http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).12
10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).12
Published : Mar 2023
Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System
This study aims to extend the literature on workplace bullying and its impact on knowledge hiding directly and through the mediation of emotional exhaustion and psychological empowerment as a moderator after collecting data from 600 nursing staff working in public and private hospitals in Pakistan. The results revealed the negative impact of workplace bullying (WB) on knowledge sharing directly and partially with the mediation of emotional exhaustion (EE). However, the impact is reduced through the moderating effect of psychological empowerment (PE). The finding of our study has several implications for healthcare institutions or academic leaders and policymakers of organizations.
-
(1) Luqman Javaid
Institute of Management Sciences, (Pak-AIMS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Kaleem Irfan
Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, (Pak-AIMS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Asmat Nawaz Khattak
Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, (Pak-AIMS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Aggarwal, A., Chand, P. K., Jhamb, D., & Mittal, A. (2020). Leader–member exchange, work engagement, and psychological withdrawal behaviour: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 423. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00423
- Ahmad, A., Nabila, S., Ambad, A., Jamal, S., Nasir, A., Lajuni, N., & Lajuni, N. (2021). The moderation effect of job tenure on psychological empowerment and employee performance in Malaysia's public sector. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(4), 780-796. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i4/9733
- Ahmad, F. J., & Karim, M. (2019). Impacts of knowledge sharing: a review and directions for future research. Journal of Workplace Learning, 31(3), 207–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/jwl-07-2018-0096
- Al-Romeedy, B. S., Abou-Hamad, M. M., & Ali, I. E. H. (2023). The Impact of Psychological Contract Breach on Job Silence in Tourism Companies: Workplace Bullying as a Mediator. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 7(1/1). https://doi.org/10.21608/mfth.2023.270835
- Altıner, Ö. T., & Dikmen, A. U. (2023). Bullying Among Healthcare Workers Handbook of Research on Bullying in Media and Beyond (pp. 234-253): IGI Global.
- Anasori, E., De Vita, G., & Gürkan Küçükergin, K. (2023). Workplace bullying, psychological distress, job performance and employee creativity: the moderating effect of psychological resilience. The Service Industries Journal, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2022.2147514
- Ayala Calvo, J. C., & GarcÃa, G. M. (2018). Hardiness as moderator of the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment on burnout in middle managers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(2), 362-384. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/joop.12194
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173
- Bouckenooghe, D., Zafar, A., & Raja, U. (2015). How ethical leadership shapes employees’ job performance: The mediating roles of goal congruence and psychological capital. Journal of Business Ethics, 129, 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2162-3
- Chen, H., Richard, O. C., Boncoeur, O. D., & Ford Jr, D. L. (2020). Work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and counterproductive work behaviour. Journal of Business Research, 114, 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.025
- Connelly, C. E., ÄŒerne, M., Dysvik, A., & Å kerlavaj, M. (2019). Understanding knowledge hiding in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(7), 779-782. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2407
- Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of applied psychology, 74(4), 580. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.58
- Di Vaio, A., Hasan, S., Palladino, R., Profita, F., & Mejri, I. (2021). Understanding knowledge hiding in business organizations: a bibliometric analysis of research trends, 1988–2020. Journal of Business Research, 134, 560-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.040
- Einarsen, S. (2011). The concept of bullying and harassment at work: The European tradition. Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, editors: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice: USA CRC Press.
- Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work& Stress, 23(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
- Farley, S., Mokhtar, D., Ng, K., & Niven, K. (2023). What influences the relationship between workplace bullying and employee well-being? A systematic review of moderators. Work & Stress, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2023.2169968
- Fischer, M., & Horney, J. A. (2023). Impacts of the COVID-19 Response on Frontline Healthcare Workers COVID-19, Frontline Responders and Mental Health: A Playbook for Delivering Resilient Public Health Systems Post-Pandemic (pp. 135-152): Emerald Publishing Limited.
- Gagné, M., Tian, A. W., Soo, C., Zhang, B., Ho, K. S. B., & Hosszu, K. (2019). Different motivations for knowledge sharing and hiding: The role of motivating work design. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(7), 783-799. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2364
- Gillet, N., Cougot, B., Moret, L., Tripodi, D., & Boudrias, J.-S. (2023). Longitudinal psychological empowerment profiles, their determinants, and some health-related outcomes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2023.2170227
- Giorgi, F., Mattei, A., Notarnicola, I., Petrucci, C., & Lancia, L. (2018). Can sleep quality and burnout affect the job performance of shift- work nurses? A hospital cross-sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(3), 698-708. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13484
- Gonçalves, T., Curado, C., & Oliveira, M. (2023). Clarifying knowledge withholding: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113600 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113600
- Harbridge, R., Ivanitskaya, L., Spreitzer, G., & Boscart, V. (2023). Psychological empowerment and job crafting among registered nurses working in public health: A quantitative study. Applied Nursing Research, 69, 151649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151649
- Hashish, E. A. A., Hamouda, G. M., & Taha, E. E.- S. (2015). Nursing Students' Perception of Conflict Management Styles of Their Nursing Educators. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(21), 21-30 http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1079105.PDF
- Hauge, L. J., Skogstad, A., & Einarsen, S. (2009). Individual and situational predictors of workplace bullying: Why do perpetrators engage in the bullying of others? Work & Stress, 23(4), 349-358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678370903395568
- Hayat, A., & Afshari, L. (2021). Supportive organizational climate: a moderated mediation model of workplace bullying and employee well-being. Personnel Review, 50(7/8), 1685-1704.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied psychology, 50(3), 337-421.
- Hoel, H., Cooper, C. L., & Faragher, B. (2001). The experience of bullying in Great Britain: The impact of organizational status. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 443-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000780
- Holm, K., Jönsson, S., & Muhonen, T. (2023). How are witnessed workplace bullying and bystander roles related to perceived care quality, work engagement, and turnover intentions in the healthcare sector? A longitudinal study. International journal of nursing studies, 138, 104429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104429
- Huang, A., & Lee, A. N. (2022). Does Empowerment Matter? Promoting Employee’s Job Satisfaction, Creativity and Learning Commitment for Lifelong Employability Higher Education and Job Employability (pp. 195-215): Springer.
- rfan, K. U., & Islam, T. (2021). Empowering Nurses to Go the Extra Mile Through Ethical Leadership: A COVID-19 Context. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 21(4).
- Islam, T., Asif, A., Jamil, S., & Ali, H. F. (2022). How does abusive supervision affect knowledge hiding? The mediating role of employee silence and moderating role of psychological ownership. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems(ahead-of-print).
- Islam, T., & Chaudhary, A. (2022). Impact of workplace bullying on knowledge hiding: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of workplace friendship. Kybernetes(ahead-of-print).
- Islam, T., & Irfan, K. U. (2022). Can empowered employees go the extra mile? Journal of Public Affairs, 22(2), e2394.
- Juyumaya, J. (2022). How psychological empowerment impacts task performance: The mediation role of work engagement and moderating role of age. Frontiers in Psychology, 5546.
- Kaur, G. (2023). Targets’ Coping Responses to Workplace Bullying with Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Tolerance: A Two- Phased Study of Faculty in Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1083 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021083
- Khan, K., Nazir, T., & Shafi, K. (2021). The Effects of Perceived Narcissistic Supervision and Workplace Bullying on Employee Silence: The Mediating Role of Psychological Contracts Violation. Business & Economic Review, 13(2), 87-110. https://imsciences.edu.pk/files/journals/vol_13_2021/4New1114MA.pdf
- Kumar, N., & Jin, Y. (2022). Impact of nurses' emotional labour on job stress and emotional exhaustion amid COVID -19: The role of instrumental support and coaching leadership as moderators. Journal of Nursing Management.
- Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432960841485
- Liu, J., Liu, Y., & Zhang, C. (2020). Research status and influencing factors of nurse bullying in the workplace: A literature review. TMR Integrative Nursing, 4(5), 156- 162.
- Lotfi, Z., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., Mohtashami, J., & Nasiri, M. (2018). Relationship between ethical leadership and organisational commitment of nurses with the perception of patient safety culture. Journal of Nursing Management, 26(6), 726- 734. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12607
- Nguyen, T.-M., Malik, A., & Budhwar, P. (2022). Knowledge hiding in organizational crisis: The moderating role of leadership. Journal of Business Research, 139, 161-172 https://10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.033
- Nielsen, M. B., Notelaers, G., & Einarsen, S. (2011). Measuring exposure to workplace bullying. Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice, 2, 149-174.
- Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. (1978). Psychometric theory mcgraw-hill new york. The role of the university in the development of entrepreneurial vocations: a Spanish study, 387-405.
- Ozili, P. K., & Arun, T. (2020). Economic Effects of Coronavirus Outbreak.
- Raza, M. A., Imran, M., Rosak-Szyrocka, J., Vasa, L., & Hadi, N. U. (2023). Organizational Change and Workplace Incivility: Mediated by Stress, Moderated by Emotional Exhaustion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2008. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph20032008
- Ren, L., & Kim, H. (2023). Serial multiple mediations of psychological empowerment and job burnout in the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention among Chinese novice nurses. Nursing open.
- Rezwan, R. B., & Takahashi, Y. (2021). The psychology behind knowledge hiding in an organization. Administrative Sciences, 11(2), 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020057
- Roscoe, A. M., Lang, D., & Sheth, J. N. (1975). Follow-up Methods, Questionnaire Length, and Market Differences in Mail Surveys: In this experimental test, a telephone reminder produced the best response rate and questionnaire length had no effect on the rate of return. Journal of Marketing, 39(2), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297503900205
- Said, H., & Tanova, C. (2021). Workplace bullying in the hospitality industry: A hindrance to the employee mindfulness state and a source of emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 96, 102961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102961
- Saira, S., Mansoor, S., & Ali, M. (2020). Transformational leadership and employee outcomes: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-05-2020-0189
- Salanova, M., & Llorens, S. (2008). Current state of research on burnout and future challenges. Papeles del psicólogo, 29(1), 59- 67.
- Salin, D., & Notelaers, G. (2020). Friend or foe? The impact of high-performance work practices on workplace bullying. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(2), 312- 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12281
- Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: a meta-analytic review. Journal of applied psychology, 96(5), 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022676
- Sekeran, U. (2003). Research methods for business. Hoboken. NJ: John Wiley & Sons. The Journal of Management Development, 14(3), 3-13.
- Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation.Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.2307/256865
- Tan, C., Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2022). The mechanism of team-member exchange of knowledge hiding under the background of "Guanxi". Journal of Business Research, 148, 304-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.063
- Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive†model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of management review, 15(4), 666-681
- Törnroos, M., Salin, D., & Magnusson Hanson, L. (2020). High-involvement work practices and conflict management procedures as moderators of the workplace bullying– wellbeing relationship. Work & Stress, 34(4), 386-405.
- Vem, L. J., Peter, J. C., Tali, D. N., Ochigbo, A. D., Sambasivan, M., & Nmadu, T. M. (2023). Subordinates’ silence: the consequence of bullying behaviour and psychological insecurity among policemen. Management Research Review(ahead-of-print).
- Walker, J., Circo, D. K., Alzner, D., Bearss, E., & Stephenson, L. G. (2022). Abusive Managers/Supervisors' Impact on the Psychological Capital of Employees: The Implications of Workplace Bullying and Incivility Within the Context of Violence at Work Handbook of Research on the Complexities and Strategies of Occupational Stress (pp. 434-468): IGI Global.
- Wang, J., Tian, S., Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Wei, X., Zhou, X., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The Relationship Between Perceptions of Leader Hypocrisy and Employees’ Knowledge Hiding Behaviors: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 133-147.
- Wang, S., & Liu, Y. (2015). Impact of professional nursing practice environment and psychological empowerment on nurses' work engagement: a test of structural equation modelling. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3), 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12124
- Wen, J., Huang, S. S., & Teo, S. (2023). Effect of empowering leadership on work engagement via psychological empowerment: Moderation of cultural orientation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.12.012
- Yan, Z., Mansor, Z. D., & Choo, W. C. (2023). Family incivility, emotional exhaustion, and hotel employees’ outcomes: a moderated mediation model. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management(ahead-of-print).
- Yao, Z., Zhang, X., Luo, J., & Huang, H. (2020). Offense is the best defense: The impact of workplace bullying on knowledge hiding. Journal of Knowledge Management. 24(3), 675–695. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-12-2019-0755
- Zapf, D., Knorz, C., & Kulla, M. (1996). On the relationship between mobbing factors, and job content, social work environment, and health outcomes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 215- 237. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414856
- Zhao, H., & Jiang, J. (2021). Role stress, emotional exhaustion, and knowledge hiding: The joint moderating effects of network centrality and structural holes. Current Psychology, 1-13.
- Zhao, H., Liu, W., Li, J., & Yu, X. (2019). Leader– member exchange, organizational identification, and knowledge hiding: The moderating role of relative leader–member exchange. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(7), 834-848. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2359
- Zhou, H., & Chen, J. (2021). How does psychological empowerment prevent emotional exhaustion? psychological safety and organizational embeddedness as mediators. Frontiers in Psychology, 2945.
Cite this article
-
APA : Javaid, L., Irfan, K., & Khattak, A. N. (2023). Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System. Global Social Sciences Review, VIII(I), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).12
-
CHICAGO : Javaid, Luqman, Kaleem Irfan, and Asmat Nawaz Khattak. 2023. "Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System." Global Social Sciences Review, VIII (I): 124-138 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).12
-
HARVARD : JAVAID, L., IRFAN, K. & KHATTAK, A. N. 2023. Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System. Global Social Sciences Review, VIII, 124-138.
-
MHRA : Javaid, Luqman, Kaleem Irfan, and Asmat Nawaz Khattak. 2023. "Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System." Global Social Sciences Review, VIII: 124-138
-
MLA : Javaid, Luqman, Kaleem Irfan, and Asmat Nawaz Khattak. "Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System." Global Social Sciences Review, VIII.I (2023): 124-138 Print.
-
OXFORD : Javaid, Luqman, Irfan, Kaleem, and Khattak, Asmat Nawaz (2023), "Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System", Global Social Sciences Review, VIII (I), 124-138
-
TURABIAN : Javaid, Luqman, Kaleem Irfan, and Asmat Nawaz Khattak. "Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. I (2023): 124-138. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).12