This paper discusses how restorative justice (RJ) can be used to reduce prison overcrowding in Pakistan, using the mediation process. Slow processing of crimes and high levels of undertrial detention are the reason of overcrowding. The research is a mixed-methods study, which incorporates legal, prison data, and interviews with the stakeholders to determine whether RJ can alleviate overcrowding through diversion of viable cases out of the prison system. The results indicate that mediation can be used to minimise the remand time and prison admissions, especially in minor interpersonal and property cases. Nevertheless, it has minimal effects on more severe crimes like drug crimes. The success of RJ relies on the protection of the safeguards, such as voluntariness, protection of the victims, and judicial supervision. This paper concludes that RJ mediation, when done appropriately, can assist in decreasing overcrowding and enhancing the efficiency of the criminal justice system.

This qualitative research work focuses on social, psychological and physical experiences of polygamous first wives in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. The semi-structured interviews, informed by Feminist Theory and Intersectionality, were carried out with 11 first wives and their interviews analyzed through the use of the thematic analysis. Eight themes were identified as being associated and connected: emotional neglect, social marginalization, psychological distress, physical health degradation, religious justification and gendered silence, economic dependency, coping mechanisms and identity reconstruction. The subjects indicated the loss of emotional support, social respect, anxiety, sleeping difficulties. The results indicate that polygamy is a socially constructed institution, which supports gendered inequalities in rural Pakistan. The increased enforcement of family laws, the increase of community-based counseling and mental-health services, the enhancement of gender- sensitive religious education, and women economic empowerment are necessary to increase well-being in polygamous families.

This study investigates the role of English as a gatekeeper language and the phenomenon of code switching in elite schools in District Karak Pakistan. Through the qualitative methods, such as classroom observation, semi-structured interview with teachers and students, as well as analysis of documents, the research examines the functional role of the English language as a tool of academic and social distinction. The study shows that English proficiency is directly connected to academic success and the ability to earn a living in the future with English being the gateway for opportunities for success. Code-switching, the behavior of mixing different languages (Russian and English or Urdu language or regional languages). The results highlight the cross-cutting of language, socio-economic status and educational inequality and hint at the necessity of zeroing in inclusive language policies in elite schools so as to guarantee equitable access to academic success.

This paper will analyze the progress and the failure of Pakistan to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) within the period of 2015 to 2024. In 2011, Pakistan ratified the CRPD and did some federal and provincial changes in laws to foster inclusion and rights of persons with disabilities. Despite these formal promises, difficulties still lie ahead in the interpretation of laws and policies into effective educational, employment access and social engagement outcomes. The study uses a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach and relies on secondary data, such as, official reports, laws, and scholarly materials. Based on Capability Approach and State Capacity Theory, used to connect institutional capacity with the actual inclusion outcomes. The study will also help in giving a comprehensive review of the legal reform, policy measures, and institutional initiatives, during 2015-2024 in Pakistan in order to adhere to the international disability rights provisions.

Good governance has become a focal point of good administration of the populace, and sustainable development, especially in developing nations, where institutional weaknesses tend to discredit the state's capacity. This paper analyses the concept and reality of good governance in the Pakistani public service with special reference to transparency, accountability, and bureaucratic corruption. Regardless of the numerous governance reforms and introduction of accountability mechanisms, Pakistan has been grappling with poor service delivery, poor institutional control, and deteriorating trust in the institutions of the state. Qualitative research design was used in the collection of data, which was conducted based on semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and secondary governance indicators. The results indicate that policy systems that promote good governance are formally present, but there is inconsistency in their execution because of political interventions, poor accountability systems, and the presence of bureaucratic cultures.

Menstruation which is most important matter but still is an unattended issue for most of the developed and under developed countries. There is no legislation In Pakistan, there is no provision on this is serious concern for taking step forward to enact any law at federal or even provincial level to recognize this basic and fundamental right of working women. This entitlement of women may be recognized as a ground for leave or accommodation. It is the need of the time that Pakistan should take steps for legislation to acknowledge this fundamental right of working women in Pakistan on International pattern. This research also highlight that such measurement of Government will be encouraged at international level and is practically achievable. 

Education of women has come under focus as a means to transform gender and contribute to sustainable rural development in Pakistan. The aim of this ethnographic research is to explore the role of education in changing gender roles of Basti Rasoolpur, a rural community in south of Punjab. Research is conducted using qualitative approaches such as in-depth interview, participant observation, focus group discussion and informal interaction, examining women's involvement in household decision making, mobility, community involvement and economic life. Results show that education increases women's confidence, autonomy and ability to make a difference in their family's wellbeing, health, money matters and child education. The study reveals evolving attitudes, including greater acceptance of women's mobility and public participation, while maintaining social legitimacy and respectability. The findings show that women’s education strengthens social inclusion, economic resilience, and community development. These outcomes support sustainable rural development and future prosperity. 

Nurses play a key role in health emergency preparedness; however, there is insufficient literature related to nurse disaster readiness in resource-limited and high-risk environments. In GB, which is considered one of the most disaster-prone locations in South Asia, there is no empirically validated scale measuring DNCC. In this paper, a cross-case analysis has been conducted to determine if combinations of Education (EDU), Training (TRN), Organizational Support (ORG) and Structural Barriers (BAR) are necessary and sufficient to generate high or low levels of DNCC in nurses working at public hospitals. Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was used for data analysis using direct calibration based on percentile. It has been observed that none of the above-mentioned factors alone are sufficient to generate high DNCC. However, combination of different enabling factors can be responsible for high DNCC, while no organizational support has consistently shown up in configurations leading to low DNCC.

In a 21st-century scenario, the Pakistan-Iran equation is becoming more and more influenced by the regional and global dynamics, and India is an important strategic partner. The study discusses the evolving Indian relations with Iran with a particular emphasis on geopolitical competition, energy security, economic cooperation, and regional integration. The Indian involvement in the Chabahar Port project and its broader geopolitical drive in Afghanistan and Central Asia is covered in detail. It examines Pakistan's perception of India's rising influence in Iran and its impact on the bilateral relations and regional security between Iran and Pakistan. It also underscores Iran's policy of balancing the defence of national interests with maintaining good relations with two South Asian competitors.

This paper discusses the adoption of solar energy in Khyber Pakhtunkhaw (KP) as a part of energy transition in Pakistan. The Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organization Act 2020 is a legal framework at provincial level to support sustainable and green development of power resources in KP. The research follows a qualitative approach, consisting of documentary research of policy and legal documents, with a few illustrative primary-source interviews. The discussion concludes that adoption of solar in KP is limited by policy fragmentation, poor grid preparedness, financing, uneven affordability, lack of technical capacity, inconsistency in equipment market control and lack of provincial roadmaps of implementation. Simultaneously, there are significant opportunities in decentralized energy access, solarization of the public sector, agricultural pumping, self-generation of industries and commercial enterprises, local jobs and energy systems resilient to climate.