THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ONLINE CLASSES ON STUDENTS A STUDY OF PAKISTAN IN COVID19 PANDEMIC

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : Faiza Anjum , Madieha Akram , Raja Shaharyar

15 Pages : 147 - 156

References

  • Akram, A., Anjum, F & Batool, Z. (2020). Covid- 19: A Reason behind Digital Education in Pakistan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 11(4): 19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020- 0037
  • American College Health Association (2018). American College Health Association National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2017. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association. https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NC HA- II_Fall_2018_Reference_Group_Executive_ Summary.pdf.
  • Azad, N., Shahid, A., Abbas, N., Shaheen, A., & Munir, N. (2017). Anxiety and depression in medical students of a private medical college. J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad Pak., 29(1), 123–127. https://jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk/index.php/jamc /article/view/850
  • Bai, Y., Lin, C. C., Lin, C. Y., Chen, J. Y., Chue, C. M., & Chou, P. (2004). Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr. Serv., 55(9), 1055–1057. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055.
  • Bao, W. (2020, 7th April). COVID ‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10 02/ hbe2.191.
  • Batool, Z. (2010). Socio-cultural factors affecting anemia and their effects on mother, and child health in rural areas of district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
  • Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X.
  • Dill, E., Karin. F., Beth, M., & Beckie, S. (2020, March 6). As coronavirus spreads, the decision to move classes online is the first step. What comes next?. (2020). https://www.chronicle.com/article/As- Coronavirus-Spreads-the/248200.
  • Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 7(4), 300-302. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20) 30073-0.
  • Geo news. (2020, March, 18). Coronavirus updates, Latest news on the coronavirus outbreak from Pakistan and around the world. https://www.geo.tv/latest/277853- coronavirus-updates-march-18-latest-news- on-the-coronavirus-outbreak-from- pakistan-and-around-the-world.
  • Gostin, L.O., Wiley, L.F. (2020). Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic:stay-at-home orders business closures and travel restrictions. JAMA. 323(21), 2137–2138. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5460.
  • Gul, A. (2020, 26th February). COVID-19 Pandemic: Pakistan Detects First Coronavirus Cases, Links to Iran Outbreak | Voice of America - English". Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/science- health/coronavirus-outbreak/pakistan- detects-first-coronavirus-cases-links-iran- outbreak.
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med., 16(9), 606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525 1497.2001.016009606.x.
  • Lederman, D. (2020, 27th March). “ Presidents Fear Financial, and Human, Toll of Coronavirus.” Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/ survey/college-presidents-fear-financia-and- human-toll-coronavirustheir-campuses.
  • Lee, K. (2020, 9th March). Coronavirus: universities are shifting classes online - but it’s not as easy as it sounds. http://theconversation.com/coronavirus- universities-areshiftingclasses-online-but-its- not-as-easy-as-it-sounds-133030.
  • Lim, M. (2020, 20th March). THE. Educating despite the COVID-19 outbreak: lessons from Singapore. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog /educating-despite-covid-19-outbreak- lessons
  • Nicola. M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi. C., Kerwan, A., Al- Jabir, A., Iosifidis. C., et al. (2020). The Socio- Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Int J Surg, 78, 185–193. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.
  • Pearson, K. (1908). On the generalized probable error in multiple normal correlation. Biometrika, 6, 59-68.
  • Rasheed, M. (2020, 7th July). Covid-19 and Digital Education Failure in Pakistan. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/07/07/covi d-19-and-digital-education-failure-in- pakistan/
  • Shukla, P. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Students’ Mental Health and Well-being.
  • Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Post-traumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health related disasters. Disaster. Med. Public Health Prep., 7(1), 105–110. doi:10.1017/dmp.2013.22.
  • Taylor, M. R., Agho, K. E., Stevens, G. J., & Raphael, B. (2008). Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: data from Australia’s first outbreak of equine influenza. BMC Public Health, 347(8), 1-13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-347.
  • The Ministry of National Health Services. (2021, 4th July). Regulation and coordination. http://covid.gov.pk/stats/pakistan.
  • immis, S., Broadfoot, P., Sutherland, R., & Oldfield, A. (2016). Rethinking assessment in a digital age: opportunities, challenges andrisks. Br Educ Res J., 42(3), 454-476. 10.1002/berj.3215.
  • Rith-Najarian, L. R., Boustani, M. M., & Chorpita, B. F. (2019). A systematic review of prevention programs targeting depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. J. Affect. Disord., 257, 568–584. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.035
  • Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 12(4), e7541. doi:10.7759/cureus.7541.
  • Wang, C., & Zhao H. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students. Front. Psychol., 11, 1-8. World Health Organization (2020a, 18th June). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Advice For The Public. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/n ovel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for- public/healthy-parenting.
  • World Health Organization (2020b, March 16). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 56. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/docs/default- source/coronaviruse/ situation- reports/20200316-sitrep-56-covid- 19.pdf?sfvrsn=9fda7db2_6
  • Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., et al. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can. J. Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311. doi:10.1177/070674370905400504.
  • Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–229. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8.

References

  • Akram, A., Anjum, F & Batool, Z. (2020). Covid- 19: A Reason behind Digital Education in Pakistan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 11(4): 19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020- 0037
  • American College Health Association (2018). American College Health Association National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2017. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association. https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NC HA- II_Fall_2018_Reference_Group_Executive_ Summary.pdf.
  • Azad, N., Shahid, A., Abbas, N., Shaheen, A., & Munir, N. (2017). Anxiety and depression in medical students of a private medical college. J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad Pak., 29(1), 123–127. https://jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk/index.php/jamc /article/view/850
  • Bai, Y., Lin, C. C., Lin, C. Y., Chen, J. Y., Chue, C. M., & Chou, P. (2004). Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr. Serv., 55(9), 1055–1057. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055.
  • Bao, W. (2020, 7th April). COVID ‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10 02/ hbe2.191.
  • Batool, Z. (2010). Socio-cultural factors affecting anemia and their effects on mother, and child health in rural areas of district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
  • Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X.
  • Dill, E., Karin. F., Beth, M., & Beckie, S. (2020, March 6). As coronavirus spreads, the decision to move classes online is the first step. What comes next?. (2020). https://www.chronicle.com/article/As- Coronavirus-Spreads-the/248200.
  • Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 7(4), 300-302. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20) 30073-0.
  • Geo news. (2020, March, 18). Coronavirus updates, Latest news on the coronavirus outbreak from Pakistan and around the world. https://www.geo.tv/latest/277853- coronavirus-updates-march-18-latest-news- on-the-coronavirus-outbreak-from- pakistan-and-around-the-world.
  • Gostin, L.O., Wiley, L.F. (2020). Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic:stay-at-home orders business closures and travel restrictions. JAMA. 323(21), 2137–2138. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5460.
  • Gul, A. (2020, 26th February). COVID-19 Pandemic: Pakistan Detects First Coronavirus Cases, Links to Iran Outbreak | Voice of America - English". Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/science- health/coronavirus-outbreak/pakistan- detects-first-coronavirus-cases-links-iran- outbreak.
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med., 16(9), 606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525 1497.2001.016009606.x.
  • Lederman, D. (2020, 27th March). “ Presidents Fear Financial, and Human, Toll of Coronavirus.” Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/ survey/college-presidents-fear-financia-and- human-toll-coronavirustheir-campuses.
  • Lee, K. (2020, 9th March). Coronavirus: universities are shifting classes online - but it’s not as easy as it sounds. http://theconversation.com/coronavirus- universities-areshiftingclasses-online-but-its- not-as-easy-as-it-sounds-133030.
  • Lim, M. (2020, 20th March). THE. Educating despite the COVID-19 outbreak: lessons from Singapore. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog /educating-despite-covid-19-outbreak- lessons
  • Nicola. M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi. C., Kerwan, A., Al- Jabir, A., Iosifidis. C., et al. (2020). The Socio- Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Int J Surg, 78, 185–193. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.
  • Pearson, K. (1908). On the generalized probable error in multiple normal correlation. Biometrika, 6, 59-68.
  • Rasheed, M. (2020, 7th July). Covid-19 and Digital Education Failure in Pakistan. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/07/07/covi d-19-and-digital-education-failure-in- pakistan/
  • Shukla, P. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Students’ Mental Health and Well-being.
  • Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Post-traumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health related disasters. Disaster. Med. Public Health Prep., 7(1), 105–110. doi:10.1017/dmp.2013.22.
  • Taylor, M. R., Agho, K. E., Stevens, G. J., & Raphael, B. (2008). Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: data from Australia’s first outbreak of equine influenza. BMC Public Health, 347(8), 1-13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-347.
  • The Ministry of National Health Services. (2021, 4th July). Regulation and coordination. http://covid.gov.pk/stats/pakistan.
  • immis, S., Broadfoot, P., Sutherland, R., & Oldfield, A. (2016). Rethinking assessment in a digital age: opportunities, challenges andrisks. Br Educ Res J., 42(3), 454-476. 10.1002/berj.3215.
  • Rith-Najarian, L. R., Boustani, M. M., & Chorpita, B. F. (2019). A systematic review of prevention programs targeting depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. J. Affect. Disord., 257, 568–584. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.035
  • Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 12(4), e7541. doi:10.7759/cureus.7541.
  • Wang, C., & Zhao H. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students. Front. Psychol., 11, 1-8. World Health Organization (2020a, 18th June). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Advice For The Public. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/n ovel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for- public/healthy-parenting.
  • World Health Organization (2020b, March 16). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 56. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/docs/default- source/coronaviruse/ situation- reports/20200316-sitrep-56-covid- 19.pdf?sfvrsn=9fda7db2_6
  • Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., et al. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can. J. Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311. doi:10.1177/070674370905400504.
  • Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–229. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Anjum, F., Akram, M., & Shaharyar, R. (2022). The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic. Global Social Sciences Review, VII(I), 147 - 156. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. 2022. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I): 147 - 156 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ANJUM, F., AKRAM, M. & SHAHARYAR, R. 2022. The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic. Global Social Sciences Review, VII, 147 - 156.

MHRA

    MHRA : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. 2022. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review, VII: 147 - 156

MLA

    MLA : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review, VII.I (2022): 147 - 156 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Anjum, Faiza, Akram, Madieha, and Shaharyar, Raja (2022), "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic", Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I), 147 - 156

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Anjum, Faiza, Madieha Akram, and Raja Shaharyar. "The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic." Global Social Sciences Review VII, no. I (2022): 147 - 156. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15