The problem of the study was to explore the impact of academic achievement orientation in the context of private and public sector university students; it further aimed to investigate the impact of demographic variations such as gender, age, semester, birth order, number of siblings, discipline and family income in determining the level of academic achievement orientation of private and public sector university students. The achievement orientation attitude scale developed by Ansari was used to measure achievement orientations, which was consisted of 10 items. Data was collected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with various statistics, which provided an insight that students differ in terms of academic achievement orientations. Results revealed that students of public sector universities have higher academic achievement orientations. It is also recommended that at the university level, students may also learn self-management and ought to work hard in order to achieve their academic goals without an external push.

The main purpose of the study was to find out how task and contextual performance within organizations can be improved so as to achieve sustainable organizational performance. The study indicates that increasing task performance, which is about good implementation of formal job responsibilities, might result in favorable outcomes for sustainable organizational performance. Similarly, promoting contextual performance, which involves extra-role behaviors contributing to efficient organization operation, may also improve sustainable organizational performance. However, essentially, the research is all about raising both dimensions. This study aims at exploring the relationship between External Locus of Control (LOC), task performance and contextual performance among employees. The research design used was descriptive while data for the study was collected using convenience sampling method from 170 middle level managers of banks in Pakistan. After collecting data using a modified questionnaire, IBM SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used to analyze it. To conduct this analysis regression analysis was applied.

Human capital is the backbone of any business and its behavior reflects how the company would achieve its goals and objectives in its business. This study examines the relationship between psychological capital (PC) and employees’ engagement (EE) with the moderating role of conflict management (CM) in the financial sector of Pakistan. A questionnaire composed of established scales were administered to 278 employees in the financial sector, including various banks, investment companies, real estate companies, insurance companies, and brokerage firms at Islamabad. After determining the reliability, the model was analyzed with the help of correlation and regression. Research indicates that PC positively influences EE. This relationship improves further positively when conflicts are handled effectively. Overall, this effort contributes to the existing literature on the history of worker’s involvement by examining the direct impact of PC and CM on EE and moderation of CM.

This study is intended to find out the effects of demographic variables on the perceptions of university administrators about the implementation of e-learning management and delivery practices. Simple Random Sampling technique was exercised to choose public and private sector universities which were functioning in Lahore and Gujranwala division, recognized by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. The data was collected from university academic administrators. A pilot study was conducted to develop a questionnaire for administrators. Data were analyzed through SPSS-21. Findings were confirmed that the four demographic variables have a significant effect on the perceptions of university administrators about elearning management practices and delivery practices. Therefore, it is recommended that universities should focus on demographic variables on changing the perception of the administrators during implementing the e-learning infrastructure.

This study explores the purpose and role of public board meetings in the British National Health Service as an aftermath of public sector reforms. It deviates from the mainstream methodologies to study boards in action as it employs an ethnographic approach. Data has been collected through participant observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews from eighteen board members and members of the public, and documents in the form of board agenda and meeting minutes. Findings reveal that the purpose of the public board meetings is to manage their public image and to protect their reputation as rational actors and serve as a reporting function that excludes the public from active participation. Hence, this study asserts that public board meetings serve as a formal ritualized practice that performs board meetings. This study has practical implications as similar reforms have been introduced in other public organizations.

Pakistans banking sector shows a key role in its economic growth. Employee behavior in this sector is greatly affected by job-related factors. The drive of the study was to assess the impact of trust, rewards, and training on WE in the banking sector. Data were collected from a random sample of 150 correspondences through the survey questionnaire. The model of correlation and regression was used to scan the connection between the variables. Results based on the model of correlation and statistical regression revealed that all three factors, including trust, reward, and training, have a positive influence on the WE of the employees. This research is a distinct study of trust, rewards and training consequences on the employees WE from a banking perspective. The outcomes of the study, therefore, have a number of suggestions in the field of human resource for researchers and practitioners.

The study finds the effects of marketing strategies on the SME performance. Further, it explores the marketing strategies adopted by the pharmaceutical companies in various industrial sectors of KP. The Industrial Estate Hayatabad, Industrial Estate Hattar and Industrial Estate Gadoon were taken as sample areas for the selection of firms. Data was collected from 300 pharmaceutical firms in these Industrial Estates. Closedended questionnaire was used to collect data. The segmentation strategy, differentiation strategy, cost leadership strategy i.e. porter generic strategies were analyzed. The study used the correlation and regression model. Results reveal the cost leadership, differentiation strategy, segmentation have positive relationship with the firm performance. The findings also show that the cost leadership and differentiation strategy have significant effect while the segmentation strategy has insignificant effect on the performance of a firm.

The government's role as a digital platform brings with it challenges including the possibility that the freedom of expression and the right to privacy conflict with each other in the digital space. The citizen's privacy becomes exposed to new vulnerabilities. A citizen's voice, vote and changes in status, can be stolen or sabotaged with catastrophic individual and national consequences. Individual digital identity also must fall under digital property laws. One citizen's exercise of free speech can be trespassing of digital space for another citizen. The jurisdiction of the state in digital space must be redefined. The writ of the state in digital space must be more pervasive, and yet more narrowly defined,to protect the rights of all citizens.

The study was based on the investigation and validation of the association between the most emerging traits of human capital in the organizations i.e. Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Organizational Learning Capacity (OLC) and further testing the moderating role of Individual Innovation among the faculty and staff of Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) in Pakistan. The results show that EI has a significant contribution towards the OLC and when measured together with the trait of Individual Innovation the results significantly improved which suggest that individual innovation positively and significantly affect the relationship between EI and OLC. The study has implication for policymakers for the enhancement of EI traits in their employees and also for the individuals to focus and improve the value of EI in their personality to gain the benefits of their innovation and organizational learning capacity.

The paper focuses on the various aspects especially as globally accepted fact is that social and key economic indicators are influenced by the government activities. Public Sector Performance and efficiency reflect government priorities. The paper evaluates the public sector performance of Pakistan by calculating the Public Sector Performance Index based on seven indicators and these seven indicators are further classified into two broad groups. Many international studies have carried out the performance evaluation of public sectors of industrialized countries missing the public sector performance of Pakistan with other countries. With the aim, Public Sector Performance of Pakistan was compared with countries of South Asia and some developed countries. The research analyzes the public sector performance indicators of countries to calculate the overall performance. The paper aims to compare public sector performance of Pakistan with South Asian Countries and members of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which currently includes 34 Countries.