The traditional Balti dresses were made with a beautiful material, "Pattu". We conducted a survey regarding the procedure of pattu making in Baltistan. The data was collected through in-depth interviews of 30 personnel who were associated with pattu making art. Thematic analysis has been adopted to examine the responses. Pattu fibre was obtained from sheep next convert into yarn and then into the fabric. Pattu was dyed with the help of leaves and fruits. Pattu was used in garments, caps, shawls and carpets. It is the need of time to work on the revival of this dying art of making pattu with new innovations to improve the procedure and speed of making fabric. This study will provide knowledge to our new generations about traditional fabric which helps them build a strong bond with the culture. Bringing the skilled persons from Baltistan on the front line and create economic opportunities for them.

This research was conducted at Tehsil Jaranwala, District Faisalabad in 2019 with the aim to explore social and economic hurdles which were responsible for less level of yield productivity in the agriculture sector. The rural areas of Faisalabad containing agriculturall and were selected for the selection of the sample. The farmers with a small size of landholding were the target population of the present study. A multistage sampling technique was applied in the study, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed for the collection of data from 300respondents. At the first stage, Tehsil Jaranwala of District Faisalabad was selected. At the second stage, ten union councils were selected for the selection of the sample. At the third stage, a sample of 300 respondents (30from each union council) was selected. Chi-Square was applied to test the hypothesis. It is the need of the hour to explore the issues and hurdles which put a hindrance in production so that this sector may play a significant role in the development of Pakistan. The results of the study showed that lack of awareness, illiteracy, low standard of living, poverty and less usage of technology in agriculture, the decline in soil fertility, population pressure,lack of support services, water scarcity, and poor access to fertilizer were the serious issues and factors which were responsible in the way of agricultural development in Pakistan.

Culture guides the individuals to live their lives according to the beliefs set by the people of that culture. In order to know about the cause of any illness, the combination of knowledge and culture is considered to be a powerful tool. The study aimed to see the cultural perceptions about mental illness in Jalalpur Pirwala. This study focused on the carers of mentally ill persons by observing their perceptions regarding the mentally ill person of their families. The subject of the research was 18-60 years old mentally ill persons. Data collection methods included observation, unstructured interviews with practitioners (spiritual healers/bhoopa), and in-depth interviews were conducted with caretakers of mentally ill persons, selected through snowball sampling. Findings showed that cultural beliefs regarding mental illness are related to supernatural or divine phenomena in which causes of mental illness are Allah's will or punishment, witching, black magic, evil eye, curse or women's fault.

The study's goal is to see how servant leadership and corporate culture affect work engagement. While leadership has been proven to have an impact, the effect and procedure underlying work engagement has attracted scant attention. Despite the fact that servant leadership followers are more inclined to be involved, this is especially relevant of servant leadership. We investigate the role organizational culture plays like a potential mediator in the study below, seeking to discover whether servant leadership builds organizational culture that, as a result, enhances work engagement. Overall,we find strong evidence suggesting servant leadership can forecast organizational culture along with the other extensions related to job engagement which include dedication, absorption and vigor, while organizational culture, undermines the effect of servant leadership style. Lastly,all three components of work engagement are positively related to an organization's culture.

Jokes are specific discourses that contain cultural, historical and region-specific references. In order to understand the salience of these discourses, the common ground of interlocutors is significantly important. The current study explores how non-natives English speakers comprehend English jokes. In addition, it aims to know the difficulties and the lexical issues encountered by Pakhtoon and Sindhi participants in interpreting English jokes. The researchers used a mixed-method approach for this study. The population of this study includes Pakhtoon and Sindhi undergraduate students.A sample of 20 students was selected and two types of tools were used to check the English jokes comprehension skills of participants. The socio-cognitive approach is used as a theoretical framework and the results of quantitative data were presented with the help of pie charts. Results of this study show that ethnic, religious, racial, and jokes having historic references are difficult to understand. Individuals' social knowledge of English culture is important for comprehending English jokes. Knowledge of semantic expressions, ample knowledge and wisdom of culture-specific words and idioms are important for identifying the salience aspects of English jokes.

This research paper investigates the universality and enduring relevance of Shakespeare'sworks across cultures and societies. Through an analysis of his masterful use of language and exploration of fundamental human experiences, such as love, loss, and power, this paper argues that Shakespeare's characters and stories continue to resonate with contemporary audiences. The paper highlights the broad range of themes tackled by Shakespeare, including politics, gender, and social norms, and their relevance to the human experience. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes how Shakespeare's works provide valuable insight into the cultural and societal norms of his time, and how his exploration of complex ideas and themes through language demonstrates the power of literature.This paper highlights the importance of exploring the timelessness and relevance of Shakespeare's works across cultures and societies to connect us to each other and the larger world. The paper concludes that the universality of Shakespeare's works reflects the capacity of art to transcend time and place and the enduring power of the human imagination.

Climate change has meaningful effects on sugar cane production worldwide. The data were collected from Beuro Sindh Karachi. A coefficient of correlation and ANOVA were applied. The results of the coefficient of correlation indicated a positive relationship between climate and sugar cane production. of (0.63) conclude that there is a (Moderate positive correlation between the climate and sugar cane production of the Hyderabad district. The results of the model show that the coefficient of correlation of (0.310) concludes that there is a (Week positive correlation between the climate and sugar cane production in the Badin district. The results of the model show that the coefficient of correlation of (0.088) concludes that there is a (Highly weak positive correlation between the climate and sugar cane production of Shaheed Banazirabad district. The probability value is also less than the
specified value of the level of significance (0.05). So, the production of sugar cane is not the same for all districts.

This article examines climate-smart adaptation strategies and their impact on agriculture and food security in Punjab's Chakwal District, Pakistan. The study assesses climate change effects, evaluates adaptation methods, and identifies challenges for scaling up. Results show climate change is harming agricultural production, affecting weather patterns and reducing yields. Though climate-smart strategies are implemented, their effectiveness needs improvement. Lack of farmer awareness hinders scaling up. Findings stress raising awareness, providing support, and strengthening institutions for adoption. Policymakers, NGOs, and stakeholders can benefit from the study's implications. Efforts should focus on increasing awareness, support, and institutional strengthening for effective implementation. The survey provides insights for future interventions and policies to boost climate resilience in the region.

Throughout history, political instability has been a persistent issue for diasporic communities, exacerbating the challenges they already face. The present research endeavours to examine the impact of political turmoil on diasporic communities, with a particular focus on its role in shaping cultural identity, hybridity, and conflicting loyalties. The present research employs a qualitative analysis to amalgamate a substantial corpus of literature and deduces that diasporas are significantly impacted by political instability and violence, resulting in adverse outcomes such as relocation, trauma, and cultural identity loss. This study delves into the complexity of diasporic identity and the notion of hybridity, frequently linked to diaspora communities. Empirical evidence suggests that diasporic communities frequently experience a sense of estrangement and encounter competing allegiances due to their inability to fully assimilate their cultural heritage into their novel surroundings. Research has demonstrated the significance of comprehending diasporic identities and the obstacles that individuals encounter, particularly within the framework of contemporary political instability.The research findings highlight the need for policymakers and stakeholders to take into account the distinctive perspectives and experiences of diasporas, particularly in light of current political unrest. In order to comprehend and help diaspora groups, it also emphasizes the need for additional research on diaspora identity, cultural hybridity, and competing loyalties.

The primary goal of this research is to discover and explain how farmers in Faisalabad utilise social media and interposed channels to receive agricultural knowledge. Furthermore, the study was intended to investigate farmers' socio-demographic traits and their subsequent link with the usage of social media and interpersonal communication channels. Data for this research study were gathered from 257 farmers in the Faisalabad district. A structured questionnaire was utilised to collect data as part of the survey approach. Among the social media, Facebook is the most used media and among interpersonal channels Cosmopolite's character of famers was rated highest.