This paper investigates listed firm efficiency on Pakistan Stock Exchange by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The reason for application and calculation of the DEA score is to know how much the firms are efficient in utilizing their resources to be converted into output (sales/Net Income). An optimization technique (DEA) that helps calculate efficiencies of firm’s decision making Units (DMU’s) by taking different inputs and outputs variables. This paper uses DEA in measuring efficiency of 136 Pakistani firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Using secondary data set of 136 firms for the period 2008-2017, efficiency measurements are calculated by using financial ratios and financial indicators as input and output variables. Results show that some of the firms are efficient in utilizing their available resources in an efficient way to convert it into output, while some are inconsistent in efficiently utilizing their resources (inputs) to get the desired outputs.

This paper overviews socio-economic factors as determinants of working women earnings in education department of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 126 working females in September, 2017. Multinomial logistic regression technique has been used for the estimation of results. The main findings of the study are that education, experience, family income, and locality of job area showed positive relationship with working women earnings. However, marital status remained insignificant. Based on the findings of this study the researchers recommended that females are significantly contributing in family expenditures. Therefore, government should invest more in female’s education and prioritize it.

Drawing on empowerment literature and intrinsic motivation, this study examines the relationship of empowering leadership and employee outcomes (service performance and organizational citizenship behavior; OCB), along with mediating role of employee engagement. Based upon data of 970 officer level employees working in banking industry of Pakistan, hierarchical regression results demonstrated that empowering leadership behavior is positively related to employee service performance and OCB. Further, the results also reveal employee engagement partially mediated the relationships between empowering leadership and employee behavioral outcomes.

The main purpose of the study was to identify TL 's effect on employees' JS Crosssectional research design was selected for the study. Study participants were 177 employees from forty-one (41) private banks of district Swat. The instrument used for the study were Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MQL) Form 6 developed by (Avolio and Bass, 1990), TL scale developed by Hartog, De Hoogh, and Kalshoven (2013) and JS scale developed by Spector (1994). A convenience sampling method was applied for data collection. Results of the study revealed a significant positive association between TL 's components (IM, IC, II, IS), and JS IM and IS were the best predictors of JS.

The industrial sector of a country is considered to be one of the most significant contributors to its economic and social growth. Pakistani industrial sector has been suffering from energy deficiency due to energy crises for the last two decades, and as a result, its performance has been badly affected. The current performance of this sector can be increased by the adoption of energy conservation measures (ECMs) which would lead to economic, social, and environmental benefits. This paper explores the significant drivers for the adoption of ECMs in manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan. It also evaluates the relative significance of these drivers in various contexts and provides a foundation to determine where to address effective policy efforts accordingly. For the investigation of a possible correlation of significant cited drivers with the type of industry (variable), a one-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey posthoc tests are also carried out.

Benchmarking has been very important in measurement, comparison, and improvement. Important benchmarking indicators such as leverage, liquidity, stock performance, profitability, asset utilization and growth are used to examine the performance of various companies in different businesses. The current study is based on secondary data, which were collected from annual reports of 14 insurance companies of the Listed Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2014-2018. For this purpose, the Technique for order Preferences by the Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) has been used. The findings of the study help managers of moderate growth and low growth insurance companies to formulate policies to improve their performance by looking at the policies of highly growing Insurance companies. The results concluded that overall ranking of insurance companies from 2014 to 2018, JLIL ranked 1st in overall performance in the year 2014. It is due to high net sales and total investment returns as compared to other insurance companies.

The current study aims to explore the relationship between concessional debt and the services sector growth of Pakistan. The annual time series data for the period 1972 to 2019 has been employed. To find out the stationarity and order of integration, the ADF testis utilized. For the long-run relationship, Johansen's co-integration methodology is employed. The empirical results of the study manifest that growth in the services sector is sensitive to concessional debt in the long run. All other explanatory variables also demonstrated a positive and significant effect on services sector growth. VECM method is applied for short-run analysis. The lag of concessional debt is also positive in the short run. A negative and statistically significant lag of error correction term (ECT-1) reasserts the long-run relationship between services sector growth and concessional debt along with other explanatory variables.

Foreign capital inflows resulted in overall economic growth in many countries, but there are many concerns about its distributive effects,especially on fluctuating wages, which are still being investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic industry wages using micro-level data from Pakistan from 1996-97 to 2007-08. Foreign firms are expected to pay higher wages than that domestic firms in order to attract more labor; thus, if foreign and domestic firms compete in the same labor market, domestic firms would pay higher wages to recruit jobs, resulting in rising average domestic industry wages. The empirical analysis also shows that in Pakistan, FDI inflows raise industry wage premiums.The findings of the study are robust by the inclusion of various globalization and sector-related variables. To reap higher wages, Pakistan's government should promote FDI at the industry level.

The study focuses on difficult emotions experienced by the functional heads of two leading textile companies in Pakistan during the peak waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explicates the coping strategies developed at individual and group levels and provides a unique indigenous narrative of how leaders manage their emotional journey during the pandemic. The research design was qualitative, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were the primary method for data collection. The findings highlighted that the participants experienced fear, anxiety, loneliness, and frustration due to the COVID-19 pandemic and it also unveiled the measures adopted at organizational and national levels to manage and contain the viral spread. Furthermore, managers who accepted their own and their teammates' emotions were able to develop effective coping strategies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study contributes towards understanding human emotions in the workplace and how organizational leadership inculcates different coping strategies to process these emotions.

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of leader emotional labour strategies on job-related outcomes, job satisfaction (JS) and emotional exhaustion (EE) and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support (POS) under the theoretical support of conservation of resource (COS) theory. The current study was carried out by gathering data from doctors working in the Public Health sector of Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire survey was employed to gather responses. The selection process employed a simple random sampling technique. Results of the current study explicate that POS has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between leaders' emotional labour strategies and EE. At the same time, the moderated effect of POS on the relationship between leaders' emotional labour strategies and JS was not supported. The present study bridges the research gap by applying the COS theory and using POS as moderating variable to study relationships between leaders' emotional labour strategies and job-related outcomes (e.g., JS and EE).