ARTICLE

WATER CONSERVATION ATTITUDE OF RESIDENTS OF RAWALPINDI

05 Pages : 38-53

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).05      10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).05      Published : Jun 2

Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi

    The study titled "Water conservation attitude of residents of Rawalpindi" was conducted in the Rawalpindi Cantonment Board (RCB) area of Rawalpindi. The current study used a Quantitative research design and cross-sectional in nature. A total of 399 sampled respondents were selected by the Random sampling technique, and responders were male and female residents of Rawalpindi. The aim of the current study was to explore the residents' attitudes to water conservation and their consumption practices. For intending to study and understanding the topic with theoretical perspective researcher used the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980). Reliability analysis was carried out on the entire variables and explored a Cronbach Alpha of (.721). Hypothesis testing of the study showed that a positive association exists between attitudes and behavior towards water conservation, and with higher education, people exhibit a positive attitude to water conservation behavior.

    Water Consumption, Consumption Habits and Practices, Water-Efficient Appliances, Attitude towards Water
    (1) Adeela Iftikhar
    MS Scholar, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Neelam Farid
    Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Sadia Nawaz
    Teaching Research Associate, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
  • Boylu, A. A., & Gunay, G. (2017). Do families attitudes and behaviors support sustainable water consumption. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(4), 115-125, doi: 10.14207/ejsd. 2017.v6n4p115
  • Corral-Verdugo, V., Frias-Armenta, M., Perez- Urias, F., Orduna-Cabrera, V., & Espinoza- Gallego, N. (2002). Residential water consumption, motivation for conserving water and the continuing tragedy of the commons. Environmental Management, 30(4), 527-535.
  • Dawn. (2017, March 19). Karachi water demand. Dawn: https://www.dawn.com/news/1321455.
  • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, DEFRA. (2008). Future water: The Government's water. Available online: http://www.defra.gov.uk/ publications/files/pb13562-future- water080204.pdf
  • Donkor, A., Emmanuel., Asce, S. M., Mazzuchi, A., Thomas., Soyer, Refik., & Roberson, A. J. (2014). Urban water demand forecasting: Review of methods and models. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 140(2).
  • Durán, M., Alzate, M., López, W., & Sabucedo, J. M. (2007). Emociones y Comportamiento pro-ambiental. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 39(2), 287-296.
  • Fan, L., Liu, G., Wang, F., Geissen, V., Ritsema, C. J., & Tong, Y. (2013). Water use patterns and conservation in households of Wei River Basin, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 74, 45-53.
  • Fan, L., Liu, G., Wang, F., Ritsema, C. J., & Geissen, V. (2014). Domestic water consumption under intermittent and continuous modes of water supply. Water Resource Management, 28, 853- 865
  • Gregory, G. D., & Di-Leo, M. (2003). Repeated behavior and environmental psychology: The role of personal involvement and formation in explaining water consumption. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(6), 1261- 1296, doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816. 2003.tb01949.
  • Grob, A. (1995). A structural model of environmental attitudes and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 209-220.
  • Gude, G. V. (2017). Desalination and water reuse to address global water scarcity. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 16, DOI 10.1007/s11157- 017-9449-7.
  • Heberlein, T. A. (2012). Navigating environmental values. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Jorgensen, B., Graymore, M., & O'Toole, K. (2009). Household water use behavior: An integrated model. Journal of Environmental Management, 91 (1), 227- 236.
  • Jorgensen, B.S., Martin, J.F., Pearce, M.W., & Willis, E.M. (2014). Predicting household water consumption with individual level variables. Environment and Behavior, 46(7), 872 - 897.
  • Kılıç, S. (2008). Küresel iklim deÄŸiÅŸikliÄŸi sürecinde su yönetimi. Ä°Ãœ Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 39, 161 - 186.
  • Kugelman, M. (2013). Urbanization in Pakistan: Causes and consequences. Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre. www.gsdrc.org.
  • Matthew, T. J. B, Jeffrey, C. H., DeWayne, D. M., Robert, B. P., & Brett, A. W. (2014). Attitudes toward water conservation: The influence of site-specific factors and beliefs in climate change. Society & Natural Resources, 27(9), 964-982, DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2014.929768.
  • Mohandas, M. (2013). India's water crisis: A situation we can solve together. Retrieved from http://www.jaagore.com/articles/current- issues/Indias-water-crisis-a-situation-we- can-solve-together.
  • Molden, D. (Ed). (2007). Water for food, water for life: A comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. Earthscan/IWMI.
  • Muller, M. M., Kals, E., & Pansa, R. (2009). Adolescents' emotional affinity toward nature: A cross-societal study. Journal of Developmental Processes, 4(1),59-69.
  • Nauges, C., & Berg, V.D. C. (2009). Demand for piped and non-piped water supply services: Evidence from Southwest Sri Lanka. Environmental and Resource Economics, 42 (4), 535-549
  • Nauges, C., & Whittington, D. (2010). Estimation of water demand in developing countries: An overview. The World Bank Research Observer, 25 (2), 263-294.
  • Oestigaard, T. (2009). Water, culture and identity: Comparing past and present traditions in the Nile basin region, T. Oestigaard ed., water, culture and identity: Comparing past and present traditions in the Nile Basin region, Bergen, BRIC, 11-22.
  • Ouyang, Y., Wentz, E., Ruddell, B., & Harlan, S. (2013). A multi-scale analysis of single- family residential water uses in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1-20.
  • Owen, A.L., & Videras, J.R. (2007). Culture and public goods: The case of religion and the voluntary provision of environmental quality. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 54(2), 162-180.
  • Polebitski, AS., Palmer, RN., & Waddell, P. (2011). Evaluating water demands under climate change and transitions in the urban environment. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 137(3): 249-257.
  • Russell, S., & Fielding, K. (2010). Water demand management research: A psychological perspective. Water Resources Research, 46 (5) 1-12.
  • Statista. (2018). Annual water usage in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2018, by number of people living at home (in liters per day), Retrieved from Statistics Portal: https://www.statista.com/statistics/827278/liters-per-day-household-water- usage-united-kingdom-uk/.
  • Suero, FJ., Mayer, PW., & Rosenberg, DE. (2012). Estimating and verifying United States households' potential to conserve water. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 138(3), 299- 306.
  • US Geological Survey, {USGS}. (2015). How much water does a person use per day? Retrieved from http://water.usgs.gov/edu/qa-home- percapita.html.
  • Vargas, L., Mingoti, A. S., & Heller, L. (2018). Impact of a programme for water affordability on residential consumption: Implementation of the
  • Water Footprint Calculator. (2017). Indoor water use at home, Retrieved from https://www.watercalculator.org/water- use/indoor-water-use-at-home/.
  • Waterwise. (2011). Evidence base for large- scale water efficiency phase II final report, London: Waterwise.
  • Willis, R.M., Stewart, R.A., Panuwatwanich, K., Williams, P.R., & Hollingsworth, A.L. (2011b). Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption. Journal of Environmental Management, 9(8), pp. 1996-2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.023.
  • Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis, 2nd Edition, New York: Harper & Row.
  • Yang, L., Yang, Shuang-Hua, M.E., Froelich, W., Jach, T., & Lapsidou, C. (2017). Domestic water consumption monitoring and behavior intervention by employing the internet of things technologies. 8th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology, IAIT2016, 19-22 December 2016, Macau, China. Procedia Computer Science, 111, 367-375.
  • Zhang, HH., & Brown, DF. (2005). Understanding urban residential water use in Beijing and Tianjin, China. Habitat International, 29, 469-491.

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Iftikhar, Adeela, Neelam Farid, and Sadia Nawaz. 2021. "Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi." Global Social Sciences Review, VI (II): 38-53 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).05
    HARVARD : IFTIKHAR, A., FARID, N. & NAWAZ, S. 2021. Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi. Global Social Sciences Review, VI, 38-53.
    MHRA : Iftikhar, Adeela, Neelam Farid, and Sadia Nawaz. 2021. "Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi." Global Social Sciences Review, VI: 38-53
    MLA : Iftikhar, Adeela, Neelam Farid, and Sadia Nawaz. "Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi." Global Social Sciences Review, VI.II (2021): 38-53 Print.
    OXFORD : Iftikhar, Adeela, Farid, Neelam, and Nawaz, Sadia (2021), "Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi", Global Social Sciences Review, VI (II), 38-53
    TURABIAN : Iftikhar, Adeela, Neelam Farid, and Sadia Nawaz. "Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. II (2021): 38-53. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).05