Social Capital and its Impact on Business Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises of Sindh (Pakistan)
Social capital is a significant resource for Small and Medium-sized firms. Social Capital resources generate assets for firms which in turn contributes towards the performance of firms. The paper analyzes the relationship of Social Capital with SMEs Performance operating in Sindh. Research has investigated the impact of the personal, professional, associative, and institutional network towards performance. To attain the purpose of the paper, the data was gathered using a questionnaire from 395 entrepreneurs of SMEs of Sindh Province. The regression and correlation techniques are employed to evaluate the relationship and to investigate the hypothesis. Results revealed a significant relationship between Social Capital and Firms performance
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Business Performance, Social Capital, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
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(1) Saqib Wahab Mahar
PhD Scholar, Institute of Business Administration,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Ikhtiar Ali Ghumro
Professor,Institute of Commerce,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan.
Impact of Homework on the Student Academic Performance at Secondary School Level
Homework is the means by which the relationship between home and school is demonstrated and developed, leading to more consistent progress in all aspects of school life. The current research was carried out in Gilgit Baltistan to find out the impact of homework on the academic performance of students at secondary level. The research was observed by teachers of Gilgit Baltistan public schools while 100 teachers were chosen by a random sampling technique as a sample. Questionnaires were as a research instrument. The study found that homework impacts learning for learners, its impact differs with the age of students, and it plays an important role in student achievement. The study proposed that homework should be purposeful, i.e. it should include the introduction of new content, the practise of skills, the creation of any data and the ability for students to explore topics of their own interest.
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Homework, Academic, Performance, Skills, Ability
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(1) Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq
Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit - Baltistan, Pakistan.
(2) Anila Fatima Shakil
Associate Professor, Department of Education, Jinnah University for Women Karachi, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Naseer Ud Din
Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
Augumenting Task and Contextual Performance: Analysing the Critical role of Locus of Control for Sustainable Organizational Performance
The main purpose of the study was to find out how task and contextual performance within organizations can be improved so as to achieve sustainable organizational performance. The study indicates that increasing task performance, which is about good implementation of formal job responsibilities, might result in favorable outcomes for sustainable organizational performance. Similarly, promoting contextual performance, which involves extra-role behaviors contributing to efficient organization operation, may also improve sustainable organizational performance. However, essentially, the research is all about raising both dimensions. This study aims at exploring the relationship between External Locus of Control (LOC), task performance and contextual performance among employees. The research design used was descriptive while data for the study was collected using convenience sampling method from 170 middle level managers of banks in Pakistan. After collecting data using a modified questionnaire, IBM SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used to analyze it. To conduct this analysis regression analysis was applied.
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Task Performance, External Locus of Control, Banking Sector of Pakistan, Contextual Performance, Middle-Level Managers
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(1) Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies (LMS), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
The University Environment's Contributions to the Teachers' Performance
The current investigation is a struggle to find the University’s environment’s contributions to the teachers’ performance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The overall population under this study was 4000 teachers and 79000 students enrolled in 19 universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Different sampling techniques were used at different levels (Multistage). At the first stage out of 19 public sectors HEC recognized general universities, only six universities were selected through simple random sample technique. At second stage a stratified random sample of 270 students of six universities was taken for this study. Two questionnaire one for performance of teachers and second for internal environment was used. The ANOVA, t-statistic and Regression were used. The result shows the significant contributions of environment in the teachers’ performance
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Impact, Environment of University, Performance of Teachers,Higher Level
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(1) Qamar Uz Zaman
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education,Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Liaquat Hussain Shah
Assistant Professor,Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Asif Jamil
Professor, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Effects of Leadership on School Performance: Comparison between Perceptions of Teachers and Head Teachers of Special and Regular Schools
This study compared the perception(s) of teachers and headteachers working in special schools and those in regular schools about the effect of leadership on the performance of the school. The sample included 100 teachers and 50 headteachers from each of the school categories in Karachi city. The analysis of data was carried out by using descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-test. The results revealed that teachers and headteachers perceived leadership style to be affecting the performance of the school. The headteachers and teachers from regular schools and teachers from special schools scored highest on their response(s) demonstrating that headteachers anticipated the role teachers working under their leadership in inculcating knowledge, skills, and attitudes among students; whereas, the score of the responses of the headteachers of special schools appeared to be highest indicating that they guide their teachers how to attain the goals of their school(s).
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Head teacher, leadership, school performance
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(1) Sadia Siddiqui
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Special Education, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
(2) Shahida Sajjad
Professor, Department of Special Education, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
(3) Irshad Hussain
Professor, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Linking Strategic Orientations, Dynamic Capabilities, and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Pakistani Pharmaceutical Industry
The paper aims to extend the resource-based view to dynamic capability view under dynamic environment, by investigating the effects of three strategic orientations (i.e., customer, competitor, and technology) on firm performance mediated through dynamic capabilities. A sample of 180 pharmaceutical firms of Pakistan was drawn using simple random sampling. Data was collected through a self-administrated questionnaire and analyzed using the variance-based structural equation modeling. The findings demonstrated that customer, competitor, and technology orientations have both a direct and indirect relationship with firm performance. The study offers Pakistani pharmaceutical firms a better comprehension of their strategic orientations and demonstrates how the alignment of strategic orientations with dynamic capabilities may result in better firm performance.
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Strategic Orientations, Dynamic Capabilities, Firm Performance, Pharmaceutical Industry, Pakistan.
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(1) Shehla Zaman
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan.
(2) Aneel Salman
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan.
(3) Omer Farooq Malik
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan.
Effects of Corporate Governance on Capital Structure and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Listed Cement Corporations in Pakistan
The key aim of current research is to investigate the influence of CG on financial performance (FP) and capital structure (CS) of cement companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). To accomplish this purpose, twenty cement firms listed on the PSX was deployed from 2005 to 2014. Auto-correlation and heteroscedasticity were tested and Regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. SPSS 21 is conducted to perform the analyses.CG is analyzed via board size, board independence, and institutional ownership while, return on assets and return on equity are employed to analyze FP, whereas CS is calculated via debt to equity. The outcomes document that CG positively affects FP, however, negatively impact CS. This research not only contributes to examining the impact and association between CG, FP, and CS but also prove the outcomes of previous studies that have presented a significant influence and association between CG, FP, and CS.
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Corporate Governance, Capital Structure, Financial Performance, Pakistan Stock Exchange
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(1) Mahboob Ullah
PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Nouman Afgan
Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Preston University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Sajjad Ahmad Afridi
Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
International Financial Reporting Standards, Accounting Conservatism, and Firm Performance: Evidence from UAE
European Union passed a resolution in 2002, which bound all the listed companies and firms and required the consolidated and simple accounts to use Financial Reporting Standards starting from January 2005. It will improve firm performance and will have an influence on the information environment for the listed firms. This study provides empirical and theoretical literature regarding the adoption of IFRS, accounting Conservatism and firm performance. This paper provides different theories that discuss the impact of IFRS and accounting conservatism on a firm performance that includes positive accounting theory, modernization theory, contingency theory, and world system theory.
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IFRS, Accounting Conservatism, Firm Performance, IASB, UAE
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(1) Maqsood Haider
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,FATA University, F.R. Kohat, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Aamir
Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Tahir Khan
Assistant Professor,Faculty of Economics and Business, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.
Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Financial Performance of Bidding Banks in Pakistan
Merger and acquisition (M&A) is a growth policy for business to achieve desire objectives. Its importance is showed by the number of transaction in the previous year. Thus, this study is conducted to know about the influence of M&A on firm performance. The current study is to identify the influence of M&A (pre and post) on bidding banks in Pakistan. And then to analyze factors of firm, industry and countrylevel effect the financial performance of M&A firms. For this purpose, selected 51 listed bidder banks during 2002-2013 and used descriptive statistics, Z test, and regression models for analysis. Results show that M&A is failed to produce a fruitful result for bidding banks in Pakistan. Hence, recommended that direction and practical implication are provided to banks, investors, and policymakers to get knowledge about M&A to secure their investment from financial losses.
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Merger and Acquisition, Bidder Banks, Firm Performance
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(1) Muhammad Faizan Malik
Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan.
(2) Ihtisham Khan
Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan
(3) Muhammad Ilyas
Lecturer, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan.
Internally Oriented High-performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector in Pakistan
This study analyses the influence of high-performance work systems on organizational performance. As, previous studies have mostly focused on individual HR practices in determining the influence of HR practices on performance so research is needed to analyze the combined effect of HRM practices as system to understand the importance of HR on performance. Based on AMO framework, this study investigated the effect of HR system on organizational performance using employees’ perspectives in highly interdependent work settings. In this study, primary data was obtained from 218 bank branches in collaboration with Institute of bankers Pakistan and bank management in the form of managers’ and employees’ perceptions about HPWS and its effect on performance. Results suggest that HPWS was significantly linked to deposits, advances and unit level profitability. Results pointed out new insights to HPWSperformance literature from employees perspectives.
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AMO, HPWS, Pakistan, Branch Performance, HRM Practices
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(1) Muhammad Siddique
Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Owais Mufti
Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
(3) Shah Wali Khan
Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.