Despite the ubiquitous use of digital games, there is lack of scholarship on the use of framing in the narrative of digital games. Like other media, the games inevitably frame the issues in their narrative. Digital games are multifaceted where gameplay dynamics and narrative elements coalesce and create an immersive experience for the player. Owing to this interactive nature, a holistic operational analytical model, combining Nygren et al. (2022) and Entman (2018) approach for frame analysis has been adapted. The study investigated the functions of framing at the level of words, phrases and sentences as well as analysed game mechanics, rules, aesthetics, story, and characterization for framing. The results revealed that through framing the narrative of the games gained a distinct perspective and exhibited explicit ideological standings. This paper highlights that digital games are a rich site of inquiry for rhetorical methods and communication processes inherent to this digital artifact.

This study examines the persuasive and appealing multi-modes created in advertisements by advertisers, as well as how they convince and affect viewers and buyers. This research focuses on the signs, symbols, and multimodality. For this purpose, Multi-modal Discourse Analysis (MDA) of Kress & Leeuwen, (1996) is employed as a framework in order to analyze the advertisements. There are three basic functions namely compositional, interactional, and representational that affect the other components in the photos in a certain way. Moreover, Random sampling technique is used to collect the data for this study. The collected data is analyzed in terms of semiotics and multimodality and it has focused on the font size, boldness, and capitalization that is used in the selected advertisements. The findings give customers an insight into the advertising strategies used by the advertising agencies.

The research paper focuses on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of the song "Baraye" written and sung by Shervin Hajipour. The research explores how social and political ideologies are reflected in the language of song and how the language (lyrics) of song challenges the dominant discourse. This study uses qualitative research design and also encompasses content analysis to analyze the lyrics. The research paper focuses on the translation of transcribed lyrics of “Baraye” taken from Lyrics.com, as data for this study. The study uses Norman Faircolugh’s Three-dimensional model, developed in 1989 and published in 1995 as a framework. The analysis of the lyrics of “Baraye” is a testament to social and political ideologies that are reflected in them and ascertains their position as a counter-discourse that serves as a means to spread awareness about the conflicts, struggles of people and political stature of Iran, and challenges the dominant discourse.

To begin with, I examine media portrayal of climate change across the Global South, and in particular three countries; Pakistan, Nigeria and Brazil. It probes the description and rousing of climate change in news media, and the information of how environment-related news is filtered by the national and regional context. In this study, the patterns of narratives of climate change, role of the segments of the government and international actors, and the control of global media, are considered using a content analysis approach to news coverage of these countries. Further to that, the study also looks deeply into the perception of people regarding the credibility of climate change news and the impacts of fake news on making public opinion on the same. The findings also provide clues into how countries which are typically disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change portray such impacts.

Media has become an inevitable source of information in this era of consumerism where the commodity sells as well as is sold through the discursive devices-both verbal as well as visual. This study explores how perception of socio-political reality is (re/de)constructed through media discourses with ideological underpinning-potent of both face saving and face exploitation. To cope with the research objective, a represented sample comprising political cartoons has been selected from two Pakistani newspapers-Dawn and The Nation, and mixed method is employed to analyse the sample semiotically as well as critically.  For this purpose, Kress and Leeuwen's Model (2006), Fairclough’s Tridimensional Model (1995) and Van Dijk’s model (1995, 2006) have been employed to prove media discourse-a discursive and an ideological construct. The interpretation and integration of findings confirm that the discourses reveal representations of representation instead of reality and which (re/de) construct the perception of indigenous socio-political events.

Education about climate change serves as a fundamental requirement for establishing environmental stewardship among primary school students. The investigation compares climate change knowledge between Pakistani public and private primary schools by utilizing UNESCO's climate education framework together with Shulman's Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). The research methodology combined quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze textbooks from the Punjab Textbook Board and Oxford University Press, gather survey data from teachers, and conduct structured interviews followed by statistical assessment. The research shows modest direct climate-related learning appears in both public and private school curricula with private schools achieving better results in teaching methods. The participating sectors demonstrate teaching difficulties because of insufficient training and complex material which strengthens the argument for educational development based on UNESCO principles as well as PCK best practices.

The current research analyzes how global media frames Hindutva ideology, the political tactics of the BJP, and their influence on Indian Muslims. Employing a Critical Constructivist framework that combines Fairclough's (1992) Three-Dimensional Model of Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA) with Wendt's(1992) Constructivist theory of International Relations, the study analyzes video coverage by BBC, Al Jazeera, and ABC News, 2024. Through text, discursive, and social-practice analysis, the research uncovers how global narratives produce Modi as both a democratic reformer and authoritarian nationalist, commonly equating Hindu cultural identity with state power. The analysis illustrates that international media are not mere observers but active agents in shaping India's global identity and perceptions of its democratic integrity. The critical analysis of language, representation, and ideology highlights how media discourse legitimizes or resists political majoritarianism. The implications focus on the global media's framing of domestic ideologies and call for more critical literacy to decode international news narratives.