References
- Ahmed, A., Lodhi, S., & Ahmad, M. (2015). Using split-questionnaire survey design: An Empirical Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Statistics, 211-218.
- Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology press.
- Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key questions regarding work engagement. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 20(1), 4-28.
- Chriscaden, K. (2020). Impact of covid-19 on people's livelihoods, their health and our Food Systems. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-10- 2020-impact-of-covid-19-on-peoples- livelihoods-their-health-and-our-food- systems
- Demerouti, E., Cropanzano, R., Bakker, A., & Leiter, M. (2010). From thought to action: Employee work engagement and job performance. Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, 65(1), 147-163.
- Gallagher, M. W., Long, L. J., Richardson, A., D'Souza, J., Boswell, J. F., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2020). Examining hope as a transdiagnostic mechanism of change across anxiety disorders and CBT treatment protocols. Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 190-202.
- Gallup, I. (2021, September 16). Engage your employees to see High Performance and Innovation. Gallup.com. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/229424/e mployee-engagement.aspx
- Garg, N., Murphy, W., & Singh, P. (2021). Reverse mentoring, job crafting and work- outcomes: the mediating role of work engagement. Career Development International.
- Geo News. (2021, June 11). Pakistan's health care system in 2020: Hospitals, doctors increase. Geo.tv: Latest News Breaking Pakistan, World, Live Videos. https://www.geo.tv/latest/354581-pakistans-health-care-system-in-2020-hospitals- doctors-increase
- Halbesleben, J. R., Neveu, J. P., Paustian- Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the "COR" understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of management, 40(5), 1334- 1364.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resource caravans and engaged settings. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 84(1), 116-122.
- Hu, J., He, W., & Zhou, K. (2020). The mind, the heart, and the leader in times of crisis: How and when COVID-19-triggered mortality salience relates to state anxiety, job engagement, and prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology.
- nnstrand, S. T., Langballe, E. M., &Falkum, E. (2012). A longitudinal study of the relationship between work engagement and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Stress and health, 28(1), 1-10.
- Jordan, S. L., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., & Ejaz, A. (2018). Work grit as a moderator of politics perceptions: workplace outcomes relationships: a three-study convergent investigation. Career Development International.
- Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
- Kotera, Y., Van Laethem, M., & Ohshima, R. (2020). Cross-cultural comparison of mental health between Japanese and Dutch workers: relationships with mental health shame, self- compassion, work engagement and motivation. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management.
- Lesener, T., Gusy, B., Jochmann, A., & Wolter, C. (2020). The drivers of work engagement: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal evidence. Work & Stress, 34(3), 259-278.
- Liu, D., Chen, Y., & Li, N. (2021). Tackling the negative impact of COVID-19 on work engagement and taking charge: A multi-study investigation of frontline health workers. Journal of Applied Psychology.
- Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(2), 209-221.Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(2), 209-221.
- Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 60(3), 541-572.
- Madrid, H. P., Diaz, M. T., Leka, S., Leiva, P. I., & Barros, E. (2018). A finer grained approach to psychological capital and work performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 33, 461– 477.
- Naseri, R. N. N. (2021). What is a Population in Online Shopping Research? A perspective from Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(4), 654-658.
- Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., Van Scotter, J. R., & Miceli, M. P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process? Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(02), 219–242.
- Othman, N., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2013). Social support and work engagement: a study of Malaysian nurses. Journal of nursing management, 21(8), 1083-1090.
- Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 885(879), 10-1037.
- Pruyser, P. W. (1976). The minister as diagnostician: Personal problems in pastoral perspective. Westminster John Knox Press.
- Rai, A., & Maheshwari, S. (2020). Exploring the mediating role of work engagement between the linkages of job characteristics with organizational engagement and job satisfaction. Management Research Review.
- Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2012). Optimism predicting employees' creativity: The mediating role of positive affect and the positivity ratio. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(2), 244-270.
- Revord, J., Sweeny, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2021). Categorizing the function of positive emotions. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 39, 93-97.
- Salanova, M., Agut, S., &Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. Journal of applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217.
- Salanova, M., Bakker, A. B., & Llorens, S. (2006). Flow at work: Evidence for an upward spiral of personal and organizational resources. Journal of Happiness studies, 7(1), 1-22.
- Salmela-Aro, K., &Upadyaya, K. (2018). Role of demands-resources in work engagement and burnout in different career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 190-200.
- Schaufeli, H. B., &Salanova, M. (2010). 33 How to improve work engagement?. Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice, 399.
- Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model. Career Development International, 20, 446-463
- Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. Work engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research, 12, 10-24.
- Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92.
- Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M., & De Witte, H. (2019). An ultra-short measure for work engagement. European Journal ofPsychological Assessment, 35(4), 577– 591.DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000430
- Schaufeli, W., &Salanova, M. (2011). Work engagement: On how to better catch a slippery concept. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 39-46.
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2003). Research Methods For Business, A Skill Building Approach, John Willey & Sons. Inc. New York.
- Shirom, A. (2010). Feeling energetic at work: On vigor's antecedents.
- Sonnentag, S., & Lange, I. (2002). The relationship between high performance and knowledge about how to master cooperation situations. Applied Cognitive Psychology: The Official Journal of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 16(5), 491-508.
- Stokols, D., Allen, J., & Bellingham, R. L. (1996). The social ecology of health promotion: implications for research and practice. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10(4), 247-251.
- Stokols, D., Pelletier, K. R., & Fielding, J. E. (1996). The ecology of work and health: research and policy directions for the promotion of employee health. Health education quarterly, 23(2), 137-158.
- Strandh, M., Hammarström, A., Nilsson, K., Nordenmark, M., & Russel, H. (2013). Unemployment, gender and mental health: the role of the gender regime. Sociology of Health & Illness, 35(5), 649-665.
- Teo, S. T., Bentley, T., & Nguyen, D. (2020). Psychosocial work environment, work engagement, and employee commitment: A moderated, mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102415.
- Tulucu, F., Anasori, E., & Kinali Madanoglu, G. (2022). How does mindfulness boost work engagement and inhibit psychological distress among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic? The mediating and moderating role of psychologicalresilience. The Service Industries Journal, 1- 17.
- Tyler, T. R. (1986). The psychology of leadership evaluation. In Justice in social relations (pp. 299-316). Springer, Boston, MA.
- Van Assche, A., & Lundan, S. (2020). From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy.
- Van Hoof, E. (2020, April). Lockdown is the world's biggest psychological experiment-and we will pay the price. In World Economic Forum (Vol. 9).
- van Kleef, G. A., & Côté, S. (2021). The Social Effects of Emotions. Annual Review of Psychology, 73.
- van Tuin, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Van den Broeck, A., & van Rhenen, W. (2020). A Corporate purpose as an antecedent to employee motivation and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2402.
- Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R.M. &Soenens, B. Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. MotivEmot 44, 1–31 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1
- Veestraeten, M., Johnson, S. K., Leroy, H., Sy, T., & Sels, L. (2021). Exploring the bounds of Pygmalion effects: congruence of implicit followership theories drives and binds leader performance expectations and follower work engagement. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 28(2), 137-153.
- Wanasida, A. S., Bernarto, I., Sudibjo, N., & Purwanto, A. (2021). The Role of Business Capabilities in Supporting Organization Agility and Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 897-911.
- Wu, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Zhang, L., Wang, G., Lei, G., ... & Luo, M. (2020). Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVIDâ€19 and adjustment strategy. Journal of medical virology, 92(10), 1962-1970.
- Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Liu, H., Wu, Y., ... & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475-481.
- Zheng, Y., Goh, E., & Wen, J. (2020). The effects of misleading media reports about COVID- 19 on Chinese tourists' mental health: a perspective article. Anatolia, 31(2), 337-340.
- Ahmed, A., Lodhi, S., & Ahmad, M. (2015). Using split-questionnaire survey design: An Empirical Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Statistics, 211-218.
- Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology press.
- Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key questions regarding work engagement. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 20(1), 4-28.
- Chriscaden, K. (2020). Impact of covid-19 on people's livelihoods, their health and our Food Systems. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-10- 2020-impact-of-covid-19-on-peoples- livelihoods-their-health-and-our-food- systems
- Demerouti, E., Cropanzano, R., Bakker, A., & Leiter, M. (2010). From thought to action: Employee work engagement and job performance. Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, 65(1), 147-163.
- Gallagher, M. W., Long, L. J., Richardson, A., D'Souza, J., Boswell, J. F., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2020). Examining hope as a transdiagnostic mechanism of change across anxiety disorders and CBT treatment protocols. Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 190-202.
- Gallup, I. (2021, September 16). Engage your employees to see High Performance and Innovation. Gallup.com. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/229424/e mployee-engagement.aspx
- Garg, N., Murphy, W., & Singh, P. (2021). Reverse mentoring, job crafting and work- outcomes: the mediating role of work engagement. Career Development International.
- Geo News. (2021, June 11). Pakistan's health care system in 2020: Hospitals, doctors increase. Geo.tv: Latest News Breaking Pakistan, World, Live Videos. https://www.geo.tv/latest/354581-pakistans-health-care-system-in-2020-hospitals- doctors-increase
- Halbesleben, J. R., Neveu, J. P., Paustian- Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the "COR" understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of management, 40(5), 1334- 1364.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resource caravans and engaged settings. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 84(1), 116-122.
- Hu, J., He, W., & Zhou, K. (2020). The mind, the heart, and the leader in times of crisis: How and when COVID-19-triggered mortality salience relates to state anxiety, job engagement, and prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology.
- nnstrand, S. T., Langballe, E. M., &Falkum, E. (2012). A longitudinal study of the relationship between work engagement and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Stress and health, 28(1), 1-10.
- Jordan, S. L., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., & Ejaz, A. (2018). Work grit as a moderator of politics perceptions: workplace outcomes relationships: a three-study convergent investigation. Career Development International.
- Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
- Kotera, Y., Van Laethem, M., & Ohshima, R. (2020). Cross-cultural comparison of mental health between Japanese and Dutch workers: relationships with mental health shame, self- compassion, work engagement and motivation. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management.
- Lesener, T., Gusy, B., Jochmann, A., & Wolter, C. (2020). The drivers of work engagement: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal evidence. Work & Stress, 34(3), 259-278.
- Liu, D., Chen, Y., & Li, N. (2021). Tackling the negative impact of COVID-19 on work engagement and taking charge: A multi-study investigation of frontline health workers. Journal of Applied Psychology.
- Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(2), 209-221.Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(2), 209-221.
- Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 60(3), 541-572.
- Madrid, H. P., Diaz, M. T., Leka, S., Leiva, P. I., & Barros, E. (2018). A finer grained approach to psychological capital and work performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 33, 461– 477.
- Naseri, R. N. N. (2021). What is a Population in Online Shopping Research? A perspective from Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(4), 654-658.
- Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., Van Scotter, J. R., & Miceli, M. P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process? Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(02), 219–242.
- Othman, N., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2013). Social support and work engagement: a study of Malaysian nurses. Journal of nursing management, 21(8), 1083-1090.
- Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 885(879), 10-1037.
- Pruyser, P. W. (1976). The minister as diagnostician: Personal problems in pastoral perspective. Westminster John Knox Press.
- Rai, A., & Maheshwari, S. (2020). Exploring the mediating role of work engagement between the linkages of job characteristics with organizational engagement and job satisfaction. Management Research Review.
- Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2012). Optimism predicting employees' creativity: The mediating role of positive affect and the positivity ratio. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(2), 244-270.
- Revord, J., Sweeny, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2021). Categorizing the function of positive emotions. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 39, 93-97.
- Salanova, M., Agut, S., &Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. Journal of applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217.
- Salanova, M., Bakker, A. B., & Llorens, S. (2006). Flow at work: Evidence for an upward spiral of personal and organizational resources. Journal of Happiness studies, 7(1), 1-22.
- Salmela-Aro, K., &Upadyaya, K. (2018). Role of demands-resources in work engagement and burnout in different career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 190-200.
- Schaufeli, H. B., &Salanova, M. (2010). 33 How to improve work engagement?. Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice, 399.
- Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model. Career Development International, 20, 446-463
- Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. Work engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research, 12, 10-24.
- Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92.
- Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M., & De Witte, H. (2019). An ultra-short measure for work engagement. European Journal ofPsychological Assessment, 35(4), 577– 591.DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000430
- Schaufeli, W., &Salanova, M. (2011). Work engagement: On how to better catch a slippery concept. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 39-46.
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2003). Research Methods For Business, A Skill Building Approach, John Willey & Sons. Inc. New York.
- Shirom, A. (2010). Feeling energetic at work: On vigor's antecedents.
- Sonnentag, S., & Lange, I. (2002). The relationship between high performance and knowledge about how to master cooperation situations. Applied Cognitive Psychology: The Official Journal of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 16(5), 491-508.
- Stokols, D., Allen, J., & Bellingham, R. L. (1996). The social ecology of health promotion: implications for research and practice. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10(4), 247-251.
- Stokols, D., Pelletier, K. R., & Fielding, J. E. (1996). The ecology of work and health: research and policy directions for the promotion of employee health. Health education quarterly, 23(2), 137-158.
- Strandh, M., Hammarström, A., Nilsson, K., Nordenmark, M., & Russel, H. (2013). Unemployment, gender and mental health: the role of the gender regime. Sociology of Health & Illness, 35(5), 649-665.
- Teo, S. T., Bentley, T., & Nguyen, D. (2020). Psychosocial work environment, work engagement, and employee commitment: A moderated, mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102415.
- Tulucu, F., Anasori, E., & Kinali Madanoglu, G. (2022). How does mindfulness boost work engagement and inhibit psychological distress among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic? The mediating and moderating role of psychologicalresilience. The Service Industries Journal, 1- 17.
- Tyler, T. R. (1986). The psychology of leadership evaluation. In Justice in social relations (pp. 299-316). Springer, Boston, MA.
- Van Assche, A., & Lundan, S. (2020). From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy.
- Van Hoof, E. (2020, April). Lockdown is the world's biggest psychological experiment-and we will pay the price. In World Economic Forum (Vol. 9).
- van Kleef, G. A., & Côté, S. (2021). The Social Effects of Emotions. Annual Review of Psychology, 73.
- van Tuin, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Van den Broeck, A., & van Rhenen, W. (2020). A Corporate purpose as an antecedent to employee motivation and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2402.
- Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R.M. &Soenens, B. Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. MotivEmot 44, 1–31 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1
- Veestraeten, M., Johnson, S. K., Leroy, H., Sy, T., & Sels, L. (2021). Exploring the bounds of Pygmalion effects: congruence of implicit followership theories drives and binds leader performance expectations and follower work engagement. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 28(2), 137-153.
- Wanasida, A. S., Bernarto, I., Sudibjo, N., & Purwanto, A. (2021). The Role of Business Capabilities in Supporting Organization Agility and Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 897-911.
- Wu, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Zhang, L., Wang, G., Lei, G., ... & Luo, M. (2020). Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVIDâ€19 and adjustment strategy. Journal of medical virology, 92(10), 1962-1970.
- Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Liu, H., Wu, Y., ... & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475-481.
- Zheng, Y., Goh, E., & Wen, J. (2020). The effects of misleading media reports about COVID- 19 on Chinese tourists' mental health: a perspective article. Anatolia, 31(2), 337-340.
Cite this article
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APA : Ashfaq, F., & Abid, G. (2022). Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector. Global Social Sciences Review, VII(I), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).25
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CHICAGO : Ashfaq, Fouzia, and Ghulam Abid. 2022. "Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector." Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I): 253-263 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).25
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HARVARD : ASHFAQ, F. & ABID, G. 2022. Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector. Global Social Sciences Review, VII, 253-263.
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MHRA : Ashfaq, Fouzia, and Ghulam Abid. 2022. "Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector." Global Social Sciences Review, VII: 253-263
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MLA : Ashfaq, Fouzia, and Ghulam Abid. "Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector." Global Social Sciences Review, VII.I (2022): 253-263 Print.
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OXFORD : Ashfaq, Fouzia and Abid, Ghulam (2022), "Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector", Global Social Sciences Review, VII (I), 253-263
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TURABIAN : Ashfaq, Fouzia, and Ghulam Abid. "Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector." Global Social Sciences Review VII, no. I (2022): 253-263. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).25