IMPACT OF SECTARIAN VIOLENCE ON PAKISTANS SECURITY AND POLITICS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).54      10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).54      Published : Sep 3
Authored by : Shafiq Qurban , Rubina Ali

54 Pages : 433-440

References

  • Abbas, H. (2010). Shiism and sectarian conflict in Pakistan: identity politics, Iranian influence, and tit-for-tat violence. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point.
  • Ahmed, K. (2011). Sectarian war: Pakistan's Sunni-Shia Violence and its links to the Middle East. Oxford University Press.
  • Ahmed, K. (2014, March 7). Hunting the Hazara. Newsweek Pakistan - Sensible, Reliable, Authoritative. https://www.newsweekpakistan.com/hunting-the-hazara/.
  • Alvi, H. (2014). The diffusion of intra-Islamic violence and terrorism: The impact of the proliferation of Salafi/Wahhabi ideologies. Middle East Review of International Affairs (Online), 18(2), 38-50.
  • Andrabi, T., Das, J., Khwaja, A. I., & Zajonc, T. (2010). Madrassa metrics: The statistics and rhetoric of religious enrollment in Pakistan. Beyond Crisis: Re-evaluating Pakistan.
  • Behuria, A. K. (2008). Sects within sect: the case of Deobandi-Barelvi encounter in Pakistan. Strategic Analysis, 32(1), 57-80.
  • Choksy, C. E. B., & Choksy, J. K. (2015). THE SAUDI CONNECTION: Wahhabism and Global Jihad. World Affairs, 178(1), 23-34. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43555279.
  • Hakimi, M. (2018, April 27). Applying Soft Power in the Afghan War. Pacific Council on International Policy. https://www.pacificcouncil.org/newsroom/applying-soft-power-afghan-war.
  • Haleem, I. (2003). Ethnic and sectarian violence and the propensity towards praetorianism in Pakistan. Third World Quarterly, 24(3), 463-477.
  • nternational Crisis Group. (2002). Pakistan, madrasas, extremism, and the military. Asia Report. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/pakistan/pakistan-madrasas-extremism-and-military
  • Irfani, S. (2004). Pakistan's Sectarian Violence: Between the 'Arabist Shift'and Indo-Persian Culture. Religious Radicalism and Security in South Asia, 147-170.
  • Ispahani, F. (2017). Purifying the land of the pure: a history of Pakistan's religious minorities. Oxford University Press. p. 103.
  • Jones, C., & Wale, T. (2007). The Eye of the Storm. Soundings.
  • Jones, J. (2011). Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, community, and sectarianism (Vol. 18). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kamran, T. (2009). Contextualizing sectarian militancy in Pakistan: A case study of Jhang. Journal of Islamic Studies, 20(1), 55-85.
  • Kamran, T. (2016). Genealogical Sociology of Sectarianism: A Case Study of Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan. In Faith- Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan (pp. 345-367). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Kazi, A. M. (2013). Pakistan: implication of sectarian violence. South Asian analysis group.
  • Lakhani, A. M. (2004, August 19). Why sectarian violence must end. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1066347
  • Majeed, G., & Hashmi, R. S. (2014). Sectarian Conflicts: A dominant threat to Pakistan's Internal Security. Journal of Political Studies, 21(1), 103-118.
  • Montero, D. (2007, February 2). Shiite-Sunni conflict rises in Pakistan. The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0202/p01s02-wosc.html.
  • Olszewska, Z. (2013). Quetta's sectarian violence and the global Hazara awakening'. Middle East Research and Information Project.
  • Pirzada, S. (2000). The Politics of the Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Pakistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Rafiq, A. (2014). Sunni Deobandi-Shia Sectarian Violence in Pakistan. Middle East Institute
  • Rahman, B. (2002). Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, bin Laden, and Ramzi Yousef. South Asia Analysis Group, Retrieved July, 1.
  • Rieck, A. (2015). The Shias of Pakistan: An assertive and beleaguered minority. Oxford University P
  • Rizwan, M., Ahmed, M., & Gul, S. (2018). Ideology and politics of Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (1947-1973). Global Social Sciences Review, 3(1), 44-55.
  • Shah, M. N. (2014). Evolution of sectarianism in Pakistan: A threat to the state and society. South Asian Studies, 29(2), 441-459.
  • Shahid, R., Afzal, S., & Yaqub, Z. (2020). Challenges of Militancy and Religious Extremism to National Security of Pakistan: An Analysis. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 4(III), 403-420. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2020(4-iii)30
  • Shaikh, R. A. (2011). Afghan War-Global Jihad and Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan-Internal and External Links. Governance, Development, and Conflict. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Stern, J. (2000). Pakistan's Jihad Culture. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2000-11- 01/pakistans-jihad-culture
  • Thomas, R. G. C. (1993). South Asian security in the 1990s: the prospects of war and peace in South Asia amidst changes in the global and regional strategic environments. London: Brassey's for The International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  • Waseem, M. (2000). Sectarian conflict in Pakistan. Conflict and violence in South Asia, 71-74.
  • Yusuf, H. (2012). Sectarian violence: Pakistan's greatest security threat? NOREF Report.
  • Zaman, M. Q. (1998). Sectarianism in Pakistan: The radicalization of Shi'i and Sunni identities. Modern Asian Studies, 32(3), 689-716.
  • Zaman, M. Q. (2018). Islam in Pakistan: A history. Princeton University Press.

References

  • Abbas, H. (2010). Shiism and sectarian conflict in Pakistan: identity politics, Iranian influence, and tit-for-tat violence. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point.
  • Ahmed, K. (2011). Sectarian war: Pakistan's Sunni-Shia Violence and its links to the Middle East. Oxford University Press.
  • Ahmed, K. (2014, March 7). Hunting the Hazara. Newsweek Pakistan - Sensible, Reliable, Authoritative. https://www.newsweekpakistan.com/hunting-the-hazara/.
  • Alvi, H. (2014). The diffusion of intra-Islamic violence and terrorism: The impact of the proliferation of Salafi/Wahhabi ideologies. Middle East Review of International Affairs (Online), 18(2), 38-50.
  • Andrabi, T., Das, J., Khwaja, A. I., & Zajonc, T. (2010). Madrassa metrics: The statistics and rhetoric of religious enrollment in Pakistan. Beyond Crisis: Re-evaluating Pakistan.
  • Behuria, A. K. (2008). Sects within sect: the case of Deobandi-Barelvi encounter in Pakistan. Strategic Analysis, 32(1), 57-80.
  • Choksy, C. E. B., & Choksy, J. K. (2015). THE SAUDI CONNECTION: Wahhabism and Global Jihad. World Affairs, 178(1), 23-34. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43555279.
  • Hakimi, M. (2018, April 27). Applying Soft Power in the Afghan War. Pacific Council on International Policy. https://www.pacificcouncil.org/newsroom/applying-soft-power-afghan-war.
  • Haleem, I. (2003). Ethnic and sectarian violence and the propensity towards praetorianism in Pakistan. Third World Quarterly, 24(3), 463-477.
  • nternational Crisis Group. (2002). Pakistan, madrasas, extremism, and the military. Asia Report. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/pakistan/pakistan-madrasas-extremism-and-military
  • Irfani, S. (2004). Pakistan's Sectarian Violence: Between the 'Arabist Shift'and Indo-Persian Culture. Religious Radicalism and Security in South Asia, 147-170.
  • Ispahani, F. (2017). Purifying the land of the pure: a history of Pakistan's religious minorities. Oxford University Press. p. 103.
  • Jones, C., & Wale, T. (2007). The Eye of the Storm. Soundings.
  • Jones, J. (2011). Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, community, and sectarianism (Vol. 18). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kamran, T. (2009). Contextualizing sectarian militancy in Pakistan: A case study of Jhang. Journal of Islamic Studies, 20(1), 55-85.
  • Kamran, T. (2016). Genealogical Sociology of Sectarianism: A Case Study of Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan. In Faith- Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan (pp. 345-367). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Kazi, A. M. (2013). Pakistan: implication of sectarian violence. South Asian analysis group.
  • Lakhani, A. M. (2004, August 19). Why sectarian violence must end. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1066347
  • Majeed, G., & Hashmi, R. S. (2014). Sectarian Conflicts: A dominant threat to Pakistan's Internal Security. Journal of Political Studies, 21(1), 103-118.
  • Montero, D. (2007, February 2). Shiite-Sunni conflict rises in Pakistan. The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0202/p01s02-wosc.html.
  • Olszewska, Z. (2013). Quetta's sectarian violence and the global Hazara awakening'. Middle East Research and Information Project.
  • Pirzada, S. (2000). The Politics of the Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Pakistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Rafiq, A. (2014). Sunni Deobandi-Shia Sectarian Violence in Pakistan. Middle East Institute
  • Rahman, B. (2002). Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, bin Laden, and Ramzi Yousef. South Asia Analysis Group, Retrieved July, 1.
  • Rieck, A. (2015). The Shias of Pakistan: An assertive and beleaguered minority. Oxford University P
  • Rizwan, M., Ahmed, M., & Gul, S. (2018). Ideology and politics of Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (1947-1973). Global Social Sciences Review, 3(1), 44-55.
  • Shah, M. N. (2014). Evolution of sectarianism in Pakistan: A threat to the state and society. South Asian Studies, 29(2), 441-459.
  • Shahid, R., Afzal, S., & Yaqub, Z. (2020). Challenges of Militancy and Religious Extremism to National Security of Pakistan: An Analysis. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 4(III), 403-420. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2020(4-iii)30
  • Shaikh, R. A. (2011). Afghan War-Global Jihad and Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan-Internal and External Links. Governance, Development, and Conflict. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Stern, J. (2000). Pakistan's Jihad Culture. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2000-11- 01/pakistans-jihad-culture
  • Thomas, R. G. C. (1993). South Asian security in the 1990s: the prospects of war and peace in South Asia amidst changes in the global and regional strategic environments. London: Brassey's for The International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  • Waseem, M. (2000). Sectarian conflict in Pakistan. Conflict and violence in South Asia, 71-74.
  • Yusuf, H. (2012). Sectarian violence: Pakistan's greatest security threat? NOREF Report.
  • Zaman, M. Q. (1998). Sectarianism in Pakistan: The radicalization of Shi'i and Sunni identities. Modern Asian Studies, 32(3), 689-716.
  • Zaman, M. Q. (2018). Islam in Pakistan: A history. Princeton University Press.

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APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Qurban, Shafiq, and Rubina Ali. 2019. "Impact of Sectarian Violence on Pakistan's Security and Politics." Global Social Sciences Review, IV (III): 433-440 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).54

HARVARD

    HARVARD : QURBAN, S. & ALI, R. 2019. Impact of Sectarian Violence on Pakistan's Security and Politics. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 433-440.

MHRA

    MHRA : Qurban, Shafiq, and Rubina Ali. 2019. "Impact of Sectarian Violence on Pakistan's Security and Politics." Global Social Sciences Review, IV: 433-440

MLA

    MLA : Qurban, Shafiq, and Rubina Ali. "Impact of Sectarian Violence on Pakistan's Security and Politics." Global Social Sciences Review, IV.III (2019): 433-440 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Qurban, Shafiq and Ali, Rubina (2019), "Impact of Sectarian Violence on Pakistan's Security and Politics", Global Social Sciences Review, IV (III), 433-440

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