SOCIO PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON MEDIA PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS DURING MILITARY OPERATIONS IN PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).35      10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).35      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Rooh ulAminKhan , ZahidYousaf

35 Pages : 269-275

References

  • Hanan, M. A., Saleem, N., Ali, A., & Mukhtar, S. (2016). Role of Media in Strengthening Democracy in Pakistan: Journalists' Perception. South Asian Studies 31(1) 331-345.
  • Bläsi, B. (2004). Peace journalism and the news production process. Conflict & Communication, 3
  • Bratić , V. (2006). Media effects during violent conflicts: Evaluating media contribution to peace building. Conflict & communication online 5(1).
  • Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (2016). https://www.cpj.org/killed/asia/pakistan/
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58.
  • Fahmy, S., & Johnson, T. (2012). Invasion vs. occupation: A hierarchy-of-influence analysis of how embeds assess influences and performance in covering the Iraq War. International Communication Gazette, 74(1), 23- 42.
  • Galtung, J. & Lynch, J. (2010). Reporting Conflict: New Directions in Peace Journalism. Australia: University of Queensland Press.
  • Galtung, J. (2002). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilization. London: Sage.
  • Hawkins, V. (2011). Media selectivity and the other side of the CNN effect: The consequences of not paying attention to conflict. Media, War & Conflict, 4(1), 55-68.
  • Intermedia, Annual State of Pakistan Media Report 2007-08. Retrieved on 19.11.2016 from http://www.intermedia.org.pk/Media in Pakistan 2008-pr.pdf
  • International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2006). Asia-Pacific the deadliest region for journalists globally. Retrieved on 24.2.2016 from http://www.ifj.org/nc/news-single-view/backpid/59/article/asia-pacific-thedeadliest-region-for-journalists-globally/
  • International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2016). End Impunity in Pakistan. Retrieved on 24.1.2017 from http://www.ifj.org/campaigns/end-impunity-2016/end-impunity-2016-pakistan/
  • International Media Support (IMS), http://www.ims.dk/publication/pakistanbetween-radicalisation-and-democratisation-in-an-unfolding-conflict.
  • Junaidi, http://dawn.com/2012/03/01/fata-journalists-on-razors-edge
  • K. Brulliard and H.N. Khan, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2009/12/22/AR2009122200219.html
  • Kempf, W. (2007). Peace journalism: A tight rope walk between advocacy journalism and constructive conflict coverage. Conflict & communication online 6(2).
  • Kim, H. S. (2010). Forces of gatekeeping and journalists' perceptions of physical danger in post-Saddam Hussein's Iraq. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3), 484-500.
  • Kovarik, B. (2007). Journalism that gives peace a chance. URL: (retrieved 06-16-2013). http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/misc/blog/5journalism.peace2.html
  • Krosnidc, J. A. (1988). Attitude importance and attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24(3), 240-255.
  • Lacasse, K., & Forster, L. (2012). The war next door: Peace journalism in US local and distant newspapers' coverage of Mexico. Media, War & Conflict, 5(3), 223-237.
  • Lavrakas, P. J. (1993). Telephone survey methods: Sampling, selection, and supervision (2nd edition). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Lee, S. T., & Maslog, C. C. (2005). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts. Journal of Communication, 55(2), 311-329.
  • Linda K. Owens (2005) Introduction to Survey Research Design, Survey Research Laboratory. Accessed on April 1, 2017 from http://www.srl.uic.edu
  • Lynch, J & A. McGoldrick (2005). Peace Journalism. London: Hawthorne Press
  • Lee, S. T., & Maslog, C. C. (2005). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts. Journal of Communication, 55(2), 311-329.
  • Pakistan Media Commission Review (2013). The Four categories of Media. Retrieved on 19.12.2016 from http://mediacommissionreview.org/the-four-categories-of-media/
  • Pakistan Media Stats (2013), NationMaster. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/countryinfo/profiles/Pakistan/Media
  • Severin, W. & Tankard, J. (1992). Communication theories: Origins, methods, and uses in the mass media. New York: Longman.
  • Shoemaker, P. & Reese, S. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content. New York, NY: Longman.
  • UNESCO (2014), Supporting Safety of Journalists in Pakistan - An Assessment based on UNESCO's Journalists' Safety Indicators, PILOT ASSESSMENT 2013-2014 - WORKING DOCUMENT prepared by IRADA for UNESCO. Last accessed http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/publications/pakistan_jsi_final_work ing_document_20072016.pdf
  • Wolfsfeld, G. (2004). Media and the path to peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

References

  • Hanan, M. A., Saleem, N., Ali, A., & Mukhtar, S. (2016). Role of Media in Strengthening Democracy in Pakistan: Journalists' Perception. South Asian Studies 31(1) 331-345.
  • Bläsi, B. (2004). Peace journalism and the news production process. Conflict & Communication, 3
  • Bratić , V. (2006). Media effects during violent conflicts: Evaluating media contribution to peace building. Conflict & communication online 5(1).
  • Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (2016). https://www.cpj.org/killed/asia/pakistan/
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58.
  • Fahmy, S., & Johnson, T. (2012). Invasion vs. occupation: A hierarchy-of-influence analysis of how embeds assess influences and performance in covering the Iraq War. International Communication Gazette, 74(1), 23- 42.
  • Galtung, J. & Lynch, J. (2010). Reporting Conflict: New Directions in Peace Journalism. Australia: University of Queensland Press.
  • Galtung, J. (2002). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilization. London: Sage.
  • Hawkins, V. (2011). Media selectivity and the other side of the CNN effect: The consequences of not paying attention to conflict. Media, War & Conflict, 4(1), 55-68.
  • Intermedia, Annual State of Pakistan Media Report 2007-08. Retrieved on 19.11.2016 from http://www.intermedia.org.pk/Media in Pakistan 2008-pr.pdf
  • International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2006). Asia-Pacific the deadliest region for journalists globally. Retrieved on 24.2.2016 from http://www.ifj.org/nc/news-single-view/backpid/59/article/asia-pacific-thedeadliest-region-for-journalists-globally/
  • International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2016). End Impunity in Pakistan. Retrieved on 24.1.2017 from http://www.ifj.org/campaigns/end-impunity-2016/end-impunity-2016-pakistan/
  • International Media Support (IMS), http://www.ims.dk/publication/pakistanbetween-radicalisation-and-democratisation-in-an-unfolding-conflict.
  • Junaidi, http://dawn.com/2012/03/01/fata-journalists-on-razors-edge
  • K. Brulliard and H.N. Khan, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2009/12/22/AR2009122200219.html
  • Kempf, W. (2007). Peace journalism: A tight rope walk between advocacy journalism and constructive conflict coverage. Conflict & communication online 6(2).
  • Kim, H. S. (2010). Forces of gatekeeping and journalists' perceptions of physical danger in post-Saddam Hussein's Iraq. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3), 484-500.
  • Kovarik, B. (2007). Journalism that gives peace a chance. URL: (retrieved 06-16-2013). http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/misc/blog/5journalism.peace2.html
  • Krosnidc, J. A. (1988). Attitude importance and attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24(3), 240-255.
  • Lacasse, K., & Forster, L. (2012). The war next door: Peace journalism in US local and distant newspapers' coverage of Mexico. Media, War & Conflict, 5(3), 223-237.
  • Lavrakas, P. J. (1993). Telephone survey methods: Sampling, selection, and supervision (2nd edition). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Lee, S. T., & Maslog, C. C. (2005). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts. Journal of Communication, 55(2), 311-329.
  • Linda K. Owens (2005) Introduction to Survey Research Design, Survey Research Laboratory. Accessed on April 1, 2017 from http://www.srl.uic.edu
  • Lynch, J & A. McGoldrick (2005). Peace Journalism. London: Hawthorne Press
  • Lee, S. T., & Maslog, C. C. (2005). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts. Journal of Communication, 55(2), 311-329.
  • Pakistan Media Commission Review (2013). The Four categories of Media. Retrieved on 19.12.2016 from http://mediacommissionreview.org/the-four-categories-of-media/
  • Pakistan Media Stats (2013), NationMaster. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/countryinfo/profiles/Pakistan/Media
  • Severin, W. & Tankard, J. (1992). Communication theories: Origins, methods, and uses in the mass media. New York: Longman.
  • Shoemaker, P. & Reese, S. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content. New York, NY: Longman.
  • UNESCO (2014), Supporting Safety of Journalists in Pakistan - An Assessment based on UNESCO's Journalists' Safety Indicators, PILOT ASSESSMENT 2013-2014 - WORKING DOCUMENT prepared by IRADA for UNESCO. Last accessed http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/publications/pakistan_jsi_final_work ing_document_20072016.pdf
  • Wolfsfeld, G. (2004). Media and the path to peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Khan, R. u. A., & Yousaf, Z. (2019). Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(II), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).35

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khan, Rooh ul Amin, and Zahid Yousaf. 2019. "Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, IV (II): 269-275 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).35

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHAN, R. U. A. & YOUSAF, Z. 2019. Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 269-275.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khan, Rooh ul Amin, and Zahid Yousaf. 2019. "Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, IV: 269-275

MLA

    MLA : Khan, Rooh ul Amin, and Zahid Yousaf. "Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, IV.II (2019): 269-275 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khan, Rooh ul Amin and Yousaf, Zahid (2019), "Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan", Global Social Sciences Review, IV (II), 269-275

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Khan, Rooh ul Amin, and Zahid Yousaf. "Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (2019): 269-275. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).35