Political participation and unity of nation on political affairs in the country to increase the participation of youth in political affairs their political development is a basic requirement. Pakistan studies support creating political awareness among the youth of the nation. This research study investigated that how the 10th grade 'Pakistan to study textbook' creates a political sense among the youths. This study was conducted through content analysis of 10th-grade textbooks, and the students' political development level was also measured through a survey questionnaire focused on the questions related to political development elements. The sample for content analysis was 10th grade Pakistan studies textbook, and for the survey was 120 students of 10th grades enrolled in secondary schools of Quetta city. Major findings high lights that political development was not supported by the Pakistan studies textbook.

The major aim of this study was to evaluate the enrollment trends in Technical subjects at secondary level. The study was descriptive in nature and quantitative approach was applied for conducting this study. All the teachers, students and parents of Gujranwala Division in Punjab were the population of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was applied for the selection of sample. Three questionnaires were used in this study for the collection of data. Data were collected through personal visits of sampled schools. Data were analyzed by using percentage, mean and independent sample t-test. It was found that majority of students were enrolled in session 2019-20. Furthermore, majority of the students were enrolled in technical subjects on the demand of their parents and technical subjects have fame among the students. It is recommended that the government may arrange some kind of public awareness seminars at local level.

Agricultural education is the main component to promote development and production of agriculture. In Pakistan, higher education institutes are offering agricultural education at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels. F.Sc. Pre-Agriculture program has also been started in selected universities of agriculture. At the same time, the subject of agriculture has been part of elementary schools for many years. But, the gap still exists for the provision of agricultural education at secondary level. So, the study aims to review the initiatives of agriculture education at secondary level in national educational policies and five-year plans and to explore the possibilities for the promotion of curriculum for agricultural education according to opinions from agricultural education experts. This offers a descriptive study. The study was conducted in two steps. Documentary analysis technique was firstly used. Further, the need of agricultural education curriculum for secondary level was assessed and possibilities of agriculture education were explored. Purposive sampling technique was used to select subject specialists. The data was analyzed with frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative data was analyzed by themes and analytical approach. This research suggests that agriculture education is highly desirable for introduction at secondary school.

The researcher aimed at investigating the effects of overcrowded classes on the teaching learning process at secondary level. By nature, this research study was descriptive so survey research design was employed and a closed ended questionnaire having twenty items related to the research problem were developed on five point Likert’s scale for the teachers (Senior Science Teachers) and the 10th grade students of government high schools from three tehsils of district Nankana Sahib. Pilot study was conducted to achieve the reasonable face and content validity and reliability, expert opinions and testretest techniques were used and 0.891 Pearson’s product moment was assured. One hundred (100) questionnaires for SSTs both males and female and 120 questionnaires for students both boys and girls were administered personally and with the help of some friends, six principals both of male and female were interviewed using structured interview schedule data collection technique and data was collected. On the basis of analysis and interpretation of data, indiscipline classes due to overcrowdings affect the teaching learning process badly; the performance of the students is not easily assessed in overcrowded classes and teachers are unable to interact with students easily in overcrowded classes were the conclusions of this research study. The researcher suggested that the government must make it possible to implement the law of recommended class size and reduce the problem by building more classrooms for the students at secondary level. Policy makers may formulate the policies for the effective assessment and evaluation process.

This research study analyzes innovative trends in the National Curriculum of Physics at the Secondary level and compares the same curriculum with the curricula of three academically advanced countries namely Turkey, Malaysia and UK. The study aims to examine the policy objectives of the National Curriculum in Physics at the Secondary level and explores its strengths and weaknesses, ending in recommendations for the removal of these weaknesses. The study practiced mixed-methods designed. The primary data were collected through interviews held with key informants and opinionnaires fielded to subject teachers. Review of literature and reliable documents along with the curricula of three developed countries furnished Secondary data for the study. Qualitative and quantitative treatments were given for analysis of the data. The outcomes of the research study highlight that objectives of curricula in Malaysia, Turkey and UK are more comprehensive than Pakistan. These curricula contain latest and novel concepts. The present curriculum likewise needs to instill the tendency for analytical and critical examination of facts at any circumstance in students. The existing examination system is, therefore, not appropriate as it measures only the lowest domain of learning i.e. rote learning. In order to discourage rote learning, textbooks of Physics at the Secondary level need revision to promote creativity.

The study aimed to analyze the current and expected level of the ethics and morality in high school education. A Quantitative Survey Research Design was applied by the study. The required data needed to be specific and relevant, therefore, the stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data from a population of all stakeholders of education in the Punjab: teachers, parents, students, administrators, policy makers and curriculum developers. The data was collected from 500 participants who used Thurstone scale to show their priorities by scaling the 77 items of the 7 questions regarding their importance and these collected priorities were further analyzed by using Borda Count Method “to explore the degree of intensity of the prioritized items”. According to the result of the study, the current status of the concepts of ethics and morality taught at the secondary level is not up to the required standards and lack planning. Therefore, to develop moral attitude, the religious and spiritual values need to be inculcated through moral stories and disciplinary rules using lecture, group discussion and story-telling methods to ensure overall personality development with social adjustability. It is recommended by the researchers to revise the existing curriculum to make it practical and operational for the optimum effectiveness.