=
  • Barkhuizen, G. (2006). Immigrant parents' perceptions of their children's language practices: Afrikaans speakers living in New Zealand. Language Awareness, 15, 63-77. DOI: 10.1080/09658410608668851
  • Bartolomé, L. I. (2015). Bilingualism. In J.S, Rutledge. D.M, Smith. A.D, Rizova. P.S, X.H (Eds). In the Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. DOI: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Burki, A., Memon, R., & Mir, K. (2015). Multiple Inequalities and Policies to Mitigate Inequality Traps in Pakistan. https://www.oxfam.org/en/research/multiple-inequalities-and-policies-mitigateinequality-traps-pakistan
  • Bussmann, H. (2000). Routledge dictionary of language and linguistics. Routledge: London.
  • Caldas, S., & Caron-Caldas, S. (2002). A sociolinguistic analysis of the language preferences of adolescent bilinguals: Shifting allegiances and developing identities. Applied Linguistics, 23, 490-514. DOI: 10.1093/applin/23.4.490
  • Chen, R. (2016). Language Policy, Ideology, and Identity: A Qualitative Study of University-Level Chinese Heritage Language Learners. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Arizona State University, Arizona.
  • Chin, N.B, & Wigglesworth, G. (2007). Bilingualism: An Advanced Resource Book. New York: Routledge.
  • Choi, J. (2015). Identity and language: Korean speaking Korean, Korean-American speaking Korean and English? Language and Intercultural Communication, 15:2, 240-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2014.993648
  • Connelly, F.M. & Clandinin, D.J. (1990) Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher, 19, 2-14. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X019005002
  • Crable, B. (2010). Language. In R. Jackson & M. Hogg (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Identity (pp. 417-421). Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage.
  • Cunningham, H. (1988). Kaigaishijo Kyoiku Jijo. Tokyo: Shicho Sensho.
  • David, A. (2014). A Descriptive Grammar of Pashto & its Dialect. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • De Houwer, A. (1999). Environmental factors in early bilingual development: The role of parental beliefs and attitudes. In G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Bilingualism and migration (pp. 75- 96). Berlin: de Gruyter
  • Dopke, S. (1988). The role of parental teaching techniques in bilingual German-English families. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 72, 101-112. Mouton de Gruyter
  • Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 4(1),97-98. DOI: 10.1525/jlin.1994.4.1.97
  • Fries, S. (1998). Different phases: A personal case study in language adjustment and children's bilingualism. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 133, 129-141. DOI:
  • Fuller, M. (2007). Language Choice as a Means of Shaping Identity. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 17 (1): 105-129. doi:10.1525/jlin.2007.17.1.105
  • Gao, K.B. (2017). Dynamics of language contact in China: Ethnolinguistic diversity and variation in Yunnan (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Thesisi Global database.
  • Gibbons, J, & Ramirez, E. (2004). Maintaining a Minority Language: A Case Study of Hispanic Teenagers. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Hogg, A., & Abrams, D. (1998). Social Identifications: A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes. London: Routledge
  • Hornberger, N., & Molina, S. (2004). Quechua language shift, maintenance and revitalization in the Andes: The case for language planning. International Journal of the Sociology of Language,167, 9-67. DOI.10.1515/ijsl.2004.025. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1998.133.129
  • Khan, A, A. Khalid, A. Abid, F. (2019). Practices of Multicultural Education among the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at University of Management and Technology Lahore. Global Regional Review. IV(IV), 194 ‒ 207
  • Khan, A. A. & P. Muysken. (2014) Strategies for incorporating nouns and verbs in code-mixing: the case of Pashto-English bilingual speech. Lapudum 18 (special issue on bilingualism and language contact), P. 97- 137.
  • Khan, A. A. Anees, M. Rahman, G. (2020). The Patterns of Code-Switching in Pashto-English Bilingual Data. Global Social Science Review, V(I),123 ‒ 133.
  • Khan, A. A. Khalid, A. (2018). Pashto-English Code switching: Testing the Morphosyntactic Constraints of the MLF Model. Lingua-Elsevier 201, 78-91
  • Khan, A.A & Bukhari, H.N. (2014). Descriptive Study of Compound Verbs and Light Verbs Constructions in Pashto-English Code Switching. Kashmir Journal of Language and Research. 17 (2), 2-14
  • Khan, A.A & Bukhari, H.N. (2015). Pashto-English Code switching: A Device for Indigenization and the use of Loanwords. Kashmir Journal of Language and Research, 18 (3), 128-142 ISSN-1028- 6640.
  • Khan, A.A. (2011). Social Factors and English Code-mixing in Pashto Language. Germany: LapPublishing
  • Khan, A.A. Bukhari, H.N. & Khalid, A. (2018). Pashto-English Bilingual data: Testing the Diagnostic Features for the Patterns of Codemixing. Kashmir Journal of Language and Research, 21(1), 39-59 ISSN-1028-6640.
  • Khan, A.A. Bukhari, H.N., Khalid, A., Abbas, N.S. (2019). The prediction of morphemes distribution at surface and abstract level: the case of Embedded Language nonfinite verbs Pashto-English Bilingual data, Kashmir Journal of Language and Research, 22 (2), 1-19. ISSN-1028-6640.
  • King, K., & Fogle, L. (2006). Bilingual parenting as good parenting: Parents' perspectives on family language policy for additive bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9, 695-712.
  • Li, X. (1999). How Can Language Minority Parents Help Their Children Become Bilingual in Familial Context? A Case Study of a Language Minority Mother and Her Daughter. Bilingual Research Journal, 23:2-3, 211-223. DOI: 0.1080/15235882.1999.10668687
  • Luykx, A. (2003). Weaving languages together: Family language policy and gender socializations in bilingual Aymara households. In R. Bayley & S. Schecter (Eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies (pp. 25-43). Clevendon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Myers-Scotton, C. (2007). Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism. Carlton: Blackwell.
  • Nguyen, T. (2018): Bilingual identity of ethnic minority students: Insights from Vietnam, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, DOI:10.1080/13670050.2018.1445697.
  • Nguyen, T., & Hamid, M. O. (2017a). Bilingualism as a Resource: Language Attitudes of Vietnamese Ethnic Minority Students. Current Issues in Language Planning, 5, 1-20. doi:10.1080/14664208.2017.1337922.
  • Okita, T. (2002). Invisible work: Bilingualism, language choice and childrearing in intermarried families. Amsterdam: Benjamins
  • Park, H. (2008). Linguistic Minority Children's Heritage Language Learning and Identity Struggle. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Thesisi Global database.
  • Petrovic, E. (2015). A Post-Liberal Approach to Language Policy in Education. 41. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Spolsky, B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tannenbaum, M., Berkovich, M. (2005). Family Relations and Language Maintenance: Implications for Language Educational Policies. Lang Policy, 4, 287-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-005- 7557-7
  • Thomason & Grey, S. (2001a). Language contact. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Verhoeven, L. (1997). Acquisition of literacy by immi-grant children. In C. Pontecorvo (Ed.),
  • Webster, S. Lewis, J. & Brown, A. (2014). Ethical considerations in qualitative research. In Ritchie,J. Lewis,J. Naughton, C & Ormston, R. (Eds.), Qualitative research in practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage
  • Weinreich, Uriel. 1953. Languages in contact: Findings and problems. The Hague: Mouton Publishers. Writing devel-opment: An interdisciplinary view (pp. 219-240). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Baloch, S. (2018). BBC Urdu. https://www.bbc.com/urdu/search/?q=
  • Barkhuizen, G. (2006). Immigrant parents' perceptions of their children's language practices: Afrikaans speakers living in New Zealand. Language Awareness, 15, 63-77. DOI: 10.1080/09658410608668851
  • Bartolomé, L. I. (2015). Bilingualism. In J.S, Rutledge. D.M, Smith. A.D, Rizova. P.S, X.H (Eds). In the Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. DOI: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Burki, A., Memon, R., & Mir, K. (2015). Multiple Inequalities and Policies to Mitigate Inequality Traps in Pakistan. https://www.oxfam.org/en/research/multiple-inequalities-and-policies-mitigateinequality-traps-pakistan
  • Bussmann, H. (2000). Routledge dictionary of language and linguistics. Routledge: London.
  • Caldas, S., & Caron-Caldas, S. (2002). A sociolinguistic analysis of the language preferences of adolescent bilinguals: Shifting allegiances and developing identities. Applied Linguistics, 23, 490-514. DOI: 10.1093/applin/23.4.490
  • Chen, R. (2016). Language Policy, Ideology, and Identity: A Qualitative Study of University-Level Chinese Heritage Language Learners. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Arizona State University, Arizona.
  • Chin, N.B, & Wigglesworth, G. (2007). Bilingualism: An Advanced Resource Book. New York: Routledge.
  • Choi, J. (2015). Identity and language: Korean speaking Korean, Korean-American speaking Korean and English? Language and Intercultural Communication, 15:2, 240-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2014.993648
  • Connelly, F.M. & Clandinin, D.J. (1990) Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher, 19, 2-14. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X019005002
  • Crable, B. (2010). Language. In R. Jackson & M. Hogg (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Identity (pp. 417-421). Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage.
  • Cunningham, H. (1988). Kaigaishijo Kyoiku Jijo. Tokyo: Shicho Sensho.
  • David, A. (2014). A Descriptive Grammar of Pashto & its Dialect. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • De Houwer, A. (1999). Environmental factors in early bilingual development: The role of parental beliefs and attitudes. In G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Bilingualism and migration (pp. 75- 96). Berlin: de Gruyter
  • Dopke, S. (1988). The role of parental teaching techniques in bilingual German-English families. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 72, 101-112. Mouton de Gruyter
  • Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 4(1),97-98. DOI: 10.1525/jlin.1994.4.1.97
  • Fries, S. (1998). Different phases: A personal case study in language adjustment and children's bilingualism. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 133, 129-141. DOI:
  • Fuller, M. (2007). Language Choice as a Means of Shaping Identity. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 17 (1): 105-129. doi:10.1525/jlin.2007.17.1.105
  • Gao, K.B. (2017). Dynamics of language contact in China: Ethnolinguistic diversity and variation in Yunnan (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Thesisi Global database.
  • Gibbons, J, & Ramirez, E. (2004). Maintaining a Minority Language: A Case Study of Hispanic Teenagers. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Hogg, A., & Abrams, D. (1998). Social Identifications: A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes. London: Routledge
  • Hornberger, N., & Molina, S. (2004). Quechua language shift, maintenance and revitalization in the Andes: The case for language planning. International Journal of the Sociology of Language,167, 9-67. DOI.10.1515/ijsl.2004.025. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1998.133.129
  • Khan, A, A. Khalid, A. Abid, F. (2019). Practices of Multicultural Education among the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at University of Management and Technology Lahore. Global Regional Review. IV(IV), 194 ‒ 207
  • Khan, A. A. & P. Muysken. (2014) Strategies for incorporating nouns and verbs in code-mixing: the case of Pashto-English bilingual speech. Lapudum 18 (special issue on bilingualism and language contact), P. 97- 137.
  • Khan, A. A. Anees, M. Rahman, G. (2020). The Patterns of Code-Switching in Pashto-English Bilingual Data. Global Social Science Review, V(I),123 ‒ 133.
  • Khan, A. A. Khalid, A. (2018). Pashto-English Code switching: Testing the Morphosyntactic Constraints of the MLF Model. Lingua-Elsevier 201, 78-91
  • Khan, A.A & Bukhari, H.N. (2014). Descriptive Study of Compound Verbs and Light Verbs Constructions in Pashto-English Code Switching. Kashmir Journal of Language and Research. 17 (2), 2-14
  • Khan, A.A & Bukhari, H.N. (2015). Pashto-English Code switching: A Device for Indigenization and the use of Loanwords. Kashmir Journal of Language and Research, 18 (3), 128-142 ISSN-1028- 6640.
  • Khan, A.A. (2011). Social Factors and English Code-mixing in Pashto Language. Germany: LapPublishing
  • Khan, A.A. Bukhari, H.N. & Khalid, A. (2018). Pashto-English Bilingual data: Testing the Diagnostic Features for the Patterns of Codemixing. Kashmir Journal of Language and Research, 21(1), 39-59 ISSN-1028-6640.
  • Khan, A.A. Bukhari, H.N., Khalid, A., Abbas, N.S. (2019). The prediction of morphemes distribution at surface and abstract level: the case of Embedded Language nonfinite verbs Pashto-English Bilingual data, Kashmir Journal of Language and Research, 22 (2), 1-19. ISSN-1028-6640.
  • King, K., & Fogle, L. (2006). Bilingual parenting as good parenting: Parents' perspectives on family language policy for additive bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9, 695-712.
  • Li, X. (1999). How Can Language Minority Parents Help Their Children Become Bilingual in Familial Context? A Case Study of a Language Minority Mother and Her Daughter. Bilingual Research Journal, 23:2-3, 211-223. DOI: 0.1080/15235882.1999.10668687
  • Luykx, A. (2003). Weaving languages together: Family language policy and gender socializations in bilingual Aymara households. In R. Bayley & S. Schecter (Eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies (pp. 25-43). Clevendon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Myers-Scotton, C. (2007). Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism. Carlton: Blackwell.
  • Nguyen, T. (2018): Bilingual identity of ethnic minority students: Insights from Vietnam, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, DOI:10.1080/13670050.2018.1445697.
  • Nguyen, T., & Hamid, M. O. (2017a). Bilingualism as a Resource: Language Attitudes of Vietnamese Ethnic Minority Students. Current Issues in Language Planning, 5, 1-20. doi:10.1080/14664208.2017.1337922.
  • Okita, T. (2002). Invisible work: Bilingualism, language choice and childrearing in intermarried families. Amsterdam: Benjamins
  • Park, H. (2008). Linguistic Minority Children's Heritage Language Learning and Identity Struggle. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Thesisi Global database.
  • Petrovic, E. (2015). A Post-Liberal Approach to Language Policy in Education. 41. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Spolsky, B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tannenbaum, M., Berkovich, M. (2005). Family Relations and Language Maintenance: Implications for Language Educational Policies. Lang Policy, 4, 287-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-005- 7557-7
  • Thomason & Grey, S. (2001a). Language contact. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Verhoeven, L. (1997). Acquisition of literacy by immi-grant children. In C. Pontecorvo (Ed.),
  • Webster, S. Lewis, J. & Brown, A. (2014). Ethical considerations in qualitative research. In Ritchie,J. Lewis,J. Naughton, C & Ormston, R. (Eds.), Qualitative research in practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage
  • Weinreich, Uriel. 1953. Languages in contact: Findings and problems. The Hague: Mouton Publishers. Writing devel-opment: An interdisciplinary view (pp. 219-240). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Khalid, Amina, and Arshad Ali Khan. 2020. "Bilingual Identity of Pashtoon Immigrants: Insights from Lahore." Global Social Sciences Review, V (IV): 1-14 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).01
    HARVARD : KHALID, A. & KHAN, A. A. 2020. Bilingual Identity of Pashtoon Immigrants: Insights from Lahore. Global Social Sciences Review, V, 1-14.
    MHRA : Khalid, Amina, and Arshad Ali Khan. 2020. "Bilingual Identity of Pashtoon Immigrants: Insights from Lahore." Global Social Sciences Review, V: 1-14
    MLA : Khalid, Amina, and Arshad Ali Khan. "Bilingual Identity of Pashtoon Immigrants: Insights from Lahore." Global Social Sciences Review, V.IV (2020): 1-14 Print.
    OXFORD : Khalid, Amina and Khan, Arshad Ali (2020), "Bilingual Identity of Pashtoon Immigrants: Insights from Lahore", Global Social Sciences Review, V (IV), 1-14