References

• Anderson, S. E., & Maninger, R. M. (2007). Preservice teachers’ abilities, beliefs, and intentions regarding technology integration. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 37(2), 151–172
• Altun, D., & Tantekin-Erden, F. (2018). Digital profilies of pre-service preschool teachers. 17th International Primary Teaching Education Symposium. Ankara, Turkey.
• Baek, Y. G., Jong, J., & Kim, H. (2008). What makes teachers use technology in the classroom? Exploring the factors affecting facilitation of technology with a Korean sample. Computers & Education, 50(1), 224– 234.
• Calvani, A., Fini, A., Ranieri, M., & Picci, P. (2012). Are young generations in secondary school digitally competent? A study on Italian teenagers. Computers & Education, 58(2), 797–807.
• Cohen, J. (1988): Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences(2nd ed).Magwah,N.J,Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Creswell, J.W., & Plano,C. V. L.(2011). Designing and conducting mixed method research(2nd ed).Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage.
• Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S. (2009). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(2), 123–149.
• Dong, Y., Chai, C. S., Sang, G. Y., Koh, J. H. L., & Tsai, C. C. (2015). Exploring the profiles and interplays of pre-service and in-service teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in China. Educational Technology & Society, 18(1), 158–169.
• Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher technology change: How knowledge, confidence, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255–284.
• Ellis, R. A., Goodyear, P., Bliuc, A.-M., & Ellis, M. (2011). High school students’ experiences of learning through research on the Internet. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(6), 503–515. Retrieved from
• Fahser-Herro, D., & Steinkuehler, C. (2009). Web 2.0 literacy and secondary teacher education. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 26(2), 55-62.
• Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy. New York: Wiley Computer Pub.
• Graham, C. R. (2011). Theoretical considerations for understanding technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Computers & Education, 57, 1953–1969.
• Gunes, E., & Bahcivan, E. (2018). A mixed research-based model for pre-service science teachers’ digital literacy: Responses to “which beliefs” and “how and why they interact” questions. Computers & Education, 118, 96– 10
• Henderson, R. (2011). Classroom pedagogies, digital literacies and the home-school digitadivide. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 6(2), 152–161.
• Helsper, E., & Eynon, R. (2010). Digital natives: where is the evidence? British Educational Research Journal, 36(3), 503–520.
• Jang, S. J. (2010). Integrating the interactive whiteboard and peer coaching to develop the TPACK of secondary science teachers. Computers & Education, 55(4), 1744–1751.
• Joo, Y. J., Park, S., & Lim, E. (2018). Factors Influencing Preservice Teachers’ Intention to Use Technology:TPACK, Teacher Self- efficacy, and Technology Acceptance Model. Educational Technology & Society, 21(3), 48–59.
• Kabakci-Yurdakul, I., & Coklar, A. N. (2014) Modeling preservice teachers’ TPACK competencies based on ICT usage. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 30(4), 363–376.
• Koehler,M.J.,& Mishra, P.(2005).What happens when teachers design educational technology? The development of technological pedagogical and content knowledge. Journal of Educational computing Research ,32(2),131-152.
• Koehler,M.J.,Mishra,P.,& Yahya, K.(2007).Tracing the development of teachers knowledge in a design seminar: Integrating content, Pedagogy,& technology. Computers and education,49(3),740-762
• Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Kereluik, K., Shin, T. S., & Graham, C. R. (2014). The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework. In M. J. Spector, D. M. Merrill, J. Elen & J. M. Bishop (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communicationsand Technology (pp. 101–111). New York: Springer.
• Lee, M. H., & Tsai, C. C. (2008). Exploring teachers’ perceived self efficacy and technological pedagogical content knowledge with respect to educational use of the World Wide Web. Instructional Science, 38(1), 1–21.