ARTICLE

AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY OF NON ENTREPRENEURS THEMATIC ANALYSIS

39 Pages : 379-389

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).39      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).39      Published : Mar 1

An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis)

    Non-entrepreneur refers to a person who is non-actor and absent from entrepreneurial actions and not making intention towards entrepreneurship. An exploratory case study method (Yin, 2014) was used to carry out the research. Unstructured interviews were conducted with four non-entrepreneurs and field notes were written down on the notebook with the pencil to save the data. Thematic analysis was applied to the text to reach the important themes deducted from views and perceptions of the participants. Finding of the study depicted that lack of personal intention and will, lack of knowledge and information about entrepreneurship, lack of understanding the entrepreneurship, no familial association with business, family involvement in the selection of career and education were major impediments. In the end, important implications were drawn i.e. seminars and conferences must be conducted to overcome the hurdles of lacking the understanding of entrepreneurship.

    Non-entrepreneurs, lack of entrepreneurship knowledge and understanding, family involvement in career selection, lack of personal desire and will, family business, self-efficacy, culture
    (1) Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
    PhD Scholar,Department of Sociology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Babak Mahmood
    Associate Professor, Department of Sociology,Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Mudassar Mushtaq
    PhD Scholar,Business Administration,National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA&E) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
  • Aldrich, H. E., & Cliff, J. E. (2003). The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: toward a family embeddedness perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 573-596.
  • Arregle, J. L., Hitt, M. A., Sirmon, D. G., & Very, P. (2007). The development of organizational social capital: Attributes of family firms. Journal of Management Studies, 44(1), 73-95.
  • Ashraf, M. F., Mehmood, B., & Mushtaq, M. (2019). An empirical study of impediments of entrepreneurship failure. A case study of district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. (Thematic Analysis). Global Regional Review, 4(1), 343-350. DOI: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).37
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control; Worth Publishers: New York, NY, USA.
  • Bygrave, W. D. (2004). The Entrepreneurial Process,
  • Chang, E. P. C., Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2008). The regional economy as a determinant of the prevalence of family firms in the United States: A preliminary report. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32 (3), 559-573.
  • Chen, C.C., Greene, P.G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venture, 13, 295-316.
  • Davidsson, P. (2016). Researching entrepreneurship: conceptualization and design. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland.
  • Discua-Cruz, A. D., Howorth, C., and Hamilton, E. (2013). Intra-family entrepreneurship: The formation and membership of family entrepreneurial teams. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37 (1), 17-46.
  • Draghici, A., Draghici, G. and Tamasila, M. (2012). Research approaches for entrepreneurship development in high education. 7th International Conference on Quality Management in Higher Education (QMHE 2012), Iasi, 16-17 November
  • Draghici A., Ivascu L. V., Baban C. F., & Bacali L. (2015a). University-Industry Collaboration in Open Innovation, Proceedings of 9th annual International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED 2015, 2nd -4th of March 2015, Madrid, Spain, 6278-6287.
  • Dyer, W. G. (2006). Examining the 'family effect' on firm performance. Family Business Review, 19(4), 253-273.
  • Dyer, G. W., & Handler, W. (1994). Entrepreneurship and family business: Exploring the connections. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(1), 71-83.
  • Fairlie, R. W., and Robb, A. (2007). Families, human capital and small business. Evidence from the characteristics of business owners survey. ILR Review, 60(2), 225-245.
  • Fuchs, K., Werner, A. &Wallau, F. (2008). Entrepreneurship education in Germany and Sweden: what role do different school systems play? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 365-381.
  • Garner, W. B. (1989). Who is an entrepreneur? Is the wrong question. Entrepreneurship theory and practice. Summer (1989). Retrieved from https://zabdesk.szabist.edu.pk/CoursePortFolioFiles/Mubin_1140_2758_1/who is an ent - lums.pdf
  • Gati, I., & Saka, N. (2001). High school students' career-related decision-making difficulties. Journal of Counselling & Development, 79(3), 331.
  • George, G., & Zahra, A.S. (2002) National culture and entrepreneurship: a review of behavioural research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 33-49.
  • Gnyawali, D.R., and Fogel, D.S. (1994). Environments for Entrepreneurship Development: Key Dimensions and Research Implications. University of Pitssburgh, 18(4), 43-62.
  • Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2009). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization. South-western College Publishing: Cincinnati, OH. Retrieved from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:632038/FULLTEXT01.pdf
  • Joseph, L. L. (2012). The impact of family influence and involvement on career development.
  • Kazmi, S, Z, A., Khan, S., & Nabradi, A. (2017). What differentiate the entrepreneurs from nonentrepreneurs on nature and nurture: applied studies in Agribusiness and commerce, AGRIMBA, 11(3-4). Retrieved from http;//ideas.respec.org/ags/apstra/273272.html
  • Kelle, U. (2004). Computer assisted analysis of qualitative data. In U. Flick, E. Con Kardorff & I. Strike (Ed's.), a companion to qualitative research (pp. 276-283). London: Sage
  • Konig, A., Kammerlander, N., & Enders, A. (2013). The family innovator's dilemma: How family influence affects the adoption of discontinuous technologies by incumbent firms. Academy of Management Review, 38(3), 418-441.
  • Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330.
  • Krueger, N.F., & Barazeal, D.V. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, 18, 91-104
  • Krueger, N. F. Jr., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15, 411- 432.
  • Mansur, D.M. (2002). Entrepreneurship and Innovation Towards the Application. In Liang, T.W. (Ed.), Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Knowledge-based Economy: Challenges and Strategies (pp. 31-38). Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization.
  • Nassif, V. M. J., Ghobril , A. N., & Silva, N. S. D. (2010). Understanding the entrepreneurial process: A dynamic approach. Brazilian Administrative Review, 7(2), 213-226.
  • Neguyen, C. (2018). Demographic factors, family background and prior self-employment on entrepreneurial intention- Vietnamese business students are different: why? Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research (2018) 8:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0097-3
  • Nordqvist, M. N., & Melin, L. (2010). Entrepreneurship families and family firms. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 22(3-4), 211-239.
  • Oomen, A. (2016). Parental involvement in career education and guidance in secondary education. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, 37, 1-46.
  • Paunescu, C., Popescu, M. C., & Duennweber, M. (2018). Factors determining desirability of entrepreneurship in Romania. Sustainability, 10, 3893; doi:10.3390/su10113893
  • Peng, Z., Lu, L., & Kang, H. (2012). Entrepreneurial intentions and its influencing factors: A survey of the university students in Xi'an China. Creative Education, 3, 95-100.
  • Pinillos, M. J., & Reyes, L. (2011). Relationship between individualist-collectivist culture and entrepreneurial activity: evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. Small Business and Economics, 37(1), 23-37, doi:10.1007/s11187-009-9230-6.
  • Rogof, E. G., & Heck, R. (2003). Evolving research in entrepreneurship and family business: Recognizing family as the oxygen that feeds the fire of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 559-566.
  • Ruef, M. (2010). The entrepreneurial group: Social identities, relations, and collective action. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press
  • Ruef, M., Aldrich, H. E., & Carter, N. M. (2003). The structure of founding teams: Homophily, strong ties, and the isolation among U.S. entrepreneurs. American Sociological Review, 68, 195- 222.
  • Russell, S. S., Nabamita, D., & Sanjukta, R. (2010). Does cultural diversity increase the rate of entrepreneurship? The Review of Austrian Economics, 23(3), 269-286.
  • Sanchez, J., Carballo, T., & Gutierrez, A. (2015). The entrepreneur from a cognitive approach. Psicothema 23(3), 433-438.
  • Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: A meta-analytic test and integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38, 291-332.
  • Seale, C. (2000) Using computers to analyse qualitative data, in D. Silverman (ed.) Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical Handbook. (pp. 155-174). London: Sage
  • Teng, L. Y., Morgan, G. A., & Anderson, S. K. (2001). Career development among ethnic and age groups of community college students. Journal of Career Development, 28(2), 115-27. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.lib.ucf.edu/login?URL=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=tr ue
  • Waheed, S. A., Gilani, N., & Shoukat, L. (2019). The Study Abroad Decision: A Qualitative Case Study of Pakistani Doctoral Students. Global Regional Review 4(4), 328-335. DOI: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).36
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th Ed.). Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage Publications
  • Yousaf, S. W. M., Jabar, J., Murad, M. A., & Ortega, R. T. (2017). Exploring the cultural determinants of entrepreneurial success: The case of Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 4(12) 2017, 287-297.

Cite this article

    APA : Ashraf, M. F., Mahmood, B., & Mushtaq, M. (2020). An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis). Global Social Sciences Review, V(I), 379-389. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).39
    CHICAGO : Ashraf, Muhammad Furqan, Babak Mahmood, and Mudassar Mushtaq. 2020. "An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis)." Global Social Sciences Review, V (I): 379-389 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).39
    HARVARD : ASHRAF, M. F., MAHMOOD, B. & MUSHTAQ, M. 2020. An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis). Global Social Sciences Review, V, 379-389.
    MHRA : Ashraf, Muhammad Furqan, Babak Mahmood, and Mudassar Mushtaq. 2020. "An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis)." Global Social Sciences Review, V: 379-389
    MLA : Ashraf, Muhammad Furqan, Babak Mahmood, and Mudassar Mushtaq. "An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis)." Global Social Sciences Review, V.I (2020): 379-389 Print.
    OXFORD : Ashraf, Muhammad Furqan, Mahmood, Babak, and Mushtaq, Mudassar (2020), "An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis)", Global Social Sciences Review, V (I), 379-389
    TURABIAN : Ashraf, Muhammad Furqan, Babak Mahmood, and Mudassar Mushtaq. "An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis)." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. I (2020): 379-389. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).39