ARTICLE

THE MYTH OF DOWNSIDE RISK BASED CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

15 Pages : 265-280

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).15      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).15      Published : Sep 2018

The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries

    The study aims to empirically investigate the applicability of the downside risk based Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) for four south Asian countries e.g. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Fama-MacBeth methodology is used for monthly data from January 2007 to December 2017. The results partially supported the predictors of the model for all the four equity markets and can be concluded that the downside risk based CAPM better suits the emerging equity markets. All market players may be benefited with the results concluded in the study. The region have large similarities and the setup of the equity markets is also quite identical, making them suitable for an integrated stock market.

    (1) Syed Aziz Rasool
    PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Adiqa Kausar Kiani
    Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad. Pakistan.
    (3) Noor Jehan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
  • Akbar, et. Al, (2012). The Myth of Downside Risk Based CAPM: Evidence from Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 6(4), pp.860-869.
  • Ang, A., Chen, J. & Xing, Y. (2001). Downside Risk and the Momentum Effect. Working Paper 8643, National Bureau of Economic Research, Massachusetts.
  • Ang, A., Chen, J. & Xing, Y. (2006). Downside Risk. Review of Financial Studies, 19, 1191-1239.
  • Artavanis, N., Diacogiannis, G. & Mylonakis, J. (2010). The D-CAPM: The Case of Great Britain and France. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(3), 25-38.
  • Alam,M., & Chowdhury,E. & Chowdhury,T. (2015). Application of capital asset pricing model: empirical evidences from Chittagong stock exchange. Journal of cost and management, 43(3), 38-44.
  • Bajpai, S. & Sharma, A. (2015). Capital Asset Pricing Model and Industry Effect: Evidence from Indian Market. The IUP Journal of Financial Risk Management, 12(2), 2015, pp.30-40.
  • Bawa, V. & Lindenberg, E. (1977). Capital Market Equilibrium in a Mean-Lower Partial Moment Framework. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), pp.189-200.
  • Cheremushkin, S. (2011). Internal Inconsistencies of Downside CAPM Models. Electronic Journal of CorporateFinance, 4(20), pp. 90-111.
  • Choudhary, K. & Choudhary, S. (2010). Testing Capital Asset Pricing Model: empirical evidence from Indian equity Market. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 3(6), pp.127-138.
  • Dittmar, R. (2002). Nonlinear Pricing Kernels, Kurtosis Preference, and Evidence from the Cross Section of Equity Returns. Journal of Finance. 57(1), pp.369-403.
  • Estrada J. (2000). The Cost of Equity in Emerging Markets: A Downside Risk Approach. Emerging Markets Quarterly, 4, pp. 19-30.
  • Estrada, J. (2002). Systematic Risk in Emerging Markets: the D-CAPM. Emerging Markets Review, 3, pp.365-379.
  • Fama, E. and MacBeth, J. (1973). Risk, Return and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests. The Journal of Political Economy, 81, pp.607-636.
  • Galagedera, D. & Brooks, R. (2005). Is Systematic Downside Beta Risk Really Priced? Evidence in Emerging Market Data. Working Paper 11/05, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash University, Australia.
  • Gul, F. (1991). A Theory of Disappointment Aversion. Econometrica, 59, 3, pp.667-686.
  • Harlow, W. (1991). Asset Allocation in a Downside-Risk Framework. The Financial Analyst Journal, 47(5), pp.28-40.
  • Harlow W. & Rao K. (1989). Asset Pricing in a Generalized Mean-Lower Partial Moment Framework: Theory & Evidence. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis, 24, pp.285-311.
  • Harvey, C. & Siddique, A. (2000).Conditional Skewness in Asset Pricing Tests. Journal of Finance, 55, 12631295.
  • Hogan, W. & Warren, J. (1974). Towards the Development of an Equilibrium Capital-Market Model Based on Semivariance. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis, 9(1), pp.1-11.
  • Iqbal, J. & Brooks. R. (2007). Alternative Beta Risk Estimators and Asset Pricing Tests in Emerging Markets: the Case of Pakistan. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 17, pp.75-93.
  • Javid, A. (2008). Time Varying Risk Return Relationship: Evidence from Listed Pakistani Firms, Journal of Scientific Research, 22(1), pp.16-39.
  • Javid, A. (2009). Test of Higher Moment Capital Asset Pricing Model in Case of Pakistani Equity Market. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 15, pp.144-162.
  • Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica, 47, pp. 263-291.
  • Kraus, A. & Litzenberger, R. (1976). Skewness Preference and the Valuation of Risky Assets. Journal of Finance, 31(4), 1085-1094. KSE Annual Report (2011), Available at: http://www.kse.com.pk/
  • Lee, W. and Rao, R. (1988). Mean Lower Partial Moment Valuation and Lognormally Distributed Returns.Management Sciences, 34(4), pp.446-453.
  • Libby, R. & Fishburn, P. (1977). Behavioral Models of Risk Taking in Business Decisions: A Survey and Evaluation. Journal of Accounting Research, 15, pp.272-292.
  • Lintner, J. (1965). The Valuation of Risk Assets and Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets. Review of Economics and Statistics, 47, pp.13-37.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7, pp.77-91.
  • Post, T. and Van Vliet, P. (2006). Downside Risk and Asset Pricing. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(3), pp.823-849.
  • Richards, A. (1996). Volatility and Predictability in National Markets: How do Emerging and Mature Markets Differ? IMF Staff Papers, 43 (3), pp.461-501.
  • Rizwan, S., Shaikh, S. J., & Shehzadi, M. (2013). Validity of Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM): Evidence from Cement Sector of Pakistan Listed Under Karachi Stock Exchange. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2 (6), pp.66-81
  • Rubinstein, M. (1973). The Fundamental Theorem of Parameter Preference Security Valuation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 8(1), pp. 61-69.
  • Shah,N., Dars,J.,Haroon,M.A. (2015). Asset Pricing Model on conditional on up and down market for emerging market: The Case of Pakistan. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), pp.15-27.
  • Shaikh, S.A. (2012). Testing Capital Asset Pricing Model on KSE Stocks. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 2(2).
  • Sharpe, W. (1964). Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk. Journal of Finance, 19, pp.425-442.
  • Yasmeen, et.al, (2012). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical evidence from Pakistan.MRPA paper No.41961

Cite this article

    APA : Rasool, S. A., Kiani, A. K., & Jehan, N. (2018). The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries. Global Social Sciences Review, III(III), 265-280. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).15
    CHICAGO : Rasool, Syed Aziz, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, and Noor Jehan. 2018. "The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries." Global Social Sciences Review, III (III): 265-280 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).15
    HARVARD : RASOOL, S. A., KIANI, A. K. & JEHAN, N. 2018. The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries. Global Social Sciences Review, III, 265-280.
    MHRA : Rasool, Syed Aziz, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, and Noor Jehan. 2018. "The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries." Global Social Sciences Review, III: 265-280
    MLA : Rasool, Syed Aziz, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, and Noor Jehan. "The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries." Global Social Sciences Review, III.III (2018): 265-280 Print.
    OXFORD : Rasool, Syed Aziz, Kiani, Adiqa Kausar, and Jehan, Noor (2018), "The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries", Global Social Sciences Review, III (III), 265-280
    TURABIAN : Rasool, Syed Aziz, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, and Noor Jehan. "The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. III (2018): 265-280. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).15