ARTICLE

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ONLINE CLASSES ON STUDENTS A STUDY OF PAKISTAN IN COVID19 PANDEMIC

15 Pages : 147 - 156

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15      Published : Mar 1

The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic

    The learning process in the university and the environment on campus have a crucial role in the development of students' psychological and physical well-being. The present study aims to highlight the problems of online classes faced by university students during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines the factors of online classes that caused depression among Pakistani students. The data was collected through an online survey and students were asked to fill survey comprised of perception sand problems of online classes and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A total of 820 students were approached. Among them, 734 (89.51 Percent) had completed the survey. The results showed that most of the students had moderately (31.34 Percent) or moderately severe (24.39 Percent) depressive symptoms because considerable problems occurred in their educational learning process due to online classes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that emotional support is necessary for the well-being of students as a study examining the COVID-19outbreak has an extraordinary burden on university students.

    COVID-19, Online Classes, Perception, Problems, Depression
    (1) Faiza Anjum
    Assistant Professor of Sociology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Madieha Akram
    Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Raja Shaharyar
    Social Welfare Officer, CDP, Tehsil Kot Chutta, District D. G. Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Akram, A., Anjum, F & Batool, Z. (2020). Covid- 19: A Reason behind Digital Education in Pakistan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 11(4): 19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020- 0037
  • American College Health Association (2018). American College Health Association National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2017. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association. https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NC HA- II_Fall_2018_Reference_Group_Executive_ Summary.pdf.
  • Azad, N., Shahid, A., Abbas, N., Shaheen, A., & Munir, N. (2017). Anxiety and depression in medical students of a private medical college. J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad Pak., 29(1), 123–127. https://jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk/index.php/jamc /article/view/850
  • Bai, Y., Lin, C. C., Lin, C. Y., Chen, J. Y., Chue, C. M., & Chou, P. (2004). Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr. Serv., 55(9), 1055–1057. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055.
  • Bao, W. (2020, 7th April). COVID ‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10 02/ hbe2.191.
  • Batool, Z. (2010). Socio-cultural factors affecting anemia and their effects on mother, and child health in rural areas of district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
  • Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X.
  • Dill, E., Karin. F., Beth, M., & Beckie, S. (2020, March 6). As coronavirus spreads, the decision to move classes online is the first step. What comes next?. (2020). https://www.chronicle.com/article/As- Coronavirus-Spreads-the/248200.
  • Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 7(4), 300-302. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20) 30073-0.
  • Geo news. (2020, March, 18). Coronavirus updates, Latest news on the coronavirus outbreak from Pakistan and around the world. https://www.geo.tv/latest/277853- coronavirus-updates-march-18-latest-news- on-the-coronavirus-outbreak-from- pakistan-and-around-the-world.
  • Gostin, L.O., Wiley, L.F. (2020). Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic:stay-at-home orders business closures and travel restrictions. JAMA. 323(21), 2137–2138. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5460.
  • Gul, A. (2020, 26th February). COVID-19 Pandemic: Pakistan Detects First Coronavirus Cases, Links to Iran Outbreak | Voice of America - English". Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/science- health/coronavirus-outbreak/pakistan- detects-first-coronavirus-cases-links-iran- outbreak.
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med., 16(9), 606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525 1497.2001.016009606.x.
  • Lederman, D. (2020, 27th March). “ Presidents Fear Financial, and Human, Toll of Coronavirus.” Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/ survey/college-presidents-fear-financia-and- human-toll-coronavirustheir-campuses.
  • Lee, K. (2020, 9th March). Coronavirus: universities are shifting classes online - but it’s not as easy as it sounds. http://theconversation.com/coronavirus- universities-areshiftingclasses-online-but-its- not-as-easy-as-it-sounds-133030.
  • Lim, M. (2020, 20th March). THE. Educating despite the COVID-19 outbreak: lessons from Singapore. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog /educating-despite-covid-19-outbreak- lessons
  • Nicola. M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi. C., Kerwan, A., Al- Jabir, A., Iosifidis. C., et al. (2020). The Socio- Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Int J Surg, 78, 185–193. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.
  • Pearson, K. (1908). On the generalized probable error in multiple normal correlation. Biometrika, 6, 59-68.
  • Rasheed, M. (2020, 7th July). Covid-19 and Digital Education Failure in Pakistan. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/07/07/covi d-19-and-digital-education-failure-in- pakistan/
  • Shukla, P. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Students’ Mental Health and Well-being.
  • Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Post-traumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health related disasters. Disaster. Med. Public Health Prep., 7(1), 105–110. doi:10.1017/dmp.2013.22.
  • Taylor, M. R., Agho, K. E., Stevens, G. J., & Raphael, B. (2008). Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: data from Australia’s first outbreak of equine influenza. BMC Public Health, 347(8), 1-13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-347.
  • The Ministry of National Health Services. (2021, 4th July). Regulation and coordination. http://covid.gov.pk/stats/pakistan.
  • immis, S., Broadfoot, P., Sutherland, R., & Oldfield, A. (2016). Rethinking assessment in a digital age: opportunities, challenges andrisks. Br Educ Res J., 42(3), 454-476. 10.1002/berj.3215.
  • Rith-Najarian, L. R., Boustani, M. M., & Chorpita, B. F. (2019). A systematic review of prevention programs targeting depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. J. Affect. Disord., 257, 568–584. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.035
  • Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 12(4), e7541. doi:10.7759/cureus.7541.
  • Wang, C., & Zhao H. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students. Front. Psychol., 11, 1-8. World Health Organization (2020a, 18th June). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Advice For The Public. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/n ovel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for- public/healthy-parenting.
  • World Health Organization (2020b, March 16). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 56. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/docs/default- source/coronaviruse/ situation- reports/20200316-sitrep-56-covid- 19.pdf?sfvrsn=9fda7db2_6
  • Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., et al. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can. J. Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311. doi:10.1177/070674370905400504.
  • Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–229. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8.

Cite this article

    APA : Anjum, F., Akram, M., & Shaharyar, R. (2022). The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic. Global Social Sciences Review, VII(I), 147 - 156. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15
    CHICAGO : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. 2022. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I): 147 - 156 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15
    HARVARD : ANJUM, F., AKRAM, M. & SHAHARYAR, R. 2022. The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic. Global Social Sciences Review, VII, 147 - 156.
    MHRA : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. 2022. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review, VII: 147 - 156
    MLA : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review, VII.I (2022): 147 - 156 Print.
    OXFORD : Anjum, Faiza, Akram, Madieha, and Shaharyar, Raja (2022), "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic", Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I), 147 - 156
    TURABIAN : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review VII, no. I (2022): 147 - 156. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15