THE PERCEPTION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS PUNJAB PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).14      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).14      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : Saira Akhtar , Muhammad Imran Yousuf , QaisaraParveen

14 Pages : 134-146

References

  • Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Van Keer, H., De Meyer, J., Van Den Berghe, L., & Haerens, L. (2013). Development and evaluation of training on need-supportive teaching in physical education: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Teaching and Teacher Education, 29, 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.09.001
  • Alvidrez, J., & Weinstein, R. S. (1999). Early teacher perceptions and later student academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 731–746. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.731
  • Bailey, R. (2006). Physical Education and Sport in Schools: A Review of Benefits and Outcomes. Journal of School Health, 76(8), 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746- 1561.2006.00132.x
  • Barney, D., & Deutsch, J. (2011). Elementary classroom teachers' attitudes and perspectives of elementary physical education. The Physical Educator, 66(3), 114-122
  • Bergouignan, A., Rudwill, F., Simon, C., & Blanc, S. (2011). Physical inactivity as the culprit of metabolic inflexibility: evidence from bed- rest studies. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(4), 1201–1210. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00698.20 11
  • Blömeke, S., & Delaney, S. (2012). Assessment of teacher knowledge across countries: a review of the state of research. ZDM, 44(3), 223–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-012-0429-7
  • Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Hagger, M. S. (2009). Effects of an intervention based on self- determination theory on self-reported leisure- time physical activity participation. Psychology & Health, 24(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701809533
  • Cheon, S. H., Reeve, J., & Moon, I. S. (2012). Experimentally Based, Longitudinally Designed, Teacher-Focused Intervention to Help Physical Education Teachers Be More Autonomy Supportive Toward Their Students. Journal of Sport and ExercisePsychology, 34(3), 365–396. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.3.365
  • Clinton, J., & Dawson, G. (2018). Enfranchising the profession through evaluation: a story from Australia. Teachers and Teaching, 24(3), 312–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2017.1421 162
  • Miller, K. A., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Contemporary Sociology, 17(2), 253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2070638
  • Gano-Overway, L., & Guivernau, M. (2014). Caring in the gym. European Physical Education Review, 20(2), 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x14524856
  • Golbini, G., Fallah, Z., & Tabarsa, R. (2013). Description of teachers' attitudes toward physical education textbook requires in three levels of school (elementary - middle and high school) European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 1-5
  • Guan, J., McBride, R., & Xiang, P. (2005). Chinese teachers’ attitudes toward teaching physical activity and fitness. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 33(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598660500121928
  • Hamilton, M. T., Hamilton, D. G., & Zderic, T. W. (2007). Role of Low Energy Expenditure and Sitting in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. Diabetes, 56(11), 2655–2667. https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-0882
  • Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers: Maximizing impact on learning. Routledge.
  • Hills, A. P., Dengel, D. R., & Lubans, D. R. (2015). Supporting Public Health Priorities: Recommendations for Physical Education and Physical Activity Promotion in Schools. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 57(4), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.010
  • Hoge, R. D., & Butcher, R. (1984). Analysis of teacher judgments of pupil achievement levels. Journal of Educational Psychology,76(5), 777–781. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0663.76.5.777
  • Jenkinson, K. A., & Benson, A. (2010). Barriers to Providing Physical Education and Physical Activity in Victorian State Secondary Schools. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35(8). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2010v35n8.1
  • Jussim, L. (1991). Social perception and social reality: A reflection^construction model. Psychological Review, 98(1), 54–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.98.1.54
  • Khan, S., Qureshi, Y. I., Islam, Z. U., Khan, W., & Abbass, S. A. (2012). Attitude of Female Lecturers in Physical Education towards Profession. International Journal of Learning and Development, 2(4), 17. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i4.2050
  • Kyrgiridis, P., Derri, V., Emmanouilidou, K., Chlapoutaki, E., & Kioumourtzoglou, E. (2014). Development of a Questionnaire for Self-Evaluation of Teacher Effectiveness in Physical Education (SETEQ-PE). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 18(2), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367x.2013.86655 7
  • Lewis, K. (2014). Pupils’ and teachers’ experiences of school-based physical education: a qualitative study. BMJ Open, 4(9), e005277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014- 005277
  • Lonsdale, C., Sabiston, C. M., Raedeke, T. D., Ha, A. S., & Sum, R. K. (2009). Self-determined motivation and students’ physical activity during structured physical education lessons and free choice periods. Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.09.013
  • Lox, C. L., Martin Ginis, K. A., & Petruzello, S. J. (2006). The psychology of exercise: Integrating theory and practice. Scottsdale, AZ: Holcomb Hathaway Publishers
  • Mahar, M. T. (2011). Impact of short bouts of physical activity on attention-to-task in elementary school children. PreventiveMedicine, 52, S60–S64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.026
  • McLachlan, S., & Hagger, M. S. (2011). Do People Differentiate Between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals for Physical Activity? Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(2), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.2.273
  • Morgan, P. J., & Hansen, V. (2008). Physical education in primary schools: Classroom teachers’ perceptions of benefits and outcomes. Health Education Journal, 67(3), 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896908094637
  • Özkara, A. B. (2018). Physical Education in Eu Schools and Turkey: A Comparative Study. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 8(2), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2018- 0026
  • Parks, M., Solmon, M., & Lee, A. (2007). Understanding Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions of Integrating Physical Activity: A Collective Efficacy Perspective. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 21(3), 316– 328. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540709594597
  • Perlman, D. (2013). The Influence of the Social Context on Students In-Class Physical Activity. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 32(1), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.32.1.46
  • Riddoch, C. J., Bo Andersen, L., Wedderkopp, N., Harro, M., Klasson-Heggebø, L., Sardinha, L. B., Cooper, A. R., & Ekelund, U. (2004). Physical Activity Levels and Patterns of 9- and 15-yr-Old European Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000106174.4 3932.92
  • Rink, J., & Hall, T. (2008). Research on Effective Teaching in Elementary School Physical Education. The Elementary School Journal, 108(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1086/529103
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary EducationalPsychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
  • Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Beets, M. W., Beighle, A., Erwin, H., & Lee, S. (2012). Physical Education’s Role in Public Health: Steps Forward and Backward Over 20 Years and HOPE for the Future. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.5641/02701361280074532 9
  • Samargandi, T. H. (2018). The Attitudes of Saudi Teachers Toward Teaching Physical Education for Girls at Public Schools in Jeddah. University of Arkansas.
  • Schmidt, W. H., Cogan, L., & Houang, R. (2011). The Role of Opportunity to Learn in Teacher Preparation: An International Context. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(2), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487110391987
  • Sherman, C.P., Tran, C., & Alves, Y. (2010). Elementary school classroom teacher delivered physical education: Costs, benefits, and barriers, Physical Educator, 67, 2-17.
  • Sklad, M., Diekstra, R., Ritter, M. D., Ben, J., & Gravesteijn, C. (2012). Effectiveness of school-based universal social, emotional, and behavioral programs: Do they enhance students’ development in the area of skill, behavior, and adjustment? Psychology in the Schools, 49(9), 892–909. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21641
  • Tannehill, D., & Zakrajsek, D. (1993). Student Attitudes Towards Physical Education: A Multicultural Study. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 13(1), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.13.1.78
  • essier, D., Sarrazin, P., & Ntoumanis, N. (2010). The effect of an intervention to improve newly qualified teachers’ interpersonal style, students motivation and psychological need satisfaction in sport-based physical education.Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(4), 242–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.05.0 05
  • Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011). Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-98
  • Trouilloud, D. O., Sarrazin, P. G., Martinek, T. J., & Guillet, E. (2002). The influence of teacher expectations on student achievement in physical education classes: Pygmalion revisited. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(5), 591–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.109
  • Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P., Sacco, F. C., Gies, M. L., Evans, R., & Ewbank, R. (2001). Creating a Peaceful School Learning Environment: A Controlled Study of an Elementary School Intervention to Reduce Violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(5), 808–810. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.808
  • Voss, T., Kunter, M., & Baumert, J. (2011). Assessing teacher candidates’ general pedagogical/psychological knowledge: Test construction and validation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(4), 952–969. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025125
  • ilmaz, A., & Cihan, H. (2018). Determination the views of head-teacher, physical education teachers and students towards the physical education in the secondary education schools: Qualitative research. Gazi University Journal of Physical Educational and Sport Science, 23, 9-24.

References

  • Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Van Keer, H., De Meyer, J., Van Den Berghe, L., & Haerens, L. (2013). Development and evaluation of training on need-supportive teaching in physical education: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Teaching and Teacher Education, 29, 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.09.001
  • Alvidrez, J., & Weinstein, R. S. (1999). Early teacher perceptions and later student academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 731–746. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.731
  • Bailey, R. (2006). Physical Education and Sport in Schools: A Review of Benefits and Outcomes. Journal of School Health, 76(8), 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746- 1561.2006.00132.x
  • Barney, D., & Deutsch, J. (2011). Elementary classroom teachers' attitudes and perspectives of elementary physical education. The Physical Educator, 66(3), 114-122
  • Bergouignan, A., Rudwill, F., Simon, C., & Blanc, S. (2011). Physical inactivity as the culprit of metabolic inflexibility: evidence from bed- rest studies. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(4), 1201–1210. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00698.20 11
  • Blömeke, S., & Delaney, S. (2012). Assessment of teacher knowledge across countries: a review of the state of research. ZDM, 44(3), 223–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-012-0429-7
  • Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Hagger, M. S. (2009). Effects of an intervention based on self- determination theory on self-reported leisure- time physical activity participation. Psychology & Health, 24(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701809533
  • Cheon, S. H., Reeve, J., & Moon, I. S. (2012). Experimentally Based, Longitudinally Designed, Teacher-Focused Intervention to Help Physical Education Teachers Be More Autonomy Supportive Toward Their Students. Journal of Sport and ExercisePsychology, 34(3), 365–396. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.3.365
  • Clinton, J., & Dawson, G. (2018). Enfranchising the profession through evaluation: a story from Australia. Teachers and Teaching, 24(3), 312–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2017.1421 162
  • Miller, K. A., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Contemporary Sociology, 17(2), 253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2070638
  • Gano-Overway, L., & Guivernau, M. (2014). Caring in the gym. European Physical Education Review, 20(2), 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x14524856
  • Golbini, G., Fallah, Z., & Tabarsa, R. (2013). Description of teachers' attitudes toward physical education textbook requires in three levels of school (elementary - middle and high school) European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 1-5
  • Guan, J., McBride, R., & Xiang, P. (2005). Chinese teachers’ attitudes toward teaching physical activity and fitness. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 33(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598660500121928
  • Hamilton, M. T., Hamilton, D. G., & Zderic, T. W. (2007). Role of Low Energy Expenditure and Sitting in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. Diabetes, 56(11), 2655–2667. https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-0882
  • Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers: Maximizing impact on learning. Routledge.
  • Hills, A. P., Dengel, D. R., & Lubans, D. R. (2015). Supporting Public Health Priorities: Recommendations for Physical Education and Physical Activity Promotion in Schools. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 57(4), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.010
  • Hoge, R. D., & Butcher, R. (1984). Analysis of teacher judgments of pupil achievement levels. Journal of Educational Psychology,76(5), 777–781. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0663.76.5.777
  • Jenkinson, K. A., & Benson, A. (2010). Barriers to Providing Physical Education and Physical Activity in Victorian State Secondary Schools. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35(8). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2010v35n8.1
  • Jussim, L. (1991). Social perception and social reality: A reflection^construction model. Psychological Review, 98(1), 54–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.98.1.54
  • Khan, S., Qureshi, Y. I., Islam, Z. U., Khan, W., & Abbass, S. A. (2012). Attitude of Female Lecturers in Physical Education towards Profession. International Journal of Learning and Development, 2(4), 17. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i4.2050
  • Kyrgiridis, P., Derri, V., Emmanouilidou, K., Chlapoutaki, E., & Kioumourtzoglou, E. (2014). Development of a Questionnaire for Self-Evaluation of Teacher Effectiveness in Physical Education (SETEQ-PE). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 18(2), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367x.2013.86655 7
  • Lewis, K. (2014). Pupils’ and teachers’ experiences of school-based physical education: a qualitative study. BMJ Open, 4(9), e005277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014- 005277
  • Lonsdale, C., Sabiston, C. M., Raedeke, T. D., Ha, A. S., & Sum, R. K. (2009). Self-determined motivation and students’ physical activity during structured physical education lessons and free choice periods. Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.09.013
  • Lox, C. L., Martin Ginis, K. A., & Petruzello, S. J. (2006). The psychology of exercise: Integrating theory and practice. Scottsdale, AZ: Holcomb Hathaway Publishers
  • Mahar, M. T. (2011). Impact of short bouts of physical activity on attention-to-task in elementary school children. PreventiveMedicine, 52, S60–S64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.026
  • McLachlan, S., & Hagger, M. S. (2011). Do People Differentiate Between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals for Physical Activity? Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(2), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.2.273
  • Morgan, P. J., & Hansen, V. (2008). Physical education in primary schools: Classroom teachers’ perceptions of benefits and outcomes. Health Education Journal, 67(3), 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896908094637
  • Özkara, A. B. (2018). Physical Education in Eu Schools and Turkey: A Comparative Study. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 8(2), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2018- 0026
  • Parks, M., Solmon, M., & Lee, A. (2007). Understanding Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions of Integrating Physical Activity: A Collective Efficacy Perspective. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 21(3), 316– 328. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540709594597
  • Perlman, D. (2013). The Influence of the Social Context on Students In-Class Physical Activity. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 32(1), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.32.1.46
  • Riddoch, C. J., Bo Andersen, L., Wedderkopp, N., Harro, M., Klasson-Heggebø, L., Sardinha, L. B., Cooper, A. R., & Ekelund, U. (2004). Physical Activity Levels and Patterns of 9- and 15-yr-Old European Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000106174.4 3932.92
  • Rink, J., & Hall, T. (2008). Research on Effective Teaching in Elementary School Physical Education. The Elementary School Journal, 108(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1086/529103
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary EducationalPsychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
  • Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Beets, M. W., Beighle, A., Erwin, H., & Lee, S. (2012). Physical Education’s Role in Public Health: Steps Forward and Backward Over 20 Years and HOPE for the Future. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.5641/02701361280074532 9
  • Samargandi, T. H. (2018). The Attitudes of Saudi Teachers Toward Teaching Physical Education for Girls at Public Schools in Jeddah. University of Arkansas.
  • Schmidt, W. H., Cogan, L., & Houang, R. (2011). The Role of Opportunity to Learn in Teacher Preparation: An International Context. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(2), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487110391987
  • Sherman, C.P., Tran, C., & Alves, Y. (2010). Elementary school classroom teacher delivered physical education: Costs, benefits, and barriers, Physical Educator, 67, 2-17.
  • Sklad, M., Diekstra, R., Ritter, M. D., Ben, J., & Gravesteijn, C. (2012). Effectiveness of school-based universal social, emotional, and behavioral programs: Do they enhance students’ development in the area of skill, behavior, and adjustment? Psychology in the Schools, 49(9), 892–909. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21641
  • Tannehill, D., & Zakrajsek, D. (1993). Student Attitudes Towards Physical Education: A Multicultural Study. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 13(1), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.13.1.78
  • essier, D., Sarrazin, P., & Ntoumanis, N. (2010). The effect of an intervention to improve newly qualified teachers’ interpersonal style, students motivation and psychological need satisfaction in sport-based physical education.Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(4), 242–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.05.0 05
  • Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011). Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-98
  • Trouilloud, D. O., Sarrazin, P. G., Martinek, T. J., & Guillet, E. (2002). The influence of teacher expectations on student achievement in physical education classes: Pygmalion revisited. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(5), 591–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.109
  • Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P., Sacco, F. C., Gies, M. L., Evans, R., & Ewbank, R. (2001). Creating a Peaceful School Learning Environment: A Controlled Study of an Elementary School Intervention to Reduce Violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(5), 808–810. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.808
  • Voss, T., Kunter, M., & Baumert, J. (2011). Assessing teacher candidates’ general pedagogical/psychological knowledge: Test construction and validation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(4), 952–969. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025125
  • ilmaz, A., & Cihan, H. (2018). Determination the views of head-teacher, physical education teachers and students towards the physical education in the secondary education schools: Qualitative research. Gazi University Journal of Physical Educational and Sport Science, 23, 9-24.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Akhtar, S., Yousuf, M. I., & Parveen, Q. (2022). The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, VII(I), 134-146. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).14

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Akhtar, Saira, Muhammad Imran Yousuf, and Qaisara Parveen. 2022. "The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I): 134-146 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).14

HARVARD

    HARVARD : AKHTAR, S., YOUSUF, M. I. & PARVEEN, Q. 2022. The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, VII, 134-146.

MHRA

    MHRA : Akhtar, Saira, Muhammad Imran Yousuf, and Qaisara Parveen. 2022. "The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, VII: 134-146

MLA

    MLA : Akhtar, Saira, Muhammad Imran Yousuf, and Qaisara Parveen. "The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, VII.I (2022): 134-146 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Akhtar, Saira, Yousuf, Muhammad Imran, and Parveen, Qaisara (2022), "The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan", Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I), 134-146

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Akhtar, Saira, Muhammad Imran Yousuf, and Qaisara Parveen. "The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review VII, no. I (2022): 134-146. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).14