The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech community constructs their bilingual identity in the multicultural settings of Lahore. The participants for the research were selected through purposive sampling technique. The data of the study was collected via interviews from 10 adults of Pashto speech community, who have been living in Lahore for more than five years. The study is based on the philosophy of Spolsky's (2004) Language Policy Framework, which considers language practices, beliefs and management as different ways of constructing identities. The nature of the data is descriptive and qualitative, and thematic analysis was used while the data coding was performed through Atlas.ti software. The findings revealed that the Pashto speakers use their first language (Pashto) in their home environment to maintain their language, identity and culture while using Urdu and English outside their home domain at their workplaces.

The aim of this quantitative descriptive study was to investigate the "relationship of child protection rights observance with the students' level of satisfaction at secondary school level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa". School management and students at the public sector secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the populations of the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 320 principals, 640 teachers and 3200 students from 320 randomly selected secondary schools. Three satisfaction scales of five-point Likert type options were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using percentage, chi-square (?2), and Pearson values. School management showed a significant relationship between child protection rights observance and the level of satisfaction of students. Observance of the fundamentals of child rights played a pivotal role in making sure the child protection rights. Students' mutual interaction did not impede the instructional activities of the school management through a significant number of the sample considered teaching as a hectic job.

This study critically questions the PLS paradigm of Islamic banks in fair distribution of profits.PLS paradigm theoretically enforces that there should not be a significant difference between the returns offered to IAH and returns offered to shareholders. Smoothing of return can have a potential problem as IAH do not have any control over managerial decisions while banks owner equity is affected through absorption through displaced commercial risk. Therefore, this study analyzes the previous literature in a critical and systematic way to ascertain if Islamic banks are distributing profits in a realistic manner or there are some anomalies in the PLS paradigm of Islamic banks. Furthermore, the literature was analyzed critically to find out the associated factors and constraints that lead Islamic banks to impairment of PLS paradigm. Through analysis of the literature, smoothing of income and PDM is discovered in the empirical studies of different researchers.Furthermore, constraints to efficiently and effectively managing the fair distribution of profits have been identified in the literature. These constraints shape several factors, which are broadly categorized as banking characteristics, macroeconomic and financial environment, geographic and population characteristics; corporate and legal environment. A diagrammatic representation of constraints framework is suggested based on available literature. Furthermore, future directions for future research are provided at the end

Employee associations serve as resources of interested employees in helping the advisory committees and the staff task forces. Besides, they may also help in publicizing information of interest, procedures, and policy to employees and participate actively in the process of academic review. In universities, a significant role is played by employees unions. Unlike Employee unions, the existence of employee associations differs a lot. Many benefits can be gained from the relationship between the management of the University and employee association. It has been found that in the past, universities in Pakistan have failed to revive and engage with their employees, due to which effectiveness was lost majorly by the associations present in the universities. This research paper will critically reflect upon the relationship between the employee association and the overall management of the universities of Peshawar. Further, it will also identify the significant barriers and issues faced by the employees associations.

The efficacious attitude of a person plays a vital role to develop psychological well-being, interpersonal and self-esteem. An individual with high level of self-efficacy is able to regulate and balance thoughts over actions. The basic purpose of the current study was to find out the relationship between self-efficacy and workplace stress of university teachers. A quantitative co-relational research design was followed to achieve the research objectives. 180 faculty members working in three different public sector universities in Pakistan were selected using multiphase sampling technique. Self-developed self-efficacy scale (based on two factors; general teaching efficacy and personal teaching efficacy) and workplace stress inventory were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed applying mean score, t-test and Pearson correlation. Findings of the study reveal indirect correlation between the level of teachers self-efficacy and their perceived stress at workplace. Few recommendations were made on the basis of the findings of this study.

This research work empirically assesses the relationship between the Quality Culture (QC) practices and core practices of Quality Management System (QMS) and investigates their direct and indirect influences on organizational performance. Data for this research work is collected from 80 Technical Services Organizations of Pakistan through mail survey and the proposed framework and hypotheses have been examined through Structural Equation Modelling. The results of hypotheses show that synergies among QCPractices have a positive impact on QMS-Core practices as well as organizational performance. Moreover, QMSCore practices mediate the relationship between QC-Practices and organizational performance. This empirically validated model can be used as a benchmark by future researchers for further examinations in other industries sectors, especially in manufacturing.

his study is conducted to identify the direction of the relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance of the non-financial sector of Pakistan from 2009 till 2018. This has also looked at the effect of restricted access to loan on the WCM- Profitability relationship. The findings confirmed that restricted loan accessibility impacts the WCM-Profitability relationship. The comparative analysis demonstrated that financially constrained firms are mostly non-family firms that are new, growing, smaller in size, face high risk, maintain high liquidity and tangibility ratios than non-constrained firms. Further, the working capital levels of financially constraint firms is lower because of high operating expenses and greater capital rationing. Managers and scholars may use these findings for the administration of their working capital policies in order to avoid the financial cost and create more opportunities for financial accessibility which is further beneficial for making informed investment decisions, yielding higher profits that contribute towards sustainable growth.

The research was designed to identify and analyze the need for School MIS at secondary and higher secondary school levels in Punjab. Three separate questionnaires were developed for school principals, teachers and parents. The population of the study was the principals, teachers and parent members of the school councils of public schools. Punjab has 36 districts and the study was delimited to 12 districts selected randomly. A 10% sample from each of twelve districts was taken. Findings of the study indicated that there is no type of school-based MIS available in public schools and there is a dire need of school-based MIS to easily record and retrieve information. It was concluded that school efficiency cannot be improved significantly without introducing school-based MIS in public schools of Punjab

The glass ceiling has been termed the factor for underrepresentation of women in higher management positions. Pakistani society is believed to be dominated by men in all walks including positions in higher management. The purpose of this study is to explore whether it is the glass ceiling or the personal barriers that result in the underrepresentation phenomena of women in higher management. This exploratory study has surveyed, through a semi-structured interview, the middle and higher-level women manager from private organizations located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The findings suggest that it is not only glass ceiling barriers but also personal characteristics that hinder womens professional growth. The study also contributes to identifying personal and glass ceiling barriers and their relative importance.

This study intended comparing the financial management competence of selected and promoted school principals (heads). It was quantitative and comparative in nature. The population was principals of government high schools in Upper Punjab. Purposive sampling technique was applied for sampling the size of 213 school heads from district Sahiwal. A selfdeveloped questionnaire comprising 34 items was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was found to be .82. Data were analyzed using advanced statistics using SPSS. The study established that school heads have awareness planning procedures and implementation processes but school heads are not confident to coordinate with stakeholders in financial matters of school. The significant difference appeared in financial management competence of promoted and selected school heads and males and females school principals. It was recommended that financial management orientation and training may be arranged for school heads of public secondary schools to improve their financial management competence.