Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU
The research aims to highlight and discuss the different modes of settlement of disputes in todayÂ’s populated and overcrowded societies. The research has shown that due to expensive, time consuming and rigid process of formal justice system (court litigation) USA, Australia, UK and even European Union countries have preferred informal justice system (Alternative Dispute Resolution) for disputants to opt for their solutions. The informal dispute resolution system (Alternative Dispute Resolution) prevailing in modern countries like USA, Australia and UK is full of benefits and most probably the main reason for their progress and development also, and the study has shown that the system is working successfully in these countries, therefore, it can be applied anywhere even in the developing countries as well because this system is more sustainable in any form than the formal justice system (court litigation).
-
ADR, Dispute Resolution, Formal, Informal, Settlement.
-
(1) Abida Hassan
Ph. D Scholar, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Dil Muhammad Malik
Dean, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
- ADR Principles and Practices, , 16-04-17 https://www.cedr.com/articles/?item=ADR-Principles-and-Practice
- Auerbach. J (1983). Justice without Law, Oxford University Press, 1st Edition, p. 16 California Courts, http://www.courts.ca.gov/
- Barret, J. T., & Barrett, J. P. (2009), A history of ADR: the story of political,
- Chan, Y.-C., Chun, R.P.K., Lam, G.L.T., and Lam, S.K.S (2007), ‘The development of family mediation services in Hong Kong: Review of an evaluation study,' Journal of Social Welfare & Family Law, Vol. 29, No. 1, Pp.3-16
- Civil Procedure Act 2005 (NSW) introduced by Schedule 6 of the Courts and Crimes Community Justice Centre Act 1983 (NSW), Northern Territory. website at http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/graphpages/cjc/index.shtml.
- Court house - Part II' Australian Dispute Resolution Journal, p. 144 & 149. Directive, 2009/ 22/EU En.wikipedia.org
- Farm Debt Mediation Act 1994 (NSW)
- Federal Court of Australia Act 1976, section. 53-A. However, referral to arbitration still requires the parties' consent.
- Federal Court report, 2004:23 Find Law, Federal VS. State Courts- Key Differences. http://litigation.findlaw.com/legal-system/federal-vs-state-courts-key-differences.html
- Final report, London, (2011). Ministry of Justice, Family justice review, p. 23
- French. B (2007),
- Gallanter, M. (1983) 'Reading the land-scape of disputes; what we know and what we don't know (and think we know) about our allegedly contentious and litigious society'. UCLA Law Review 31, p. 4
- Genn, H. (2010). 'Civil mediation: a measured approach?' Journal of Social Welfare & Family Law, vol. 32. No. 2, p. 197
- Gould, Nicholas (Fenwick Elliott LLP). (2012), Conflict avoidance and dispute resolution in construction, RICS guidance note, 1st edition, p. 7 http://www.dca.nic.in/cir/anr2gc1099.html
- In 2011, the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) proposed to introduce automatic referral to mediation in small claims cases worth less than £5,000 (Ministry of Justice, solving disputes in the country courts: creating a simpler, quicker and more proportionate system, A consultation on reforming civil justice in England and Wales: The Government response, London, Cm 8274, February, 2012).
- King M, Freiberg A, Batagol B and Hyams R (2009), Non-Adversarial Justice, Federation Press, p. 88
- Land and Environment Court Act, 1979 (NSW), sections, 34(3), 34(4) (a), 34(4) (b)
- Land and Environment Court Rules, 2007 (NSW). Rule 3.8 (1)
- LEADR's website: http://www.leadr.com.au/
- Legislation Further Amendment Act, 2010 (NSW).
- Mackie, K. Miles, D. & Marsh, W. (1995) Commercial Dispute Resolution, Butter worths, London, p. 50
- McManus, M., & Silverstein, B. (2011). A Brief History of Alternative Dispute Resolution in the United States, Cadmus. www.cadmusgroup.com
- National Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Council (NADRAC), (2003). Dispute Resolution Terms, p. 5
- Newman, P. (1999). ADR in the construction industry
- Preston B. J, (2008), ‘The Land and Environment Court of New South Wales: Moving towards a multi-door Retail Leases Act 1994 (NSW), section. 68
- Rhoades, H. (2010), 'Mandatory mediation of family disputes: Reflections from Australia,' Journal of Social Welfare & Family Law, 32(2), 183.
- Sander F. E. A and Goldberg S.B (1994), 'Fitting the Forum to the Fuss: A User-Friendly Guide to Selecting an ADR Procedure' 10 Negotiation Journal 49, p. 50
- Sarat, A. (1985). The Litigation Explosion, Access to Justice, and Court Reform; Examining the Critical Issues, 37 Refugees Law Review, Vol. 299, p.332
- Schapiro, M. (1981) Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis, Chicago and London. University of Chicago Press.
- Sikiotis. A. M (2001), Deputy Registrar, Case Conference in the Family Courts, Unpublished paper (Dandenong) https://epublications.bond.edu.au
- Social and Cultural Movement. Association for Conflict Resolution, 1st edition. http://www.adr.gov/events/2009/may7-2009-materials-history.pdf
- Sourdin. T (2009). Alternative Dispute Resolution, Thomson Reuters, p. 13. King, M. Freiberg, A., Batagol, B. and Hyams, R., Non-Adversarial Justice, The Federation Press, p. 88
- Strata Schemes Management Act, 1996 (NSW), section. 125
- The Administrative Dispute Resolution Act, 1996, sections. 2 & 3 Vertesy, Laszlo (2013), The Model State Administrative Procedure Act in the USA, p. 1 http://dieip.hu/wp-content/uploads/2013-3-10.pdf
- Wade, William & Forsyth, C. (2014), Principles of Administrative Law, 11th edition, Oxford University
- Wall. C (1992) 'The Dispute Resolution Adviser in the Construction Industry,' in Fenn, P and Gameson, R. (Eds.) Construction Conflict Management and Resolution, E & FN spons, London, p. 328
- Workplace Injury Management and Workers Compensation Act 1998 (NSW), section. 318-A.
Cite this article
-
APA : Hassan, A., & Malik, D. M. (2019). Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(I), 373-379. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).48
-
CHICAGO : Hassan, Abida, and Dil Muhammad Malik. 2019. "Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU." Global Social Sciences Review, IV (I): 373-379 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).48
-
HARVARD : HASSAN, A. & MALIK, D. M. 2019. Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 373-379.
-
MHRA : Hassan, Abida, and Dil Muhammad Malik. 2019. "Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU." Global Social Sciences Review, IV: 373-379
-
MLA : Hassan, Abida, and Dil Muhammad Malik. "Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU." Global Social Sciences Review, IV.I (2019): 373-379 Print.
-
OXFORD : Hassan, Abida and Malik, Dil Muhammad (2019), "Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU", Global Social Sciences Review, IV (I), 373-379
-
TURABIAN : Hassan, Abida, and Dil Muhammad Malik. "Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. I (2019): 373-379. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).48