This research investigated the impact of four features of teachers behavior viz. teachers support, facilities provision, security in classroom, and motivation of teachers on five aspects namely agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness personality traits of the students. The technique of Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of 1438 students from a population of 10 graders of the Hazara Division. The questionnaires, for teachers behavior and for exploring the Big Five personality of the students, were used for gathering data from the students. For analysis, Mean (M), standard deviation (S. D), and multiple regression analysis were used. Results showed that Teachers support negatively predicts the agreeableness trait of personality, Provision of facilities positively predicts extraversion factor of personality. Classroom security positively predicts the extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness factors of personality. Teachers motivation positively predicts extraversion, and conscientiousness factor of personality and negatively predicts neuroticism factor of personality.

This article discusses Russia's annexation of Crimea and its security implications for the Baltic States. The study exclusively examines two considerable impacts of the Russian annexation of Crimea, in term of its Compatriots and Hybrid warfare strategies on the security of the three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) through qualitative and descriptive analysis. It discusses Russia's Compatriot policy which was behind this annexation, and how this policy is an essential tool of the Kremlin against the Baltic States using their large portion of the population comprised of ethnic Russians. The paper finds that Russia annexed Crimea due to its geostrategic importance. Each of the three Baltic States also has strategic significance for the Russian Federation. In this sense, Russia's aggressive policies are becoming a great challenge for the security of the three States. This instant study highlights the security implications of the Russian annexation of Crimea for the Baltic States in a descriptive-analytical way.

The sectarian violence got the moment during Zia's reign when the Deobandi sect created violent militant groups as Sipah-e- Sahaba and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi. In contrast, the Shia sect created Sipah-i-Mohammad Pakistan under the banner of the Afghan Jihad. Both Deobandi and Shia sects had ignited the violent clashes, which led to many innocent people's massacre. This moment of violent clashes was continued during the reigns of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, wherein the governments had ignored the violent activities of both religious factions. However, the incident of 9/11 had changed the dynamics of this violent conflict when the Musharraf government banned all militant groups for overcoming the extremism. This paper explores the polarization among the Deobandi and the Shias and their influence on Pakistan's national security. This paper suggests that the government should scrutinize all madrassas' curricula by removing hatred materials from the scheme of madrassas' study.

China is emerging as an economic power of the world and correspondingly it has unleashed a strategy of its sustained economic growth alongside socioeconomic development of the region and beyond, through implementation of its envisaged grand Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In this regard, Pakistanis accommodating China’s flagship project, China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The success of CPEC hinges on the unhindered development and sustenance of Gwadar Port for assured uninterrupted sea - land linkage of CPEC. Besides supporting CPEC, Gwadar Port has gigantic potential to contribute towards Pakistan’s socioeconomic development and improving socioeconomic stature of landlocked Central Asian States. Geopolitics always play its role in all regional and international developments which embody clash of interest among stakeholder states and development of Gwadar Port is no exception. Alongside enormous prospects of payoffs, Gwadar Port encounters serious challenges to its development and sustenance, which have not been much deliberated in academic discourses. This paper, besides ascertaining the socioeconomic impacts of Gwadar Port on Pakistan, China, regional states and CPEC, identifies international repercussions and domestic challenges to Gwadar Port’s success; thus help the policy makers to draw pertinent conclusions.

This paper explores leadership technology competence of college principals in six domains, (1) vision and leadership, (2) teaching learning, (3) professional practice and productivity, (4) operations and support management, (5) evaluation and assessment, and (6) legal, ethical and social issues. Competence of the principals for using technology gadgets in the domains of teaching -learning was found high whereas his/her social, legal and ethical considerations for technology use were found to be low. Most respondents valued technology competence but focused incorporating its administrative use. Furthermore, leadership training programmes may contain modules related to professional use of databases, content and data management systems in order to enhance principals use of these for day-to-day administrative purposes.

Regional politics, safety dynamics, and national protection of South Asia are intensely interlinked with the traditional and non-traditional issues prevailing. A substantial effort and energy are converted into procuring the weapons instead of working towards economic growth. All these crises will have a profound consequence on regional security, ultimately affecting the peace of the rest of the International Community. Superpowers fulfilling their malign agendas through smaller States against Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India in the South Asian region with the promise of aid. The functional regional security architecture is critical to secure South Asia’s development and security. The tower should be capable of vending with traditional and non-traditional security dilemmas.

National security now-a-days is a much broader and comprehensive concept which apart from military security takes into account all dimensions affecting human security with inclusive consideration to all Elements of National Power of a Nation State. Similarly, globalization means interdependence, advancing integration, and homogenization of the world. Globalization has assumed profound power this century, which captures the opinion that happenings in one part of the globe will have significant influence on the regions and the world at large. This research article will explore several dimensions of notion of globalization, its linkages and effects on national security.

Recent history of international relations suggests that economic interdependence largely contributes to the mitigation of the major political conflicts in the world. CPEC, a flagship mega development project of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has not only initiated massive development projects in Pakistan, which will eventually help in socio-economic development of Pakistan but it will also ensure regional integration. Development of Pakistan through CPEC is desirably focused on a people centric growth model that primarily seeks to resolve the issues of human security. This paper seeks to establish the relationship between economic interdependence and regional integration with human security. Furthermore, this study looks into the role of Gilgit-Baltistan, a geographical lynchpin region, in making CPEC a successful developmental project. Findings of the study suggest that the viability and success of this mega project is highly dependent on the inclusiveness of projects in terms of engaging all stakeholders. The fruits of this mega project are expected to be positive. This is only possible if all the different dimensions of national security, i.e. social cohesion, economic development, and political stability are ensured by the state.

A study of the 70 years of strategic relations between the US and Pakistan reveals that the main consideration in the partnership has always been security. Considering the changes in international politics that have a particular impact in the region-like China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the growing support for multilateralism-it is high time the two review this relationship and look beyond the security lens. Pakistan, population wise the sixth largest country, sits at the crossroads of major powers' interest due to its pivotal geographic location and natural resources. This study analyses various phases of the US-Pakistan relations in the region. The discussion finds Pakistan is a lynchpin for Central, South and West Asia connecting the East and West. Avoiding Pakistan shall be a gross diplomatic mistake by the US, rather a renewed partnership that thinks beyond the security of this region is required. The focus should on development, social, economic, and environmental challenges to explore opportunities for partnership between the US and Pakistan.

Pashtun tribal system is a very unique phenomenon of the entire Pashtuns. Being a complete code of life for most of them. This code guides them in all walks of life. In terms of its genealogy, it is very close to Islam and is considered as code of life for them. The tribal structure of Pashtuns has changed a lot during the last 36 years in which the dominating role of Maliks and tribal elders have been excessively reduced giving place to that of mullah. Soviet intervention in Afghanistan followed by the U.S. intervention was a turning point in changing the entire tribal structure of Pashtuns. The tribal Areas were converted into areas meant for the acts of barbarism, terrorism and extremism and provided sanctuaries to the insurgents.