The aim of the study was to examine the the association between print media agenda and policy agenda (State and NGOs) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan with USA from 2015 till 2017 on categorized issues. Data is collected from DAWN and The News International of Pakistan. Quantitative research method was adopted and content of newspapers and policy documents (State and NGOs) was analyzed to find out the coverage, rank order, frame, slant and association between print media agenda and policy agenda (State and NGOs) regarding Pak-US relations issues. Findings revealed that print media agenda and state policy agenda are associated (rs =+.362) having moderate positive association and print media agenda and non-government policy agenda are associated (rs=+.490) having moderate positive association. Hence, hypotheses are supported.

Civil-military relations in Pakistan are always in search of common ground. Historically, military forces and civilian leadership in Pakistan struggle to find the right balance and the civilian leadership has hardly commanded the gun. This study is intended to analyze that how the two selected daily English newspapers of Pakistan, i.e. Dawn and The News covered the major developments in civil-military relations, particularly during the regime of Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Raheel Sharif, followed by the most sensitive event i.e., Zarb-e-Azb. The study employed the method of discourse analysis and has used the theoretical notion of agenda-setting and framing. The results of the study revealed that the slant, style, themes, and discourses used in the news stories of both the newspapers almost remained the same, appreciating the military institutions positively. Whereas condemning the civilian leadership for their lack of concern towards implementing the already approved Nation Action Plan.

The study aimed at exploring the relationship between efficiency and profitability of private commercial banks operating in Pakistan. The efficiency represented by technical efficiency has been assessed by non-parametric data envelopment analysis approach while profitability indicated by return on assets has been computed through conventional ratio analysis for period 2009 to 2013. The analysis revealed that technical efficiency declined during the study period and remained at 89%. HMB was identified as the top-performing bank in technical efficiency while MCB remained highly profitable. Banks were then grouped based on TE and ROA. MBL, UBL, DIB, SCB, BAH, HBL and HMB observed as top-performing banks based on TE and ROA. These banks are considered a role model for other inefficient and less profitable banks. Whereas, other banks were grouped as weak, based on below-average ROA and TE scores. These banks can adopt distinct product mix or business strategies to become profitable in future.

Deliberate Self Harm (DSH) is a pervasive issue in Pakistan. The limited research on this phenomenon conducted in Pakistan is restricted by the non-availability of an empirical assessment measure of self-harm in the Urdu language, hence relies mostly on the interviews of cases reported to the emergency departments and those translated does not necessarily carry the same connotation. An indigenous deliberate self-harm scale was developed to cater to this issue. Factors of DSH were identified using Nock’s integrated theoretical model and literature review. Sixty-five items were generated. Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated. The scale was administered on a sample of 200 self-harm cases.EFA revealed a three-factor structure (i.e intrapersonal, interpersonal and situational) supported by Parallel Analysis. RASCH analysis supported the item fit. This scale can be a helpful tool for the researchers and clinicians to explore DSH in the native population.

It is very essential to provide quality and effective feedback to the prospective teachers during practicum to provide information about their teaching strengths and weaknesses. Provision of feedback helps them to remove their mistakes and improve their teaching practice. The aim of this study was to examine the role of peer’s and mentor’s feedback on the performance of prospective teachers during practicum. 6 prospective teachers and 3 mentors were interviewed by the researcher. The whole data was collected from 3 public universities of Lahore city. Findings of this study revealed that peer’s and mentor’s feedback plays an important role in their learning and professional development during practicum. This study suggests that universities should conduct some training programs, seminar and workshops for prospective teachers and their mentors to provide awareness about the role of peer’s and mentor’s.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficiency of domestic and foreign commercial banks of Pakistan over the period from the year 2009 to 2013 through the DEA technique (Data envelopment analysis). DEA estimates efficiency by the ratio of inputs (multiple) to outputs (multiple). For this purpose, the number of employees, deposits and fixed assets were used as inputs while Advances and Investments were taken as the outputs based on the intermediation approach. Two generic forms of DEA explicitly CCR and BCC were applied to work out technical and pure-technical efficiencies, respectively. Results offered significant information to make the decision about the efficiency of commercial banks. The study outcomes showed that foreign owned banks performed better against public and private owned banks in respect of all the efficiency measures throughout the period of study.

This study was undertaken for costing out education needs for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa based on location, gender, district and grade. The sample consisted of 778 schools, including 364 females and 414 males. The study used descriptive statistics for analysis. It was found that rural students get slightly less pocket money than urban students. The cost of average monthly stationery, uniform cost, teacher cost and total cost for urban student was higher than for rural students. District Haripur was found to be the most successful school district. It was further found that better results need good financing. The study also confirmed that the girl student cost is less than a boy student. It was also concluded that the pocket money on average increases with grade. There was no significant difference of stationery cost across grades while grade one and grade four students’ cost on uniform was slightly higher than other grades.

This study overviews development and validity of a pool of multiple choice test items of geometry part of Mathematics for secondary level. A table of specifications was prepared and a pool of 48 multiple-choice type test items was developed from the test universe. The content validity and face validity of test items was determined with the help of a team of experts. Sample of the study was 488 students of class 10. After determining the validity and reliability through item analysis and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the test, it was concluded that 30 out of 48 items in the test were valid, reliable and suitable for measurement of the learning achievements in the course. Therefore, these items are useful in the boards of examinations for 9th class in Punjab (Pakistan).

Start-up behaviour is a key resource for entrepreneurial investment decisions. Economic Corridors are a new form of regional and beyond regional entrepreneurial collaborations. The present research aimed at operationalising the measurement scale for industrial entrepreneurs' start-up behaviour in the context of entrepreneurship under economic corridors. Particularly, the present study is committed to developing, contextualising, and statistically pilot testing the measurement scale of start-up behaviour of industrial entrepreneurs. This study applied EFA, validity, and reliability tests on the 6-items constructed for Start-up Behavior.Data was collected from the owners, shareholders, members of the board of directors and Chief level executives of 425 manufacturing organisations (e.g., also known as industrial entrepreneurs) in Pakistan. Results of this scale contextualisation process confirmed that initial developed 7 items were reduced to 6-items, and 1-item was deleted at the stage of face & content validity. The final form of measurement scale for Start-up Behavior consisted of 6- items under 1-factor. Moreover, this study described and presented a systematic process for scale development, scale contextualisation, and statistical pilot testing to ensure the factorisation/extraction of factors, reliability and validity for the
newly operationalised scales for start-up behaviour. This study contributed to the body of knowledge for behavioural sciences, entrepreneurship, and economic corridors by providing a 6-item measuring scale of industrial entrepreneurs' start-up behaviour. This study is also an added advantage for the owners of the manufacturing firms and policymakers up to the extent that they were able to analyse the six behavioural factors for investment in the new start-ups.

This study inquires into the intricacies of the human mind, as portrayed through the character of Piggy in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. For an in depth analysis, the theoretical framework of Ghazali (1058-1111) and Freud (1856-1939) is used. The study has adapted Attride Sterling’s (2001) model of textual data analysis. This analysis, inside the parameters of the selected theories, provides an insight into the relevance of the psychological issues in modern world, thus strengthening our belief in the similar workings of the human mind, regardless of the variances in time and space. Moreover, it has also revealed that the incorporation of Eastern and Western insights for studying the human mind has the potential of becoming an effective critical approach for psychological analysis in the realm of English literature.