Foreign capital inflows resulted in overall economic growth in many countries, but there are many concerns about its distributive effects,especially on fluctuating wages, which are still being investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic industry wages using micro-level data from Pakistan from 1996-97 to 2007-08. Foreign firms are expected to pay higher wages than that domestic firms in order to attract more labor; thus, if foreign and domestic firms compete in the same labor market, domestic firms would pay higher wages to recruit jobs, resulting in rising average domestic industry wages. The empirical analysis also shows that in Pakistan, FDI inflows raise industry wage premiums.The findings of the study are robust by the inclusion of various globalization and sector-related variables. To reap higher wages, Pakistan's government should promote FDI at the industry level.

The district of Mansehra, which is located on the historic Silk Road,has a long history of traditions. Several dynasties governed this region in the past, leaving their footprints in the form of heritage remnants. Hindus, Muslims,Sikhs, and British are the most noticeable among them. The current paper examines a few of these monuments and makes recommendations for how they may be used as tourist attractions. The current state of most structures is deplorable, and comprehensive conservation and tourist management strategy are urgently needed to optimize the benefits of cultural legacy.

This study analyzes the effects of foreign remittance on human capital by using the pooled data collected from HIES data sets, from 1998/99 to 2018/19. Two proxies (e.g., 1- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 15 years and above, 2- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 25 and above) are used for human capital. The panel data techniques, like Fixed effect,Random effect model, GLS regression, and Panel corrected standard error regression, are used. The results show a significant positive relationship between human capital measured in terms of both proxies and foreign remittances in overall Pakistan, but human capital in terms of the first proxy has a statistically significant association with foreign remittances in an urban and rural area, in terms of the second proxy, significant in urban, but not in rural areas. Per-capita-income has statistically significant positive effects on human capital in terms of both proxies in rural areas but does not have a significant effect in urban areas. It is recommended that the Government should formulate policies that can maximize the inflow of foreign remittances in Pakistan.

Health Care Delivery System, also abbreviated as HCDS, is a system devised by the state for the proper delivery of health care for their populations.This is a service providing system in which society's health is determined and steps are taken to maintain it. The aim of this article is to compare the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) of Pakistan and Russia. This research article presents the basic concept behind the health care delivery systems of two countries to take notice of the importance of human beings and take steps to maintain and promote the healthy life of the people of the community.Findings show the efficacy of this HCDS varies with the resources, demands and needs of the individuals along with the availability of finances. All the participants of a community receive the healthcare services continuously including health promotion, prevention of diseases, diagnosis and disease management, followed by rehab with palliative care. All of these are delivered at different levels of the system, at different sites of care as per the requirement of the users.

This paper focuses on exploring the way ingrained cultural wisdom and mechanisms provide the base for actualising official roles in formal organisations. Most of the formal interactions and transactions are made through personalised dealings (Qadeer, 1999). Some senior scholars feel that such cultural wisdom/mechanisms (like VB) are not relevant anymore (Chaudhary, 1999), but the current research and existing practices are giving a different picture of reality (Saher & Mayrhofer, 2014; Saher et al., 2014;
Qadeer, 1999). Considering this lacuna in literature and between literature and practice, this paper is going to unravel the process of informalization in formal organisations and will contribute to the ongoing debate on convergence divergence. This paper will also discuss the implications and extend guidance for future research in this field.

This study examines the risk management solutions used in the banking sector to meet the many risks. The report also evaluates how  conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan manage risk. This study used primary sources. First, senior managers, risk managers, and chief risk officers from Islamic and normal banks fill out a questionnaire. 51 financial institutions responded. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, t-tests, an ANOVA, and the LSD test. Regular banks' operational risk management strategies and stress test results differ from Islamic banks statistically. The study found no statistically significant difference between Islamic and conventional banks in how well they used risk management tools and systems, how much
market risk VaR they used, how much credit risk exposure they had, how they reduced that risk, and how they analyzed their credit risk portfolios.

Online learning has transformed higher education. Many empirical studies have been done on the challenges with online courses, but few have presented an overview. We reviewed the literature using Cooper's framework. Concerns were found to be common in three large groups: online students, teachers, and people who make materials. Online education had problems because students had different ideas about what was expected of them, their level of preparedness, and their level of engagement. Teachers had to deal with problems like getting used to their new roles in the classroom and having trouble with time management and how to teach. Considerations for content development, the role of instructors in content creation, the use of multimedia in content, the importance of instructional methods, and more came up during this research. Higher education institutions can help both teachers and students get past these problems by giving them opportunities.

This paper aims at building frequency profiles based on transitivity patterns of a small number of text corpora belonging to Pakistani English newspaper editorials. The profiles have been built by using UAM Corpus Tool (O’ Donnell, 2008) to explore transitivity features. The empirical analysis then has been compared with the frequency profiles of English language (Matthiessen, 2006 and Stubbs, 1996) to establish common features. The present work draws inspiration by Michael Halliday who is known as one of the pioneer corpus linguists since his early work on the Chinese language (Halliday 1956, cited in Halliday 1993). Mapping his (ibid) study on the BNC model he concluded that the relative frequencies of past and non-past are about 50-50 and the relative frequencies of positive and negative are about 9-1 (reported in Halliday 1993). Similarly, the present study looks closer to Standard English, and this is partially because the editorials are written by professional writers, and are well edited before printing.

The purpose of the study is to identity and develops a comprehensive construct for the entrepreneurs in Pakistani context. The study has used qualitative review to highlight the reasons of entrepreneurship and issues faced by emerging entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The study intended to investigate the extant literature on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition. The researchers focused on reputed and leading journals in order to contribute in a more objective manner. A comprehend review indicates that not just entrepreneurial factors but also shows how setups are branded. The study also highlights a comprehensive psychological model for quantitative testing. The previous studies only shows the importance and factors of entrepreneurship, however, this study also have highlighted the reasons for branding in emerging entrepreneurship. The study will impact to elaborate clearly on the information's about not only entrepreneurship but also the directions towards branding.

This study aims to extend the literature on workplace bullying and its impact on knowledge hiding directly and through the mediation of emotional exhaustion and psychological empowerment as a moderator after collecting data from 600 nursing staff working in public and private hospitals in Pakistan. The results revealed the negative impact of workplace bullying (WB) on knowledge sharing directly and partially with the mediation of emotional exhaustion (EE). However, the impact is reduced through the moderating effect of psychological empowerment (PE). The finding of our study has several implications for healthcare institutions or academic leaders and policymakers of organizations.