Financial resources and allocations play a pivotal role in improving the learning and teaching system in any country. In that context, this study aims to explore the perceptions of secondary head-teachers relating to Budgetary Allocations and Financial Constraints in the context of Effective Management. A qualitative research method was employed in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 head-teachers working in secondary schools. The result from the interview data shows that the majority of the head-teachers were not satisfied with the budgets and funds provided to the schools, and found aspects of the procedures employed to be unhelpful. There was a tendency to expect more of schools on diminishing budgets and difficulties in being able to spend allocations efficiently and effectively for the maximum benefit of learners. The keys issues are identified and some positive ways forward suggested.

Novice-expert school teachers' conflicts and support significantly contribute to the working relationship, teaching performance and retention. The present study aims to phenomenologically analyze novice-expert school teachers' experiences of mutual support and conflicts and how it helps their professional development. Seven expert and seven novice teachers were purposively selected from private and public schools from a district located in Punjab, Pakistan, who were interviewed to gain an insight into the phenomenon. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed employing thematic analysis guided by the selected qualitative approach. It was revealed from the themes and sub-themes that novice teachers get support from the expert teachers, and they developed self-confidence and techniques to manage a classroom, solve students' problems and adjust themselves in the school successfully. The study implies that the conflicts between novice and experienced teachers can be resolved through promoting mutual understanding, cooperation, and communication.

The emerging trend of the use of LMS (Learning Management System) in higher educational institutes is improving the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this research was to find out the perspectives of teachers towards the use of LMS. The phenomenological case study approach was the focus of this study. All the teachers who were involved in course, section, and teachers allocations in LMS were taken as the participants of the study. The sample was selected by purposeful and convenient sampling techniques. Six teachers gave interviews, while 12 teachers filled the open-ended questionnaire from three campuses of the University of Education, Lahore. Thematic analysis of data indicated that there were four main categories of faculty perceptions towards using the Learning Management System. These were advantages, disadvantages, features, and problems faced by teachers in LMS. The researchers recommended intensive training of university faculty and students in the employment of the LMS.

This review expects to analyze the effect of human assets, the executives' arrangements on hierarchical responsibility, and the exhibition of the representatives. The review encased the strategies factor as an autonomous variable and the representative's exhibition as a reliant factor. This concentrate additionally plans to explore the job of association, the job of "hierarchical responsibility," as a middle person variable between the arrangements if (HRM) and the exhibition of the worker and to accomplish these points. The specialist has utilized the expressive scientific strategy, which addressed utilizing to check the construction reality of the review factors coming to utilize. The review has closed many outcomes, and quite possibly, the main result is that there is a positive association between human resources, the leaders, and the worker's presentation. The concentrate likewise tracked down an aberrant constructive outcome to the executives' human asset through the association responsibility with the rate higher than the immediate effect; the exploration progressed that all police creators of HRM and result in growing the representative's presentation.

Managing classrooms is the central component of effective teaching and learning practices and, therefore, has always been the concern of teachers. The literature demonstrated that classroom management techniques are generally oriented either towards discipline or towards engaging students with learning. Teachers generally perceive classroom management techniques with an orientation either towards one or both, and these perceptions are likely to guide them about the way they manage their classrooms. In this context, the main intent of this research was to identify techniques that school teachers perceive as classroom management techniques (along with their orientation) and to examine the effectiveness of those techniques for supporting students’ learning. This research further examines gender differences among teachers related to these questions. This research used descriptive survey research design. The teachers in 190 elementary schools of district Dera Ghazi Khan served as population. Using cluster and stratified random sampling techniques, a sample of 406 elementary school teachers was selected. Of these 406teachers, 128 were female, and 278 were male. A questionnaire, adopted from Asiyai (2011), was employed as a research tool. The reliability of the tool was computed through Cronbach-Alpha coefficient, and validity was ensured by aligning items with research questions. It was found that teacher sightly believe that although both discipline- and engagement-oriented aspects of management can be perceived as classroom management techniques, both are also effective for students' learning

The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teachers' classroom management practices and academic motivation. An information questionnaire was used to observe the relationship between teachers' classroom management practices and academic motivation. The sample of the study consisted of 300 (public and private sector) elementary students. In order to analyze the relationship between the teacher's classroom management practices and academic motivation at elementary level school combined instrument was developed by the researcher for this study. Data was collected personally by the researcher. Percentage and frequencies were calculated. Major findings of the study contain that there is a high level of association between the teacher's classroom management practices and academic motivation at elementary level schools.

This interview study aimed to explore the perceptions and practices of the university teachers regarding student engagement in History & Pakistan Studies classrooms. Data were collected from four PhD professors from a public sector university. A qualitative research design was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was done to extract findings from the qualitative data. The finding is arranged into three themes, i.e., student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. The finding suggested that teachers use different strategies and practices to improve student engagement. Moreover, teachers used different practices to make their classes interesting. It is reported that having a cordial teacher-student relationship is beneficial for enhancing student engagement level and overall performance at the postgraduate level of education. Effective classroom management plays a significant role in creating a positive learning environment for engaging instruction.

This study explored the lived experiences of novice elementary school teachers with respect to classroom management. This study used a phenomenological case study research design. Four novice elementary school teachers struggling with classroom management were selected from private elementary schools in Lahore. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit the lived experiences of the participants. All interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed for conducting a qualitative content analysis of the data. The analysis revealed that novice teachers faced various challenges in managing their class-and used multiple pedagogical techniques to handle day-to-day classroom issues. Usually, a new teacher is highly dependent on the support and help from the school management; irony, however, is that they seldom receive any. This study contributes to contextual knowledge related to the issues and needs of novice private elementary school teachers at the start of their careers.

Employees working in the workplace are electronically monitored in this digital age of globalization and digitization. Managing attendance by old-style methods is a tedious job putting signatures on attendance registers these days. Universities working under the influence of digitization have adopted bio metric attendance management systems. This study is an attempt to study the advantages and disadvantages of a bio metric attendance management system installed in the context of a university. The convenience research approach was employed as a research design to carry this research. It is qualitative research, and the data gathering gadget was the observation and discussion method. Researchers observed bio metric attendance management system operation critically and minutely for around two months and noted various modes and behaviors drawing outcomes. Findings displayed that the bio metric attendance management system has certain advantages and disadvantages. Advantages encompassed real-time in and out tracking, easy attendance record maintenance, work performance improvement, and controlling employee absenteeism. Conversely, disadvantages comprised job stress, disturbance due to load shedding of electricity, fear of salary deduction,and delay reaching to classes.

This review study consolidates the academic research on innovation management literature in relation to the innovative behaviour of employees.This study is based on a systematic review of the literature published on the topic of innovation management and employees' roles during the last 36 years(from 1990-2022). This review comprises '118' studies, including Empirical papers, Review papers and Conceptual papers. Various research streams and perspectives are extracted from the consideration set of this study as components of innovative behaviour, including Determinants of innovative behaviour and Dimensions of innovative behaviour. Also, numerous measures of both determinants and dimensions of innovative behaviours are studied during the narrative analysis of the selected articles. A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Innovative Roles of Employees in Organizational Innovation Management is mentioned as a finding of this study. In the end, the study's contribution, implications and limitations are stated.