This paper was to study the relationship between socio economic status and test anxiety of undergraduate students. All the undergraduate students of all the departments of Sargodha University were the population. A sample pertaining 550 students were selected through multistage random including 181 male and 369 female students, selecting 50 students from 11 departments. Instruments were adapted socioeconomic status survey for students and Test Anxiety Scale (WTAS). After pilot testing both the instruments on 100 students, Cronbach Alpha value for WTAS was 0.79, and SACQ was 0.90. The study was descriptive and survey. Analysis of data was done through frequencies, means, percentages t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson r. The majority of students showed a moderate level of SES as well text anxiety, female undergraduate students are of higher SES level and text anxiety than males, and no relationship between SES and test anxiety of the undergraduate students was found. A recommendation is that students may be exposed to group projects, seminars and guidance, and counseling sessions regarding test anxiety.
Keywords : Socioeconomic Status, Test Anxiety, Undergraduate Students
Authored by :
(1) Farah Shafiq
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ahmad Bilal Cheema
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Saifullah Khan
Lecturer, Government College Farooka, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
The first time such a newly emerged linguistic variety has been documented at NUML, Islamabad. This language variation means morphological, semantic, connotative deviations from standard linguistic norms. Contact linguistics, code meshing, diversified linguistic backgrounds and their colloquialism play their vital roles in shaping Numlianlect of BS English. The research problem faced by learners of super standard language is that they do not comprehend the newly code meshed discourse in the informal settings of NUML. So, this research raises questions about the exploration of linguistic variations, their formulation process and their denotative and connotative semantic shades. To answer these questions, qualitative and survey-based research design has been employed. The collected data have been analyzed with Labov and Weinreich's Variation Theory (1960). Major findings reveal that students mix English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and Urdu words to produce variant code-meshed linguistic patterns. Connotation, semantic shades and contexts of words have been changed by students.
Keywords : Language Variation, Numlianlect, Code-mixing, Code Meshing, Plurlingualism
Authored by :
(1) Zafar Ullah
Instructor Virtual University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(2) Muhamamd Farooq Aalam
Assistant Professor, NUML, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
The study's goal is to see how servant leadership and corporate culture affect work engagement. While leadership has been proven to have an impact, the effect and procedure underlying work engagement has attracted scant attention. Despite the fact that servant leadership followers are more inclined to be involved, this is especially relevant of servant leadership. We investigate the role organizational culture plays like a potential mediator in the study below, seeking to discover whether servant leadership builds organizational culture that, as a result, enhances work engagement. Overall,we find strong evidence suggesting servant leadership can forecast organizational culture along with the other extensions related to job engagement which include dedication, absorption and vigor, while organizational culture, undermines the effect of servant leadership style. Lastly,all three components of work engagement are positively related to an organization's culture.
Keywords : Organizational Culture, Servant Leadership, Employee Performance
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Syeda Unzilla Shah
Research Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Arif Masih Khokhar
Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
This research paper is an endeavor to delineate various linguistic taboos about women's physiology with a focus on both the categories and functions of taboos in Pakistani society. The aim is to bring forth myriad euphemistic expressions employed in print media. The paper contests that taboos are moderated at the expanse of society's cultural and religious norms.It also offers a rationale behind the popular use of euphemistic expressions for Pakistani Females' daily issues. Allan and Burridge's (2006) theoretical framework furnished the basic framework for the analysis of different euphemistic expressions. The data for the study comprises thirteen different English newspaper articles published in the last six years (2016-2021). The data analysis revealed that euphemisms could connote multiple shades of meaning ranging from shame, disgust, exasperation, and upliftment. It was established that euphemisms operate along dysphemism and orthophemisminterchangeably depending on the context in which they appeared.
Keywords : Euphemism, Gender Studies, Orthophemism, Sociolinguistics, Taboo
Authored by :
(1) Ayesha Izhar Chaudhri
Lecturer, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Tazanfal Tehseem
Assistant Professor, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Barirah Nazir
Lecturer, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
This study is about positive body image campaigns broadcasted on Pakistani television which have attained much attention for creating awareness about women's body shaming. Media conveys and promotes socio-cultural values and societal stereotypes pertaining to body shape and size that create the perception of the ideal man and woman among individuals. Therefore, body image has become an important issue for one's self-esteem, and mental and physical health, especially among women. This study investigates the perception of body image media advertisements among female students in twin cities, Pakistan. More specifically, the study analyzes six selected media advertisement campaigns displayed on TV channels. All these selected media campaigns share one common motive i.e. awareness of body positivity. The selected campaigns have been launched by different brands through a series of video advertisements to promote their products/collections during the last five years. The study applied a quantitative approach to obtain the opinions of N=282 Pakistani female students from 5 universities. Results were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the selected advertisement campaigns possessed effective characteristics.
Keywords : Body Positivity, Body Shaming, Media Campaigns, Mental Health, Self-esteem
Authored by :
(1) Qaisar Khan
Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Arts and Media Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Sher Akbar
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Kiran Tauseef
Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
Social justice is a fundamental concern for ideal social structure and human rights. To develop social order and philosophical discourses, higher education is one of the holistic approaches to educating it. It elevates the level of idealized modern state formation among students. The present study was designed to examine the contexts of students about practices and malpractices of social justice in higher education. The quantitative approach was adopted to gather the data from 630 university graduates. All the data were gathered through a self-made questionnaire. The findings of the study explained that the participants were not satisfied with practices of social justice in higher education. Most of the participants expressed malpractices of social norms.Especially female students claimed their injustice experiences in higher education. The researcher recommended bold recommendations to uphold the social justice in higher education departments
Keywords : Social Justice, Higher Education, Social Oppression, Injustice, Human Rights
Authored by :
(1) Ghulam Dastgir
PhD Scholar, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Khuda Bakhsh
Assistant Professor, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
It is assumed that the qualification plays an important role in performing any task. This study was carried out to investigate the performance of schools and head-teachers in concern with head teacher's qualification. The performance of head-teachers was measured as viewed by their teachers so secondary school teachers were the source of data for this study. The population was divided into two strata based on levels of qualification. It was descriptive-cum-correlational survey and a self-developed questionnaire was administered to 384 teachers to solicited information about the performance of their head-teachers in different administrative tasks. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Witney U-test was used to compare two groups' means to test the hypothesis. Analysis revealed that in the majority of administrative tasks (seven out of ten) the performance of head-teachers who had more than 16-yearsqualification was significantly better and their school results were also found good than their counterpart. Both the hypotheses were rejected and it could be gleaned that high qualifications of head-teachers were effective because they are good in administering the tasks that augmented towards better school performance.
Keywords : Head-teachers, Qualification, Performance, Secondary Schools
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Nadeem Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
(2) Abida Parveen
Lecture, Department of Education, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Khaliq Rizwan
PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
The purpose of this research paper is to examine the Impact of Religious Tourism on the development 'smokeless industry' that has the potential of igniting significant economic activity, thus creating employment,generating investment, and reducing poverty. The present study is descriptive in nature. Data were collected in view of facts reported in the secondary sources, including news items, national and international reports on tourism,books, journals as well as information gathered from interaction with the local people. The present study not only underscore the prospective implications of religious tourism in the country but also explores the challenges pervading the religious tourism sector in Pakistan. The findings of the present research paper indicate the below-par performance of concerned agencies was the main hindrance to promote tourism in Pakistan. Moreover, the key issues are non-development and maintenance of tourist spots, negative projection of security situation, visa restrictions, inadequate infrastructure, sub-standard transportation, and poor health services, which are badly affected religious tourism. This research paper will be assisted the policymakers in improving travel procedures and providing safety and security to the tourists in Pakistan.
Keywords : Religious Tourism, Kartarpur Corridor, Smokeless Industry, Economic Development, Religious Harmony
Authored by :
(1) Naila Masood Ahmad
Assistant professor, Business Studies Department, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Ramsha Sohail
M. Phil. Scholar, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Masood Ahmad
Chief Instructor, National Institute of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Jokes are specific discourses that contain cultural, historical and region-specific references. In order to understand the salience of these discourses, the common ground of interlocutors is significantly important. The current study explores how non-natives English speakers comprehend English jokes. In addition, it aims to know the difficulties and the lexical issues encountered by Pakhtoon and Sindhi participants in interpreting English jokes. The researchers used a mixed-method approach for this study. The population of this study includes Pakhtoon and Sindhi undergraduate students.A sample of 20 students was selected and two types of tools were used to check the English jokes comprehension skills of participants. The socio-cognitive approach is used as a theoretical framework and the results of quantitative data were presented with the help of pie charts. Results of this study show that ethnic, religious, racial, and jokes having historic references are difficult to understand. Individuals' social knowledge of English culture is important for comprehending English jokes. Knowledge of semantic expressions, ample knowledge and wisdom of culture-specific words and idioms are important for identifying the salience aspects of English jokes.
Keywords : Jokes, Salience, lexical Issues, Culture, Socio-Cognitive Approach, Interpreting Humour
Authored by :
(1) Hajra Arshad
PhD Scholar, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan
(2) Ejaz Mirza
Assistant Professor, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Memona Fida
Lecturer, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of the kinematical factors with the ball velocity of the drag flick performance of the national elite players in field hockey. To attain this purpose, 64 drag flicks of sixteen players were recorded and analyzed through the VICON motion capture system and MATLAB software. The descriptive statistics and Spear man correlation were computed for statistical analysis. The mean ball velocity of the drag-flicks of the female and male players were 21.31±3.53 m/sand 15.10±4.02 m/s, respectively. The ball dragging length, ball dragging velocity, stance width, left-knee angle and left elbow angle had a significant correlation with the ball velocity. The subjects maximize dragging length,dragging velocity and stance width while minimizing their left-right knee angles for high velocity. Players and coaches should emphasize ball dragging length, dragging velocity and stance width to improve the drag flick performance.
Keywords : Kinematics, Ball Velocity, Drag Flick, Penalty Corner, Hockey
Authored by :
(1) Rabia Wali
Department of Physical Education, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Yasmeen Iqbal
Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Jamil Ahmad's The Wandering Falcon (2011) offers a striking example of the ways in which historical and political contexts impact the reception of Pakistani Anglophone fiction due to its unique publication history. Ahmad creates a correlation between identity, language, and physiognomy of individuals through Tor Baz, whose identity continuously passes through the process of change in the frigid tribal culture. This paper raises questions regarding how a literary text achieves commercial success and how the geopolitical context of both its setting and the location of the author affects the publication and reception of the work.
Keywords : The Wandering Falcon, Pakistani Anglophone Fiction, Pakistani literature in English
Authored by :
(1) Barirah Nazir
Lecturer in English, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Aneela Gill
Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Muhammad Riaz Khan
Lecturer in English, BZU Bahadur Sub-campus, Layyah, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
The current study investigates the student-teachers' sustainability consciousness in the Pakistan context. For this purpose, public sector universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad region offering four years undergraduate teacher-education programs were selected. The population of the current study were all the 1259 student-teachers studying in these public sector universities. A total population sampling technique was utilized due to the limited number of student-teachers in these universities. Data were collected from 753 student-teachers on the sustainability consciousness questionnaire developed by Gericke et al. (2019). An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to ascertain any difference in student-teachers' sustainability consciousness based on their gender and semester of study. The results suggest that there was a significant difference in student-teachers environmental and social consciousness. However, no difference was found in the economic consciousness among the student-teachers.
Keywords : Sustainability Consciousness, Student-teachers, Education for Sustainable Development
Authored by :
(1) Ayesha Nousheen
Ph.D. Scholar, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Farkhanda Tabassum
Assistant Professor, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Foreign capital inflows resulted in overall economic growth in many countries, but there are many concerns about its distributive effects,especially on fluctuating wages, which are still being investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic industry wages using micro-level data from Pakistan from 1996-97 to 2007-08. Foreign firms are expected to pay higher wages than that domestic firms in order to attract more labor; thus, if foreign and domestic firms compete in the same labor market, domestic firms would pay higher wages to recruit jobs, resulting in rising average domestic industry wages. The empirical analysis also shows that in Pakistan, FDI inflows raise industry wage premiums.The findings of the study are robust by the inclusion of various globalization and sector-related variables. To reap higher wages, Pakistan's government should promote FDI at the industry level.
Keywords : Foreign Direct Investment; Wage Premium; Manufacturing Sector; Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Qamer un-Nisa
Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Jabbar Ul-Haq
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Nazia Nazeer
Assistant Professor, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
The current paper critically reviews the Single Nation Curriculum to verify the claims made by the document after its launching in 2020 as being the first policy document for educational reformation at the national level after several decades. The analysis compares the document with the National Curriculum (2006) which has been acknowledged as the main reference document in the preparation of the Single Nation Curriculum. The paper analyses various sections of the document, with a focus on English language teaching, to expose that the new curriculum is only an imitation of the previous 2006 curriculum without introducing any significant change in the policy, content, and methodology. The paper hopes to raise awareness among the policymakers and authors of SNC about establishing connections between research and practice, hence augmenting professional development with a focus on improved practices in the area of education and curriculum development.
Keywords : Single Nation Curriculum, Curriculum, Assessment, Teaching Methodology, Pedagogy
Authored by :
(1) Jabreel Asghar
Faculty Member, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,
(2) Asif Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Begum Nusrat Bhutto University for Women, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan.
The district of Mansehra, which is located on the historic Silk Road,has a long history of traditions. Several dynasties governed this region in the past, leaving their footprints in the form of heritage remnants. Hindus, Muslims,Sikhs, and British are the most noticeable among them. The current paper examines a few of these monuments and makes recommendations for how they may be used as tourist attractions. The current state of most structures is deplorable, and comprehensive conservation and tourist management strategy are urgently needed to optimize the benefits of cultural legacy.
Keywords : Mansehra, Heritage, Tourism, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Adnan Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Junaid Bashir
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Anas Mahmud Arif
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
This study analyzes the effects of foreign remittance on human capital by using the pooled data collected from HIES data sets, from 1998/99 to 2018/19. Two proxies (e.g., 1- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 15 years and above, 2- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 25 and above) are used for human capital. The panel data techniques, like Fixed effect,Random effect model, GLS regression, and Panel corrected standard error regression, are used. The results show a significant positive relationship between human capital measured in terms of both proxies and foreign remittances in overall Pakistan, but human capital in terms of the first proxy has a statistically significant association with foreign remittances in an urban and rural area, in terms of the second proxy, significant in urban, but not in rural areas. Per-capita-income has statistically significant positive effects on human capital in terms of both proxies in rural areas but does not have a significant effect in urban areas. It is recommended that the Government should formulate policies that can maximize the inflow of foreign remittances in Pakistan.
Keywords : Human Capital, Education, Foreign Remittances, Per Capita Income, Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Yasir Nadeem
Ph.D. Scholar, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ahmed Raza Cheema
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a great figure of the Islamic world and the west in the 20th century. Iqbal was a philosopher, politician, Islamic scholar and a great poet. Iqbal has always spoken of love, brotherhood and tolerance. Iqbal was of Kashmiri descent, a true friend of Kashmir, a compassionate man and a great liberal leader. He took an active part in the freedom struggle of Kashmiris against slavery. Iqbal awakened a new consciousness, enthusiasm, eagerness and passion in Kashmiris with his painful voice and poetry. He was greatly influenced by Kashmiri personalities Sultan Shahab-ud-Din, Syed Ali Hamdani, and Ghani Kashmiri. This article is are search document based on an analytical study of Iqbal's personality and his correlation to Kashmir. In this study, the primary and the secondary data isused to bring out the facts.
Keywords : Iqbal, Connection, Kashmir, Poetry, Freedom Struggle
Authored by :
(1) Amar Jahangir
Junior Lecturer/Research Associate, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
(2) Anbrin Khawaja
Assistant Professor, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
(3) Umer Yaqoob
Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Health Care Delivery System, also abbreviated as HCDS, is a system devised by the state for the proper delivery of health care for their populations.This is a service providing system in which society's health is determined and steps are taken to maintain it. The aim of this article is to compare the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) of Pakistan and Russia. This research article presents the basic concept behind the health care delivery systems of two countries to take notice of the importance of human beings and take steps to maintain and promote the healthy life of the people of the community.Findings show the efficacy of this HCDS varies with the resources, demands and needs of the individuals along with the availability of finances. All the participants of a community receive the healthcare services continuously including health promotion, prevention of diseases, diagnosis and disease management, followed by rehab with palliative care. All of these are delivered at different levels of the system, at different sites of care as per the requirement of the users.
Keywords : Delivery System, Health Care, Pakistan, Russia
Authored by :
(1) Shaheen Nazakat
College of Nursing, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Sajid
Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
There is an increasing demand for teachers to present technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) in their classrooms with the help of their digital literacy skills (DLS). Though the teachers at the secondary school level are provided with digital gadgets, however, the teachers are still struggling with the use of digital tools during the teaching-learning process. Lack of digital literacy might be the cause of this reluctance, so the current study aims to explore the relationship between the digital literacy skills of teachers with respect to Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK).Data was collected from four hundred school teachers through Digital Literacy Scale (DSL) and TPACK inventory. The results indicate a low level of digital literacy and knowledge of TPACK, identified through descriptive statistics.However, a significantly positive relationship was identified through a significant correlation relationship ((r =.587, p equal or less then .001) between both variables.On the basis of results, more trainings are recommended for teachers on both digital literacy and content pedagogy.
Keywords : Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge TPACK, digital pedagogy, Digital Literacy (DL)
Authored by :
(1) Ruzina khan
MPhil Graduate, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Fariha Gul
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
"Runaway children" is a growing issue. Print, electronic, and social media highlighted and reported many cases daily. Multidimensional factors are responsible. This study aims to highlight the factors responsible behind and to suggest solutions for families and persons concerned. The assessment of the factors is based on the statements of runaway children. The empirical work focused on 50 children aging from 9 years to 17 years. Structured interviews were carried out. The results indicate that the highest proportion of runaway children was due to violence at home, at school/madras, and at the workplace.Punishments, violence against children, poverty, and strict behavior were pointed out as major causes. Soft and friendly behavior, provision of basic needs including education, parents' guidance, violence free environment without punishment play a role in minimizing the incidence. Extra curricular activities - sports, Boy Scout, and Girl Guide are the key at the school level.
Keywords : Runaway Children, Violence at Home, School/Work Place, Socioeconomic Status, Poverty
Authored by :
(1) Bushra Yasmeen
Associate Professor, School of Sociology, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Ramzan
Assistant Professor, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Shadab Iqbal
Lecturer, School of Sociology, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
The lack of legal instruments and regulations pertaining to the coordination of the arbitral awards and the decisions of courts highlights problems facing the implementation of arbitral awards in foreign jurisdictions.Since commercial arbitration is a discourse of international character which invariably involves parties from different jurisdictions, the case resultantly gives rise to issues such as conflict of laws, choice of laws and multiplicity of proceedings on the same cause of action. This situation allows parties to commence litigation at multiple forums, paving a way for issues like that of Lis Alibi Pendens to arise. This paper examines the principle of Lis Alibi Pendens in commercial arbitration and also assesses its application in different jurisdictions in general and in the context of Pakistan in particular. This article analyses existing cases and regulations on this subject and provides for an adequate level of understanding, certainty and reliability which is required by the parties in commercial arbitration. It also expounds on ambiguities and complex issues in order to equip policy makers and practitioners to better understand such concerns.
Keywords : Commercial Arbitration, Choice of Law, Lis Alibi Pendens, Enforcement of Foreign Awards
Authored by :
(1) Aamir Abbas
Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Atika Lohani
Assistant Professor, College of Law, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Samza Fatima
Associate Professor, Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
This research was undertaken to investigate the problems teachers experience in ECE assessment. A qualitative research design with semi-structured interviewing was undertaken. The study's intent was to identify the assessment techniques used by ECE teachers to assess their students' learning during class. All primary level private schools in urban areas of Lahore were considered as the population of the study. Ten ECE teachers were selected by using a purposive sampling technique from the private school sector of Lahore.The data was analyzed through thematic analysis by using open and axial coding techniques. The major findings were that teachers used different assessments such as small class tasks, question answer techniques and observational techniques. The study revealed that the major issues teachers in ECE assessment were facing were students' individual differences, their level of understanding, their family background and lack of resources.
Keywords : ECE, Assessment, Challenges, Students, Teachers, Education
Authored by :
(1) Hina Akbar
Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Shabana Manzoor
Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Hafiza Gulnaz Fatima
Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan.
The current research elegantly examines the majority of the time,enveloping the reader in a dreamscape of currencies, parrots, and exquisite meals. Joshi's narrating technique is captivating and the time passes quickly in the globe she has created. Nevertheless, her prose occasionally devolves into elaborate cramps and there are omissions and inconsistencies in her portrayal of the class structure in 1950s India, especially regarding ladies. Reading this straight historical fiction is a mistake; writing about class in a reliable or full of thought thinking will compose more about brutality and injustice. The current class and religious character issues in India are a section of the goal the state is in disorder today. Nevertheless, the study of Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind, where a blameless Black Lives Matter strike is taking place, has the same effect.
Keywords : Marginalization, Self-Identity, Cultural Identity, Trauma and Resilience of Third World Women.
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Ali
Lecturer in English, Govt. Graduate College, Chowk Azam Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Ahmad
Lecturer in English, KAIMS International Law College Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Ramsha Zabta
Head of English Department, KAIMS International Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
This study aims to explore the assimilation and germination phenomenon of words having "/n/". The auto segment-al Theory of (Goldsmith,1976) is used as a theoretical framework. (Alkumet, 2020) have elaborated‘Auto segment-al theory that phonetics presentation is an aggregation of supra-segment-al parts of speech, which have some initial problem of how the multiple levels of sequences can be related or linked. This research shows that "/n/" in words having "/n/" and "/b/" combination at the word middle level tend to assimilate into "/m/", but the combination remains intact at word initial and final level and germination of "/n/" is speaker-dependent. Celata, Calamai, Ricci, and Bertini (2013) have manifested the role of style and placement of phoneme in a word is crucial for a sound to get assimilated. It has been elucidated that groups of people sharing the same cultural schema and level of education tend to speak differently.
Keywords : Nasalization, Assimilation, Gemination, Phoneme, Nasal Sound
Authored by :
(1) Anam Shahid
MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Taiyyiba Bibi
MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Mubashir Iqbal
Lecturer, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
The political system of Pakistan is comprised of a multi-party system; therefore, the formation of alliances and counter alliances by the political parties is a common feature of its political culture. Pakistan's political history reveals that alliances are formed against authoritarian military regimes.The alliances were also formed to cope with the civilian administration of popular leaders, as they are accused of benefiting from rigged elections, and authoritarian policies and being responsible for the economic crisis. During the military regime of Ayub Khan, the opposition alliances succeeded in removing Field Marshal Ayub Khan from the presidency as he failed to cope with its pressure in the late 1960s. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of these political alliances during the martial law regime of Ayub Khan.To what extent are they sincere in their cause of developing a viable political system in the country? What circumstances led to the formation of these alliances? What was the impact of these alliances on the Pakistani political spectrum? The present study has attempted to answer some of these questions.
Keywords : Political Parties, Alliances, Political System, Opposition, Election, Authoritarian, Dictatorship
Authored by :
(1) Iltaf Khan
Subject Specialist in Pakistan Study, Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Safina
M. Phil Scholar (Pakistan Study), Qurtaba University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Attia Quresh
Lecturer in Pakistan Studies, Women University Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
This study aimed at the development and validation of a research instrument for students learning experiences (SLE) at the higher education level in the public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected on three constructs as students learning experiences inside the classroom,outside the classroom and on-campus. The factors in students learning experiences inside the classroom factors like teacher interaction, assessment and feedback, and peer group discussion were measured. The factors of outside classroom learning experiences as cultural diversity, library and learning resources and conferences, seminars and webinars were measured. The simple random sampling technique was applied in the department of education,psychology and sociology in six public universities in Punjab to collect data.The tryout of the instrument was conducted on 200 students' samples to measure the content validity and reliability. The expert opinion was sought from the University of Sargodha and the University of Punjab Lahore. The Cronbach alpha reliability was .95, which showed the instrument is reliable.Having pilot tested the instrument. Data were collected from 1024 male and female students. The questionnaire comprised 42 items. Structure Equation Model (SEM) was used to validate the instrument using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The Cronbach alpha and SEM results indicated that students learning experiences resulted in fit indices as an acceptable model.
Keywords : Students Learning Experiences, Campus Experiences, Outside Classroom Learning Experiences, Higher Education. Instrument Developmen
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Ihsan
PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Muhammad Shahid Farooq
Professor and Chairman DASE, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
COVID-19 has brought severe impacts on societies for a protracted period of time. The purpose of the current study is to examine the antecedents of societal behavior in employees to enable them to bring positive change to societal well-being through their work. Drawing on the signalling theory, the current study investigated the association between ethical leadership and the desire to have a significant impact through work (DSIW) via the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Data were collected through doctors and nurses delivering their services in the health sector in large cities of Pakistan. The findings of the current study envisaged that ethical leadership style has a direct influence on the DSIW of employees. Moreover, study findings show that POS plays a vital role in ascertaining the association between ethical leadership style and employees' DSIW. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the study findings.
Keywords : Ethical leadership, COVID-19, DSIW, POS
Authored by :
(1) Sehrish Ilyas
Department of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration % Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Ghulam Abid
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Studies, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The prime objective of this study was to determine the effect of the workplace environment on the job satisfaction of teaching faculty. This study was quantitative and based on a cross-sectional research design. In this study,the workplace environment was used as an independent variable, while the job satisfaction of the teachers was treated as the dependent variable. The population of the study was public secondary school teachers in Punjab. At the same time, 304 respondents were selected as a sample through a simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by research tool through a survey method. The findings of the study show that there was a positive and significant correlation between workplace Environment with job satisfaction.Moreover, there was a positive and moderate effect of workplace environment on job satisfaction of secondary school teachers. The study is beneficial to uplift secondary education through innovative strategies.
Keywords : Workplace Environment, Job Satisfaction, Academicians
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Hamad Sarwar
M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Leadership & Management Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Tariq Mahmood Khan
Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Muhammad Naveed Jabbar
Head of the Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
This research empirically examines the factors affecting the intention to use FinTech applications during the pandemic situation. The convenient sampling of the research comprised 546 individual respondents from different cities in Pakistan. The research results indicate that perceived benefits and social influence have significantly affected the customer's intentions to use FinTech applications during the covid-19 pandemic.Customers' intentions to utilize FinTech apps are unaffected by perceived technology risks. Furthermore, the findings show that attitude influences the relationship between social influence and perceived consumer trust. To ensure confidence, FinTech service providers should make sure their solutions are simple to use, meet demands, and protect clients' data. This will favourably influence consumers' adoption.
Keywords : FinTech Use, Perceived Risk, Social Influence, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Trust etc.
Authored by :
(1) Khurram Ashfaq
College of Commerce Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Adil Riaz
Lecturer, Government College University Faisalabad (Sub-Campus Hafizabad), Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Usman Haider
M.Phil. Scholar, College of Commerce, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
The current study is an attempt to explore the micro determinants of poverty eradication in Pakistan. The probit model has been used on the data obtained from Pakistan Standard Living Measurement Survey 2019-20. The results indicate that access to drinking water, availability of sanitation and hygiene facilities, holding an agricultural land, having livestock in possession,household size and being a native of the area reduce the predictive probability of being poor. Other variables such as cash transfers, receiving foreign remittances and being self-employed also have a positive impact on poverty eradication. Poverty Trends are analyzed using three cycles of data from 2008-08, 2015-16 and 2019-20, which further reveals an increase in absolute poverty. Government should increase spending on socioeconomic programs with special emphasize on land distribution in rural areas. Social safety nets in the form of cash transfers and foreign remittances would support the vulnerable in the event of external shocks.
Keywords : Poverty, Inequality, Probit, Capability Approach
Authored by :
(1) Jazib Mumtaz
PhD Scholar, Faculty of Social Science, SZABIST, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Sayed Irshad Hussain
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Science, SZABIST, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
(3) Zulfiqar Ali Keeryo
PhD Economics, Ex-Economic Growth Advisor, Research and Training Wing, Planning and Development Department, Government of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan
Employees working in the workplace are electronically monitored in this digital age of globalization and digitization. Managing attendance by old-style methods is a tedious job putting signatures on attendance registers these days. Universities working under the influence of digitization have adopted bio metric attendance management systems. This study is an attempt to study the advantages and disadvantages of a bio metric attendance management system installed in the context of a university. The convenience research approach was employed as a research design to carry this research. It is qualitative research, and the data gathering gadget was the observation and discussion method. Researchers observed bio metric attendance management system operation critically and minutely for around two months and noted various modes and behaviors drawing outcomes. Findings displayed that the bio metric attendance management system has certain advantages and disadvantages. Advantages encompassed real-time in and out tracking, easy attendance record maintenance, work performance improvement, and controlling employee absenteeism. Conversely, disadvantages comprised job stress, disturbance due to load shedding of electricity, fear of salary deduction,and delay reaching to classes.
Keywords : Biometric, Attendance, Management System, University, Perspective
Authored by :
(1) Inayatullah Kakepoto
Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Niaz Ahmed Bhutto
Department of Sociology, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
(3) Aamir Iqbal Umrani
Department of Business Administration, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
The study examines the nexus of the ruling party's slogans in the state of Oceania, "war is peace, ignorance is strength, freedom is slavery" in George Orwell's novel 1984 to the present societies in developing countries, using the lens of Marxism. Sufyan Al-Dmour states; Three different classes are present in the depicted novel: the ruling class, which is echoed by the Inner Party; Outer Party represents the middle class, the Proles consist of the working class (SufyanAl-Dmour, 2020). The class system is dominating all over the world, specifically in developing countries. MacCartney and Zaidi argue; It was the military-bureaucratic control of a few influential figures, with the three classes which kept what can be called Pakistan's political setup. (McCartney, Zaidi, 2019). Common people in 1984 were severely penalized for who exerted to think or act differently. The pertinence of the slogan "freedom is slavery" in 1984 is still dominant in developing societies.
Keywords : Totalitarianism, 1984. Slavery, Exploitation, Surveillance, Propaganda, Control, Marxism
Authored by :
(1) Raees Khan
Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan
(2) Farooq Shah
Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Saddam Ul Islam
M.Phil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
Global citizenship entails individuals having an immaculate sense of duty towards the benefit of all societies and just not to their own. This qualitative study explored the beliefs of 16 pre-service teachers about global citizenship, its impact on secondary school students, the framework of action they intend to use in cultivating global citizenship, and the strategic involvement of stakeholders in cultivating global citizenship among secondary school students. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers,though they had a limited understanding of the concept, believed that global citizenship education might foster critical thinking, decision making, and problem-solving skills among the students, thus making it crucial for teachers, policymakers, and curriculum developers to harness curriculum and skills for publishing the concept. We argue that pre-service teachers should be provided in-depth awareness about global citizenship and understanding of the strategies to cultivate global citizenship so that they can effectively encourage this among secondary school students
Keywords : Citizenship education; Global Citizenship; Pre-service teachers; Phenomenological case study
Authored by :
(1) Tayyaba Khalid
M.Phil. Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Yaar Muhammad
Assistant Professor, Government College University for Women, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Malahat Siddiqui
Research Associate, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go (Never) exposes the oppressive role of ideology in imploding human identity through societal training, education, and the social roles of clones in the human world. Cloning is another marvel of biotechnology which has given birth to many optimistic as well as pessimistic narratives. The post human narrative is central to dystopia as it tends to put forward the regressive use of biotechnology that has the potential to disrupt the essential human identity and implement a sort of reduction-ism which manifest gratification and conformity. The desire to indoctrinate conformity indicates the late capitalistic tactics of commodification which results in an identity implosion. The paper asserts that ideological maneuvering and construction of imploded identities are exhibited through dystopian bio-technologies in the agency of post humanism, which represent com-modified identity politics. The post human, in this context, serves as the Other of stratified human identity.
Keywords : Clones, Commodification, Dystopian Biotechnologies, Implosion, Identity, Ideological Maneuvering, Other, Social Stratification.
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Mahmood Ahmad Shaheen
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Sadiq Egerton Graduate College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Sohail Ahmad Saeed
Assistant Professor, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Ahmad Naeem
Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan
The current study investigates the real influence of the rate of exchange in real terms, GDP in real terms, money supply and infrastructure on the balance of trade in Pakistan by employing Johnson co-integration and ECM. The real GDP and infrastructure positively affected mini missing the gap of trade deficit to improve the trade performance of the economy of Pakistan.In contrast, the factor of effective exchange rate and money supply negatively affected on trade deficit of the country. The rate of R-Square is 0.85, it tells that 85 percent variation in the balance of trade is captured by independent variables.The important recommendation of this research is that the exchange rate should be stable and consistent with the equilibrium path. The negative ECM value of -40 obviously pointed out that there is a 40 percent convergence of the total said parameters in mini missing the gap of trade deficit for the economy of Pakistan.
Keywords : Trade Balance, Exchange Rate, Annual Data
Authored by :
(1) Allah Bux Lakhan
Lecturer, Government Degree College Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Zulfiqar Ali Keeryo
Economic Growth Advisor, Research and Training Wing, Planning and Development Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Sindh, Pakista
(3) Jazib Mumtaz
PhD Scholar, Department of Social Sciences Economics, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
This review study consolidates the academic research on innovation management literature in relation to the innovative behaviour of employees.This study is based on a systematic review of the literature published on the topic of innovation management and employees' roles during the last 36 years(from 1990-2022). This review comprises '118' studies, including Empirical papers, Review papers and Conceptual papers. Various research streams and perspectives are extracted from the consideration set of this study as components of innovative behaviour, including Determinants of innovative behaviour and Dimensions of innovative behaviour. Also, numerous measures of both determinants and dimensions of innovative behaviours are studied during the narrative analysis of the selected articles. A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Innovative Roles of Employees in Organizational Innovation Management is mentioned as a finding of this study. In the end, the study's contribution, implications and limitations are stated.
Keywords : Components of Innovative Behavior, Innovation Management, Innovative Roles
Authored by :
(1) Saima Ulfat
PhD Scholar, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Amani Moazzam
Assistant Professor, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Yaamina Salman
Professor, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Aim of the study was to find out the relationship between anxiety with academic performance of undergraduate university students. The study was conducted for the objectives; (i) to find out the anxiety level of undergraduate university students. (ii) to identify the level of achievement scores (GPA) and co-curricular activities of undergraduate university students, and (iii) to find out the relationship between anxiety and academic performance of undergraduate university students. A sample of 408, including 195 male and 213 female 2nd-semester undergraduate BS students from 12 different departments out of 4 faculties of the University of the Sargodha, taking 34 students from each department, were selected through multistage random sampling techniques. Two instruments, anxiety scale and performance checklists, were developed to collect data from students. Research instruments were validated through experts' opinions, pilot testing was done, and the reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha value for the anxiety scale was .832. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation, t-tests and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. There was a weak and negative relationship between anxiety and achievement scores of undergraduate university students whereas. But there was a significant but weak and negative relationship between anxiety and achievement scores and co-curricular activities of undergraduate university students. So it is recommended that teachers of the university may integrate activities in their classroom teaching to keep students involved and reduce anxiety.
Keywords : Anxiety, Academic Performance & Undergraduate University Students
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Naveed Khalid
Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(2) Farah Shafiq
Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Mushtaq Ahmad
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
This systematic review of forty articles aims to synthesise the increasing number of work done on work engagement and job characteristics by analysing the preferred sources from 2017 to 2021. The research studies were carefully chosen according to the researcher's inclusion criteria. The all-encompassing review of the literature has included an introduction,significance, and review of 'job characteristics theory, 'job demand theory', and elaborates innovative definition of 'work engagement' in the light of the literature review. The analyses were performed in terms of annual scientific production, most relevant sources, Bradford's law, source growth, tree map, and word dynamics through biblioshiny. MS Excel was used to evaluate the research studies. This systematic review will be beneficial to organisations and policymakers to plan the characteristics of jobs effectively to promote employee participation. Emphasis on the employees' work engagement and job characteristics will support apprehending the dream of a perfect workplace.
Keywords : Job Characteristics, Job Characteristics Theory, Job Demand Resource Theory, Systematic Review, Work Engagement
Authored by :
(1) Maryam Gull
Assistant Professor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Aliya Ahmed
Dean of Business School, National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA and E), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Sobia Hassan
Department of Public Administration, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Considering the significance of the poultry industry, the study tried to evaluate the economic viability of poultry farmers in the Lasbela district of Balochistan. Furthermore, the study also estimated the profitability of the numerous players engaged in the poultry industry. A sum of seventy-five poultry farmers, intermediaries, and retailers was interviewed using a
convenience sampling technique. The study results showed that the main obstacle to the expansion of the poultry industry in the region is the unequal and insufficient distribution of profits between producers, intermediaries, and retailers. The study results determined that the commission agent earns 41 percent while retailers make 24 per cent of the supernormal profit; at the same
time, none of the profits is reinvested in the business because the producers still struggle to meet the financial requirements. In the future, policymakers ought to improve the mechanism of profit allocation to improve consumer access to
nutrition and to ensure the just profit of all stakeholders in the industry. It will also stimulate investment in the poultry industry which will further promote economic activities and employment in the region.
Keywords : Poultry Production, Farmers, Intermediaries, and Retailers Lasbela, Balochistan
Authored by :
(1) Imran Khan
PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan.
(2) Saima Liaqat
Lecturer, Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Khalid Khan
Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan.
This study looks into how the devaluation of the Pakistani currency affected remittances (REM) and economic growth (EG) in Pakistan. The study also looks at how REM affects the link between the devaluation of the currency and the growth of the economy in Pakistan Over the course of 45 years, from 1972 to 2016. The study uses Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) for examining the relationship. This study uses sensitivity analysis and chooses among different econometric techniques, which take into account the endogeneity problem. The results show that remittances partially mediate the relationship between the devaluation of currency and economic growth.Moreover, a one unit rise in REM leads to a 0.47 unit decrease in EG.
Keywords : Devaluation, Remittances, Economic Growth, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL)
Authored by :
(1) Naveed Ali
Department of Economics & Development Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
(2) Izhar Ul Hassan
Government of Pakhtunkhwa Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Abdul Wahab
Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
The current study aims to investigate students' perceptions of decision-making styles carried out in Punjab. All the students from the education department/institute of the government universities were the population of the study. For this purpose, seven universities which offer B.Ed. (Hons.) the program was selected randomly, and students (last semesters) were the study participants. The data was collected through a survey questionnaire. The instrument's reliability was 0.72. Results show that students have different perceptions regarding the styles carried by them. Most of the students are carried avoidant decision-making styles. At the same time, dependent decision-making styles were considered to be the least. Furthermore, a significant difference was not found between female and male students' perceptions of styles. It is recommended that universities offer courses to improve/develop effective skills because improved education assists students in making the right decisions at the right time in various realms of life and deciding on a better future.
Keywords : Decision, Decision-making Styles, University, Students, Self-realisation
Authored by :
(1) Noor Ul Ain
PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Abid Hussain Ch.
Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
This paper focuses on exploring the way ingrained cultural wisdom and mechanisms provide the base for actualising official roles in formal organisations. Most of the formal interactions and transactions are made through personalised dealings (Qadeer, 1999). Some senior scholars feel that such cultural wisdom/mechanisms (like VB) are not relevant anymore (Chaudhary, 1999), but the current research and existing practices are giving a different picture of reality (Saher & Mayrhofer, 2014; Saher et al., 2014;
Qadeer, 1999). Considering this lacuna in literature and between literature and practice, this paper is going to unravel the process of informalization in formal organisations and will contribute to the ongoing debate on convergence divergence. This paper will also discuss the implications and extend guidance for future research in this field.
Keywords : Convergence-divergence, Female Teachers, School, Vartan Bhanji, Indigenous Wisdom, Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Noreen Saher
Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(2) Hadiba Kanwal
Lecturer, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Nimra Nimra
Lecturer, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
In developing nations, access to essential utilities presents a dual problem, particularly in rural areas. A little over 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity, while 2.6 billion rely on traditional biomass cooking methods. It is not possible to solve the current energy crisis solely by promoting particular technologies or switching to alternative fuels. Mithi, one of the most developed towns in Pakistan, has recently experienced significant growth in development. The city has experienced rapid growth as a result of the large influx of residents from the district of Tharparkar. There is a need to explore the condition of the drainage system in Mithi and to describe sanitary conditions to make people fit and healthy. It has been analyzed and found the different problems related to drainage and sanitation system in Mithi and surrounding areas.
Keywords : Mithi, Sindh, Sanitation, Water Supply, Drainage
Authored by :
(1) Gopal Das
Department of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Hina Marvi
Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
(3) Mehnaz Soomro
Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive instrument to measure the holistic academic performance of higher secondary school-level students in Pakistan. Data were collected from 1035 higher secondary school level students enrolled in public sector colleges and higher secondary schools. Content validity was determined by eight national and international experts' opinions. The reliability coefficient was found (α=.74) for the said scale. Initially, 52 statements were developed by integrating the students' academic characteristics, students' performance domains, and academic listening, speaking, reading, and writing tasks.Finally, 24 statements were retained after applying the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). It resulted in two distinct sub-factors of Students’ Individual Performance (SIP) and Students'
Group Performance (SGP). Findings of the research indicate that Students' Academic Performance may be used as a reliable and holistic measure by the educational stakeholders for higher secondary school level students.
Keywords : Students' Academic Performance, Higher Secondary School Level, Individual Performance, Group Performance, Holistic Performance
Authored by :
(1) Maria Saima Jabir
PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Shahid Farooq
Professor & Chairman, Department of Advanced Studies in Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
This study examines the risk management solutions used in the banking sector to meet the many risks. The report also evaluates how conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan manage risk. This study used primary sources. First, senior managers, risk managers, and chief risk officers from Islamic and normal banks fill out a questionnaire. 51 financial institutions responded. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, t-tests, an ANOVA, and the LSD test. Regular banks' operational risk management strategies and stress test results differ from Islamic banks statistically. The study found no statistically significant difference between Islamic and conventional banks in how well they used risk management tools and systems, how much
market risk VaR they used, how much credit risk exposure they had, how they reduced that risk, and how they analyzed their credit risk portfolios.
Keywords : Islamic Banks, Conventional Banks, Risks, Risk Management, Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan
Assistant Professor, Hasan Murad School of Management, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Sheikh Khurram Abid
Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Rubeena Tashfeen
Associate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Presently COVID-19 and its socio-economic impacts are burning and debatable issues around the world. This research aimed at investigating the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on people with vulnerable socio-economic conditions. The research was conducted in two union councils i.e. Koper and Hero Shah of Tehsil Dargai District Malakand, KP Pakistan. The data was collected through an in-depth interview method using an interview guide from 24 respondents, 12 respondents from each union council were purposively selected through a random sampling method. The collected data has been analyzed through the qualitative method and primary data has been combined with secondary information for further explanation and unfolding of the ground realities. The research findings indicate that 70 per cent of the workforce of Pakistan is dependent on subsistence earnings and an informal economy. The research shows that the socio-economic recession created by the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionally affected the economy, health, education and livelihood of poor vulnerable people. Consequently, the miseries of the coronavirus enhanced the social and economic problems of poor vulnerable people. The research finding recommends that government should take concrete measures and should provide social and economic support to socio-economically vulnerable people in order to pull them out of the crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords : COVID-19, pandemic, vulnerable, socio-economic, livelihood
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Kaleem
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Bahadar Sher
PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Dilkash Sapna
Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
This paper depicts escapism as a romantic element in the poetry of a British English poet John Keats and a Pakistani Urdu poet Akhtar Sherani. Although they belong to different ages, the early 19th century and 20th century respectively, still have many commonalities. This work discusses their selected poems and compares them to find out their similar romantic traits. The selected poetry of Akhtar Sherani is translated into English by the author of this work to prove that both poets have a lively style of expressing their feelings and emotions. This study qualifies the readers to think outside the box and conventional values. It helps to broaden their perceptive horizons and mental realm. This work is also beneficial for those who are critics and analysts of romanticism and have an interest in John Keats and Akhtar Sherani.
Keywords : John Keats, Akhtar Sherani, Romanticism, Poetry, and Comparison
Authored by :
(1) Waqas Ahmad
Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Ayaz Ahmad Aryan
Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Sana Riaz
Demonstrator, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Online learning has transformed higher education. Many empirical studies have been done on the challenges with online courses, but few have presented an overview. We reviewed the literature using Cooper's framework. Concerns were found to be common in three large groups: online students, teachers, and people who make materials. Online education had problems because students had different ideas about what was expected of them, their level of preparedness, and their level of engagement. Teachers had to deal with problems like getting used to their new roles in the classroom and having trouble with time management and how to teach. Considerations for content development, the role of instructors in content creation, the use of multimedia in content, the importance of instructional methods, and more came up during this research. Higher education institutions can help both teachers and students get past these problems by giving them opportunities.
Keywords : Online Teaching, Public and Private Universities, Pakistan, Education, Students, Teachers, Online Education
Authored by :
(1) Farah Latif Naz
Lecturer, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Abdul Wahab
Lecturer, Institute of Education and Research , University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
(3) Abdul Raheem
Department of Disaster Management and Development Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Muslims feminists contend that they possess the intellectual capacity to challenge conservative juristic notions and patriarchal narratives regarding their roles and talents. They believe that gender-biased negative stereotypes have gone unquestioned owing to the dominance of male scholars in the hermeneutical domain. Scholars like Hibba Raouf, Amina Wadud and Farhat Hashmi confidently argue that the interpreter of the text, not the text itself, is to blame for androcentric bias towards women. Furthermore, they claim that conservative Ulama (intellectuals) misuse their position of authority and strive to preserve their dominance. Conservative scholars maintain that Islam prioritizes a woman's seclusion to the extent that she is not permitted to publicly preach the message of Islam. Disagreeing with their conservative critics, these female scholars argue that Islam does not impose such restrictions on women and they are free to pick the type of career and discipline which they think is compatible with their nature and disposition.This article analyses the perspectives of Hibba Rouf, Anima Wadud, and Farhat Hashmi on crucial topics including polygamy, female education, career choices, and political
engagement.
Keywords : Exegetical Methodology, Quranic Worldview, Patriarchal Lens, Polygamy, Andocentric Religious Worldview, Conservative Ulama, Nushuz, Shariah
Authored by :
(1) Saeed Akhtar
Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Adnan Khan
Assistant Professor Department of Sociology, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Usman Khan
Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
he current research analyzes Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers and Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire in the light of the concept of ambivalence, hybridity, and mimicry, and the way these texts establish a connection with trans-culturalism, terrorism, and Islamophobia. If Shamsie’s novel Home Fire highlights the issue of fundamentalism and its effect on the distorted image of Muslim immigrants, similarly, Aslam's counsels cultural
hybridity among diversity and heterogeneity for lasting peace and prosperity in diasporic societies. The present study not only explores the feelings of alienation, ambivalence and interdependency of trans-culturalism but also
sheds impartial light on the clash of cultures and the subsequent issues, such as subjugation, exploitation, victimization, and injustice meted out to the Muslim Community across the globe on foreign soil. The researchers have adapted qualitative and descriptive methods while relying on the thorough reading of the selected British-Asian novels as well as the related critical reviews.
Keywords : Diaspora Identity, Nadeem Aslam, Map for Lost Lovers, Kamila Shamsie, Home Fire, Novels
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Saqib
Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Mustanir Ahmad
Associate Professor, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Laraib Rahat
Lecturer, English Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
GSSR struggles for a future where human development is based on informed decision making process. Therefore, the journal challenges the status quo of current academic research that suffers from disconnect to actual application by finding solution to the problems confronted by humanity. GSSR intends to become the global leader in introduction of innovations where theories connect with application while maintaining the best features of theoretical and applied aspects.
