The Impact of Delegation of Authority on Job Satisfaction, Job Performance and Organizational Growth at Higher Educational Institutions in Sindh
The present study is explanatory research that adopted a cross-sectional survey design to achieve the objectives of the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain data from the teachers. The data were collected from n=10 public and general private universities of Sindh. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.22 and AMOS v.22. The findings revealed that firstly, a delegation of authority has a significant impact on job satisfaction because (?= 0.928, and p value=0.000). Secondly, a delegation of authority has a significant impact on job performance because (?= 1.047, and p value=0.000). Thirdly, job satisfaction has a significant impact on organizational growth because (?=0.407, and p value=0.000). Fourthly, job performance has a significant impact on organizational growth because (?=0.141, and p value=0.000). Therefore, this study recommends that the practice of delegation of authority should be adopted in public and private universities.
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Delegation of Authority, Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, Organizational Growth, Higher Educational Institutions of Sindh
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(1) Syed Gul Muhammad Shah
PhD Scholar, Iqra University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Anjum Bano Kazmi
Professor, Department of Speech and Language, Iqra University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Exploring the Presence of Balanced Growth: Empirical Evidence from Denmark
The aim of present study was to explore existence of long-run association between consumption, income and investment implied by Balanced Growth proposition of Neo-classical-growth-model of the Solow and Swan (1956). Using quarterly data on consumption, income and investment from 1995q1 through 2018q4. The study have tested the balanced growth hypothesis for the Denmark. Using standard Vector-Auto-Regression technique of Johansen (1988) and Johansen and Juselius (1990) analysed the output shocks to both consumption and investment. Although, there exists cointegration implying long run relationship, the results are not consistent with the balanced-growth-hypothesis (BGH) with given data sample for Denmark.
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Balanced Growth, Consumption, Investment, Output, cointegration, Time Series, Impulse Response, Variance Decomposition
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(1) Ghulam Yahya Khan
Assistant Professor, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Masood Anwar
PhD Scholar, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
(3) Aftab Anwar
Assistant Professor, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Exploring the Factors Affecting Economic Growth in Pakistan
Economic growth varies across different countries. Various potential factors have been identified over the years, but finding relevant determinants of growth has been a real issue for empirical investigation. This paper has attempted to examine different macro-economic variables that play a significant role in accelerating economic growth from 1970 to 2019. The econometric results show that human capital, financial development, and industrial production are the encouraging factors of economic growth, while the variable trade openness shows a negative effect on economic growth in Pakistan. Government should design policies to invest inhuman capital and fixed assets; this will create job opportunities for the people and leads to high economic growth.
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Exports, Economic Growth, Human Capital, Investment
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(1) Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah
Assistant Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Muzammil Asghar
Crop Reporter, Crop Reporting Service, District Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Umber Riaz
Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Inclusive Growth Measurement Under Different Political Regimes of Pakistan
Existing literature focuses on the determinants and ways to enhance economic growth. This, however, neglects the growth benefit to society. Distribution aspect of economic growth is ignored in the previous decades. As a result, the world cannot enjoy the benefits of economic growth. In this paper inclusive growth index (IGI) is used which is constructed by the Asian Development Bank, 2011 to investigate whether the economic growth in Pakistan creates opportunities for the entire population on an equal basis and how political regimes affect the inclusive growth. Performance of the sixteen indicators of inclusive growth index is assessed over the period of 1978-2014, under two Democratic and two dictators' regimes. The result of the study shows that inclusive growth in Pakistan is low. However, the trend of inclusive growth in Pakistan is positive. Inclusive growth can be increase by increase the pace of economic growth besides democratic culture.
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Inclusive Growth, Economic Growth, Political Economy, Political regimes, Democracy, Dictatorship.
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(1) Muhammad Masood Anwar
PhD Scholar, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
(2) Aftab Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Ghulam Yahya Khan
Assistant Professor, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
Process of Post Traumatic Growth in Trauma Victims in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study
The facet of trauma as a constructive means is recent area of study in the field of Positive Psychology i.e, Posttraumatic growth. The present qualitative study is aimed to explore the process of PTG in the trauma victims of Pakistan. Total sample (N=40) having an equal number of participants i.e, manmade disaster (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) and natural disasters (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) was selected purposively. Interview protocol i.e, Semi-Structured Questionnaire was developed with the help of previous literature to go deep about the growth process in participants. The in-depth interviews were conducted on victims showing high Post-traumatic growth on PTGI. In-depth interviews were conducted, tape-recorded and transcribed. Themes were extracted out of bulk of the data through IPA to find out the process of PTG. Main themes were extracted and a Model of PTG was developed with the interaction of those themes.
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Post Traumatic Growth, Qualitative Study, Man-made Disasters, Natural Disasters
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(1) Samra Zubair Lodhi
PhD Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Seema Gul
Assistant Professor, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Growth Environment Score and Economic Growth Nexus in Next Eleven Countries
This paper investigates the relationship between growth environment score and economic growth of N11 (Next eleven) countries over the period of 20 years that is; 1999-2018. A panel data regression, fixed effect model, random effect model and Hausman test are applied in our study.According to the Hausman specification test, the fixed-effect model is a suitable model for the study. Econometrics findings suggested that macroeconomic stability (external debt), macroeconomic conditions(investment) and human capital (education) have a significant impact on the economic growth of N11 countries. Our empirical findings provide insights on strategies that the countrywide government should enforce to enhance financial boom and improvement throughout the N11 countries.
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Economic Growth, Next Eleven Countries, Growth Environment Score, Panel Regression, Hausman Specification Test
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(1) Anam Tariq
Scholar, UCP Business School, Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Zahid Ahmed
Associate Professor, UCP Business School, Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The Mediating Role of Inflation in the Relationship between Currency Depreciation and Economic Growth
This study investigates the role of inflation as a mediator between currency depreciation and economic growth in Pakistan from 1972 to 2016. Using the Ng-Parron unit root test, the stationarity of the variables is determined. The outcomes of Ng-Parron unit root tests indicate that all variables in the model exhibit mix-order integration. This paper also employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) to evaluate the relationship between currency depreciation, inflation, and economic expansion. The results show very clearly that the inflation rate does not play a role in the link between currency depreciation and economic growth in the case of Pakistan.
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Depreciation, Economic Growth, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL)
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(1) Naveed Ali
Department of Economics & Development Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
(2) Izhar Ul Hassan
Government of Pakhtunkhwa Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
(3) Abdul Wahab
Government Polytechnical Institute, Sardar Garhi, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
The Effects of Devaluation of Currency on Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of Remittances
This study looks into how the devaluation of the Pakistani currency affected remittances (REM) and economic growth (EG) in Pakistan. The study also looks at how REM affects the link between the devaluation of the currency and the growth of the economy in Pakistan Over the course of 45 years, from 1972 to 2016. The study uses Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) for examining the relationship. This study uses sensitivity analysis and chooses among different econometric techniques, which take into account the endogeneity problem. The results show that remittances partially mediate the relationship between the devaluation of currency and economic growth.Moreover, a one unit rise in REM leads to a 0.47 unit decrease in EG.
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Devaluation, Remittances, Economic Growth, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL)
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(1) Naveed Ali
Department of Economics & Development Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
(2) Izhar Ul Hassan
Government of Pakhtunkhwa Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Abdul Wahab
Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
Gwadar Port as the Socioeconomic Pivot to China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Prospects and Repercussions
China is emerging as an economic power of the world and correspondingly it has unleashed a strategy of its sustained economic growth alongside socioeconomic development of the region and beyond, through implementation of its envisaged grand Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In this regard, Pakistanis accommodating China’s flagship project, China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The success of CPEC hinges on the unhindered development and sustenance of Gwadar Port for assured uninterrupted sea - land linkage of CPEC. Besides supporting CPEC, Gwadar Port has gigantic potential to contribute towards Pakistan’s socioeconomic development and improving socioeconomic stature of landlocked Central Asian States. Geopolitics always play its role in all regional and international developments which embody clash of interest among stakeholder states and development of Gwadar Port is no exception. Alongside enormous prospects of payoffs, Gwadar Port encounters serious challenges to its development and sustenance, which have not been much deliberated in academic discourses. This paper, besides ascertaining the socioeconomic impacts of Gwadar Port on Pakistan, China, regional states and CPEC, identifies international repercussions and domestic challenges to Gwadar Port’s success; thus help the policy makers to draw pertinent conclusions.
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Economic Connectivity, Socioeconomic Growth, Geography, IOR, Traditional Security, Non-Traditional Security
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(1) Sultan Maqsood
Ph.D Scholar, Area Study Centre, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Maliha Zeba Khan
Ph.D Scholar, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Sajjad Ali Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Learning Community Growth among Remoteness: Temporal and Technological Dimension
In an important way, this study investigates various aspects of community development and social support among participants in computer technology-enhanced distance education programs. The current analysis focuses on the characteristics that define communities and how students build and maintain them. Drawing on a series of interviews with 17 students, the study highlights the importance of community and its contribution to supporting them. This process is very important in developing a sense of community among students. Students derive satisfaction from the temporal intimacy of live lectures and the associated whisper facility for socializing in Web Relay Chat. They also exploited the near-simultaneous use of email and the timing of assignment submissions to subtly initiate email exchanges among themselves, as observed in the study. Overall, the interviews conducted in the study indicated that a strong sense of community benefits both individuals and programs, supporting educators' efforts to create such communities for online learners.
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Community Growth, Remoteness, Computer Technology, Distance Education, Students
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(1) Altaf Hussain Abro
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Sindh University, Laar Campus Badin, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Kirshan Kumar Luhana
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Sindh University, Laar Campus Badin, Sindh, Pakistan.
(3) Ali Raza
Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Sindh, Pakistan.
