Employee associations serve as resources of interested employees in helping the advisory committees and the staff task forces. Besides, they may also help in publicizing information of interest, procedures, and policy to employees and participate actively in the process of academic review. In universities, a significant role is played by employees unions. Unlike Employee unions, the existence of employee associations differs a lot. Many benefits can be gained from the relationship between the management of the University and employee association. It has been found that in the past, universities in Pakistan have failed to revive and engage with their employees, due to which effectiveness was lost majorly by the associations present in the universities. This research paper will critically reflect upon the relationship between the employee association and the overall management of the universities of Peshawar. Further, it will also identify the significant barriers and issues faced by the employees associations.

The glass ceiling has been termed the factor for underrepresentation of women in higher management positions. Pakistani society is believed to be dominated by men in all walks including positions in higher management. The purpose of this study is to explore whether it is the glass ceiling or the personal barriers that result in the underrepresentation phenomena of women in higher management. This exploratory study has surveyed, through a semi-structured interview, the middle and higher-level women manager from private organizations located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The findings suggest that it is not only glass ceiling barriers but also personal characteristics that hinder womens professional growth. The study also contributes to identifying personal and glass ceiling barriers and their relative importance.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the vocabulary barriers experienced by learners of public sector universities and colleges situated in South Punjab. SPSS version 23 was used to check the frequency and percentage of the responses of the respondents. The bulk of the learners indicated that they fail to achieve sufficient vocabulary to satisfy their educational and social needs due to certain factors such as the scope and magnitude of the assignments given to the students meaning the number of words that L2 learners need to learn is extraordinarily large. Similarly, the difference between spoken and written English becomes challenging on the way of learning L2 properly. To overcome all these barriers, the role of English language teachers is vulnerable as he is regarded as the custodian of L2 classroom, especially in EC and OC Circle countries and Pakistan is included in OC Circle countries.

The tourism industry in Pakistan has grown, leading to increased energy consumption and environmental degradation. To address this, green energy solutions are being explored. A study examined the potential, barriers, and benefits of such solutions in the local tourist sector. Survey results showed moderate concern for environmental impact, with some support for green energy. However, respondents were hesitant to pay extra for these services. Correlation analysis indicated relationships between variables, but causation requires further study. Thematic analysis revealed awareness and support for sustainable tourism, but more action is needed. The study recommends prioritizing green energy adoption by businesses and government institutions to mitigate environmental impact and maximize tourism's economic and social benefits.

The study primarily aims to identify and analyze socio-cultural obstacles that prevent women from pursuing higher education in rural Quetta. It focuses on examining how women perceive the effectiveness of these barriers. This study utilized a qualitative research methodology to investigate the experiences of ten young female participants encountering socio-cultural obstacles that hindered their pursuit of higher education. The researchers conducted in-person interviews with participants using a semi-structured questionnaire, allowing for a full analysis of their experiences. The socio-cultural impediments examined include patriarchal culture, early marriages, priority for sons' education, co-education and male teachers, and social bias towards females. The findings indicate that although these obstacles exist, many young females do not view them as effective in discouraging their pursuit of higher education. This study highlights women's unfavorable situation in rural areas of Quetta, highlighting the need for more effective strategies to encourage women to pursue higher education.