Jokes are specific discourses that contain cultural, historical and region-specific references. In order to understand the salience of these discourses, the common ground of interlocutors is significantly important. The current study explores how non-natives English speakers comprehend English jokes. In addition, it aims to know the difficulties and the lexical issues encountered by Pakhtoon and Sindhi participants in interpreting English jokes. The researchers used a mixed-method approach for this study. The population of this study includes Pakhtoon and Sindhi undergraduate students.A sample of 20 students was selected and two types of tools were used to check the English jokes comprehension skills of participants. The socio-cognitive approach is used as a theoretical framework and the results of quantitative data were presented with the help of pie charts. Results of this study show that ethnic, religious, racial, and jokes having historic references are difficult to understand. Individuals' social knowledge of English culture is important for comprehending English jokes. Knowledge of semantic expressions, ample knowledge and wisdom of culture-specific words and idioms are important for identifying the salience aspects of English jokes.

The Indian subcontinent had been ruled by the Mughal Empire for almost three hundred years. The regime was marked for its ethnic, cultural, and religious multiplicity. The Mughals utilized the narratives of belonging as a part of their state-building objectives for which diverse cultural, social, and to a great level, religious identities merged. This article concentrates on the significance of poetry in history as a social and political instrument via the selected poems of Bulleh Shah, a poet of the Punjabi language (1680-1757). It aims to exhibit the linkage between the religious, political, and cultural aspects of the Mughal Regime in the sub-continent to pinpoint a liaison between the political and social dynamics of power while establishing statehood. In this regard,the poetic heirloom of Bulleh Shah is persistent in understanding not only the cultural prominence of the Mughal Regime but also the cultural bridge between the religious and political hierarchy of the region.

This research paper investigates the universality andenduring relevance of Shakespeare'sworks across cultures and societies. Through an analysis of his masterful use of language and exploration of fundamental human experiences, such as love, loss, and power, this paper argues that Shakespeare's characters and stories continue to resonate with contemporary audiences. The paper highlights the broad range of themes tackled by Shakespeare, including politics, gender, and social norms, and their relevance to the human experience. Furthermore, the paper emphasizeshow Shakespeare's works provide valuable insight into the cultural and societal norms of his time, and how his exploration of complex ideas and themes through language demonstrates the power of literature.This paper highlights the importance of exploringthe timelessness and relevance of Shakespeare's works across cultures and societies to connect us to each other and the larger world. The paper concludes that the universality of Shakespeare's works reflects the capacity of art to transcend time and placeand the enduring power of the human imagination.

Throughout history, political instability has been a persistent issue for diasporic communities, exacerbating the challenges they already face. The present research endeavours to examine the impact of political turmoil on diasporic communities, with a particular focus on its role in shaping cultural identity, hybridity, and conflicting loyalties. The present research employs a qualitative analysis to amalgamate a substantial corpus of literature and deduces that diasporas are significantly impacted by political instability and violence, resulting in adverse outcomes such as relocation, trauma, and cultural identity loss. This study delves into the complexity of diasporic identity and the notion of hybridity, frequently linked to diaspora communities. Empirical evidence suggests that diasporic communities frequently experience a sense of estrangement and encounter competing allegiances due to their inability to fully assimilate their cultural heritage into their novel surroundings. Research has demonstrated the significance of comprehending diasporic identities and the obstacles that individuals encounter, particularly within the framework of contemporary political instability.The research findings highlight the need for policymakers and stakeholders to take into account the distinctive perspectives and experiences of diasporas, particularly in light of current political unrest. In order to comprehend and help diaspora groups, it also emphasizes the need for additional research on diaspora identity, cultural hybridity, and competing loyalties.

This paper will analyze how the cover images in the Pashto films represent and misrepresent the Pashtoon culture using the Triadic Model of Signs as given by Peirce. Based on six Pashto movie cover images published in 2024 and 2025, the research adopts the qualitative visual semiotic approach. The analysis focused on the relationship between the representamen (visual elements), the object (cultural concepts) and the interpretant (meanings created to viewers). The results show that the portrayal of the Pashtoon culture has the tendency to repeat, specifically the focus on hyper-masculinity, weapons and conflicts, rural themes, and traditional gender roles. Although some of the cover images depict cultural values while others tend to simplify or stereotype Pashtoon culture, thus partially misrepresenting it. The paper highlights the need for more subtle and well-balanced visual representations of the Pashtoon culture in Pashto cinema.