The Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Bank Performance: A Case of Pakistani Banking Sector
Merger and acquisition is the strategy used by banks to expand its development process. In the current study operating and market performance has been assessed of the Banks exercised the M&A by taking the data from 2005-17. The main focus of the study is to evaluate the Banks performance using data collected from nine banks gone through the merger and acquisition strategy with the help of ordinary least square model. The results show significant relationship operating performance but insignificant relation with market performance. Findings provided an opportunity for the Banks to study and utilize the M&A strategy for capturing market share and further development in the competitive market. Furthermore, a glimpse for potential investors has been provided who want to create a profitable portfolio according to market concentration. The implications demands that proper improvement should be considered for the mechanism and regulatory policies to ensure the security of Banks.
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Return on Assets, Merger and Acquisition, Pakistan Stock Exchange, Banks, Operating Performance, Market Performance.
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(1) Muttalib
MS Management Sciences, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Faizan Malik
Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Shehzad khan
Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Violations of Basic Children Rights at Elementary Level Education
Violations of children rights are the grey areas in Pakistan that have grave consequences for the educational progress of students especially those studying at elementary level. This study probes the major children rights contravention at elementary level schools located in Pakistan; particularly in government sector schools where the learning course is usually taken by the principals and teachers as a regular affair without any fervent approach. In order to investigate the state of children rights in schools, principal, teachers and students from rural and urban area public sector institutions of Capital Territory Islamabad were taken as the sample for this study so that the state of these institutions in terms of providing basic rights to elementary students could be analyzed and it could be seen if they affect the performance of children in class or not. The result indicates the prevalence of several nuisance areas including corporal punishment, bullying, unhygienic environment, lack of educational facilities and proper infrastructure in these institutions which are directly affecting the performance of children in form of a decline in learning outcomes, specifically in rural areas where the use of physical punishment is reported to be practiced more in ratio as compared to urban areas. The study is significant as it explores issues and causes for children rights violations and suggests the necessary measures that would make the learning environment more conducive for students.
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Children Rights Violation, Corporal Punishment, Elementary Education, Academic Performance
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(1) Syed Azam Shah
Principal, F.G Public School, HIT Taxila Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Syed Manzoor Hussain Shah
Professor, Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP. Pakistan.
(3) Umbreen Ishfaq
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan.
Corporate Sustainability Practices and Organizational Economic Performance
Since last decade corporate sustainability has been of great interest to practitioners and researchers, both. Successful implementation of sustainability practices is vital for organizational survival and competitive advantage. Based on institutional theory, this study aims at to enhance understanding regarding the relationship of sustainability practices and corporate performance directly and indirectly through non-financial performance. Data from managerial level employees of manufacturing and services providing organizations of Pakistan was collected through a survey questionnaire. Based on 346 participants’ responses we found that sustainability practices (exploration and exploitation) have significant relationship with financial and market performance. The multi-mediation analysis shows that all mediators partially mediate the relationship between sustainability practices and corporate performance. In the context of Pakistan, this study is the first of its kind to validate sustainability practices scale.
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Sustainability Practices, Financial and Market Performance, Non-financial Performance, Multiple Mediation
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(1) Sajid Rahman Khattak
Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Imran Saeed
Lecturer, Institute of Business & Management Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Bilal Tariq
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSAT, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan.
Academic Performance of Students in Mathematics and English: A Case Study of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
The present study investigates the major factors associated with academic performance of students in Mathematics and English. The data are collected from matric level students who have passed the 9th class examination in the area of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan through questionnaire. The performance in these two subjects is measured through scores of students in 9th class board examination in these subjects. Significant factors in the performance in these subjects are measured through Chi-square test of association. The analysis conclude that the factors area, accommodation, daily study hour, parent’s education and parent’s concept of Mathematics and English were found to be significantly associated with the performance in these two subjects.
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Academic Performance, Chi-square, Student’s achievements, Socioeconomic status, Association
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(1) Dost Muhammad Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Amjad Ali
Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Inayat Ullah Alamgir
Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Abstract
Government Sector Performance of Pakistan, South Asia and 34 OED Countries-International Policy Issues in the Contemporary World
The paper focuses on the various aspects especially as globally accepted fact is that social and key economic indicators are influenced by the government activities. Public Sector Performance and efficiency reflect government priorities. The paper evaluates the public sector performance of Pakistan by calculating the Public Sector Performance Index based on seven indicators and these seven indicators are further classified into two broad groups. Many international studies have carried out the performance evaluation of public sectors of industrialized countries missing the public sector performance of Pakistan with other countries. With the aim, Public Sector Performance of Pakistan was compared with countries of South Asia and some developed countries. The research analyzes the public sector performance indicators of countries to calculate the overall performance. The paper aims to compare public sector performance of Pakistan with South Asian Countries and members of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which currently includes 34 Countries.
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Performance Indicator, Public Sector, Performance Evaluation, OECD, Pakistan
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(1) Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Ahsan Rafiq
Research Scholar, Department of Leadership and Management Sciences, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Waseem Ishaque
Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
How Head Teachers Motivate: Exploring Perceptions of Teachers about Head-Teachers Motivational Techniques at Higher Education
Motivation is a key aspect of every workplace if the workforce is to function effectively and efficiently. This study explores that leadership in higher institutions of education in KPK Pakistan, looking at a typical set of 12 male and 12 female higher institutes. The aim was to offer a picture of the current situation, as perceived by principals and teachers, and to explore differences in their perceptions. The views of the Heads of the Institutions (Principals) and a sample of their teachers were gathered using a questionnaire. This suggests that there may well be two very different kinds of motivations atmospheres in the sample of colleges surveyed. Secondly, where teachers tend to respond well to a supportive, affirmative approach on the leadership, where they feel valued and good work is praised, as well as being given the freedom and trust to innovate, the Principals tend to a more authoritarian approach.
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Motivation, Performance, Higher Education, Heads, Teachers, Motivational Techniques.
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(1) Muhammad Naseer Ud Din
Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat.
(2) Nasrin Akhter
Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Waqar Un Nisa Faizi
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Work- Family Conflict and its Impact on Job Performance of Female Teachers of Frontier Education Foundation Girls Colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The study investigated family interference with work conflict (FIW) among female teachers based on selected demographic variables and its impact on their job performance; with job performance as the dependent variable and FIW the independent variable. The data was gathered from 295 female teachers from fifteen FEF girls’ degree colleges across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through a survey questionnaire of 42 closed-end items on five-point Likert scale. Of the total 295 teachers, 220 respondents including 177 married and 43 unmarried returned the questionnaire. The findings divulged that the teachers faced FIW with different magnitude based on various demographic factors and has an adverse impact on their job performance. The findings are useful for researchers, policy makers, teacher and employers as they give an insight into the female teachers’ problems in their efforts of balancing their roles in family and work domains.
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Work-family Conflict, College Teachers, Job Performance, Pakistan, KPK
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(1) Farid Ullah Khan
Assistant Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
(2) Waqar Un Nisa Faizi
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar.
(3) Muhammad Naseer Ud Din
Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
Empowered Leadership and Employee Outcomes: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement
Drawing on empowerment literature and intrinsic motivation, this study examines the relationship of empowering leadership and employee outcomes (service performance and organizational citizenship behavior; OCB), along with mediating role of employee engagement. Based upon data of 970 officer level employees working in banking industry of Pakistan, hierarchical regression results demonstrated that empowering leadership behavior is positively related to employee service performance and OCB. Further, the results also reveal employee engagement partially mediated the relationships between empowering leadership and employee behavioral outcomes.
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Empowering Leadership, Employee Engagement, Service Performance, OCB, Banking Sector of Pakistan
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(1) Usman Ghani
PhD Scholar (LMS), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(2) Muhammad Tahir Masood
Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt. Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Zia Ur Rehman
Assistant Professor, LMS Department, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Exploring the Role of Fun in Organizational Commitment, Creative Performance, and Job Stress: A Case of Higher Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Any organization desires to have an environment of less job stress, committed employees, and impressive performance in every dimension of their organization. The study at hand is designed to find how fun is related to organizational commitment, creative performance, and job stress. The study is qualitative in nature and used a single case-study design as a research strategy. The target population is an institution of higher studies. Sixteen faculty members from the institute participated. The faculty members were interviewed to find out the relationship of fun with the aforementioned constructs. Findings indicated that people had felt more commitment towards the organization due to fun at the workplace. Fun also proved to be instrumental in enhancing creative performance and reducing job stress. The study provides incentivize directions to institutions and make employees productive cum creative performers. Along with the implementers the policymakers can take benefit from the study.
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Fun at Workplace, Organizational Commitment, Creative Performance, Job Stress, Humor
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(1) Muhammad Tufail
Lecturer in Management Sciences, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan
(2) Nazim Ali
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Sardar Alam Khan
PhD Scholar,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.
SAARC after Three Decades
The paper explores the progress of regional cooperation in various functional areas as identified by South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) since its inception in 1985. It also examines whether and to what extent SAARC has been successful in accomplishing the goals enshrined in its charter. SAARC was formed: to promote peace, amity, stability and progress in the region; to promote the welfare and quality of life of people; to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development, and; to attain collective and national self-reliance through joint efforts. SAARC made significant progress in several areas, such as: agriculture and rural development; environment; science and technology; human resource development including education, arts, culture and sports; transport; telecommunications, and information and communication technology; tourism, and energy. It has concluded several agreements and conventions besides setting up a few regional centres to realize its objectives. Generally, SAARC has not successful in implementing its programs and projects due to various reasons. It has been short of achieving several of its goals which makes its performance dismal.
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SAARC, South Asia, Regional Cooperation, IPA, Performance
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(1) Manzoor Ahmed Naazer
Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
(2) Sumbul Hussan
Junior Research Fellow at HRC, Islamabad, Pakistan.