Corporate climate disclosures have come to the fore of measuring environmental responsibility, but worries about greenwashing of exaggeration or parts of the environmental performance of exaggerating or overselling environmental performance remain. This paper fulfills this crucial gap in establishing the validity of such revelations by offering the machine learning method of identifying possible greenwashing. It is probable that the mixed-methods design has been used, where the textual analysis of the composed corporate sustainability reports and supervised learning algorithms trained on labeled examples of misleading statements are supplemented. Through the implementation of natural language processing and classification algorithms, the model will recognise patterns that are suggestive of a lack or even exaggeration of commitment with regard to climate pledges. The findings can be used to illustrate industry-related patterns and important language indications linked to greenwashing.

This study focuses on racial and gender discrimination in the contemporary African American world, analyzed through Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon (1977). A feminist theoretical framework has been applied to examine the selected text. The primary aim of this research is to explore the impact of black and white cultural dynamics on African American women in modern society. The study further investigates key issues such as physical violence, the challenges posed by a Eurocentric society, the racial and gender divide faced by black women, the struggle against black male hegemony, the emergence of black female desire, and generational conflicts. Through a thematic analysis, the research critically examines Morrison’s narrative for its realistic portrayal of the lived experiences of black women, shedding light on the complex interplay of race, gender, and power in African American communities.

Adrienne Rich's poem "Diving into the Wreck" displays a symbolic journey towards self-discovery, identity, and history. The poem is usually interpreted through the feminist or poststructuralist approaches, nevertheless, this study claims that the poem's existential aspects have not been taken into consideration. By the application of Sartrean concepts of freedom, alienation, and the search for meaning to the text, the critical gap will be filled by this research. A qualitative methodology based on the textual analysis of language, form, and imagery is used, and the analysis sees the dive as an intense journey of self-discovery. The narrator’s striving to investigate the wreck corresponds with Sartre’s dictum that “existence precedes essence” and manifests the need to create one's own meaning in a neutral universe. This research further supports the scholarly readings of Rich's works by bringing to the fore its existential aspect.

This research synthesizes available evidence between the years 2015 and 2025 on the effect of war-related stress on identity development in adolescents and young adults living in conflict-ridden areas and in refugee settings, including in the Middle East (Gaza, Syria) and Ukraine, as well as Israel and refugee camps worldwide. Using a secondary data analysis approach, thematic synthesis was performed across peer-reviewed studies, dissertations, and institutional reports focusing on young people aged 12-25, who were exposed to violence or forced migration. Findings show that chronic exposure to experiences of war leads to a significant increase in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation, which affects capacities that are essential for identity development. The study concludes on the proposition that identity development in youth affected by war, interacting with effects of trauma, sociocultural context, and resilience, is rather dynamic. Implications include providing culturally based, developmentally informed interventions.

This paper attempts to explain the differences between British Received Pronunciation (RP) and the Ghebi speakers while communicating in English by using contrastive anal- ysis from Robert Lado’s book Linguistics Across Cultures (1957). Robert Lado was bilingual and talked about the challenges that he encountered while learning a second language. The research gap is that it focuses on a new perspective of differences between the Ghebi speakers and native English speakers when communicating. Praat software is used for data analysis of the words uttered by Ghebi speakers and British Received Pronunciation (RP). The study’s comparative analysis provides in-depth details about the differences between British RP and Ghebi speakers. British speakers have a higher pitch and intensity than the Ghebi speakers, for instance, variations in stress patterns and the influence of L1 over L2. It shows apparent differences based on their pitch and intensity (Lado, 1957; Brown, 2007; Ellis, 2015).

The present study focused on analysing the STEAM curriculum. The current study based on following objectives. (i) To analyse the content of science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics STEAM curriculumm. (ii)To investigates the challenges faced regarding implementation of STEAM curriculum. (iii)To identify the strengths and areas of improvement of STEAM curriculum. Qualitative content analysis research design employed. Purposive sampling techniques were used. Sample of the study consisted of ten chapters from each STEAM curriculum textbook of grades one, two, and three. It was shown by the results of the study that the STEAM curriculum has potential to inculcate both soft and hard skills in students through transdisciplinary learning. However, gaps exist in contents integration, teacher’s training, resource availability. It was concluded that systemic changes in in-service and pre-service teacher trainings, instructional support, and policy direction needed for successful implementation of STEAM curriculum.

The current study investigates social representation of characters in Pakistani children literature that is utilized within schools and specifically with the Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) textbooks in Grade 5-8. Utilizing an SFL, Interpersonal Meta-function as developed by Halliday, the study explores the issue of relationships, power and ideology of education as represented in any of the texts by linguistics choice. By establishing the method as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and using pronouns, mood, and modality as analysis points, the study will seek to determine how language can construct or challenge dominant ideologies. Through qualitative analysis of selected texts, one examines character interactions to indicate patterns of who are included or marginalized representation, social groups, and power structures which were present. This study has its significance in various fields of education such as in the fields of curriculum engineering, linguistic analysis, and Discourse analysis.