Policy Considerations for Designing Effective Anti-Corruption Strategies in Pakistan
This article focuses on analyzing essential ingredients to initiate and sustain a successful anticorruption strategy. The basic objective of this policy paper is to recommend a set of policies based on the lessons drawn from the success of anti-corruption strategies in other countries. Taking Pakistan as the test-bed, it relates to the design, initiation, and pursuit of anti-corruption activities. The article elaborates a six-step anti-corruption strategy suggesting that to eradicate corruption effectively, the country must initiate these preconditions. It should: (1) restore the public confidence by showing political will to fight corruption; (2) restructure its main anti-corruption agency; (3) establish an anti-corruption inter-agency coordinating board; (4) reform the police, (5) initiate programs and curriculum for anti-corruption awareness; (6) establish a watchdog from the civil society with an advisory role. The strategies suggested in this article are based on the successes of anti-corruption agencies in Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Georgia.
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Anti-Corruption, Accountability, Corruption Strategies, Developing Nations, Pakistan
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(1) Saranjam Muhammad Baig
Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Oman.
Transition in Pakistani Political Norms of Society and Corruption
The Messenger of ALLAH Almighty, the Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (peace be upon him) has said "Ar-Rashi Wal Murtashi Kila huma Finnar" that mean "the giver and taker of bribes (corrupt) will both go to the fire of hell". This research analyzes corruption's effect on existing social values in Peshawar region of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A total of 150 respondents were selected as sample using stratified random sampling technique for study using Likert scale as measurement tool in interview schedule. The bi-variate and uni-variate analyses were made for reaching results. The existence of the effect of "corruption perception" as independent variable's effects were assessed on the "social values in political institutions" as dependent variable by applying Chi-square test. Furthermore, Gamma (y) statistics' application was made for finding the bond and relationship's direction. It was concluded that a significant association prevails regarding corruption perception with organized corruption alliance between government servants and politicians (P=0.002), politicians who are corrupt do safeguard corrupt interests (P=0.000) and favoured political environment (P=0.000). Moreover, posting candid politicians on significant government posts (P=0.000), removing political influence form bureaucracy (P=0.000), making politicians accountable to agencies related to stopping corruption (P=0.000), recompensing politicians of honesty (P=0.033), sensitizing politicians to be aware of corruption (P=0.000) and applying court's judgements regarding reducing corruption (P=0.000) were found significantly associated with improving state of corruption.
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Corruption, Social, Values, Political and Politicians
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(1) Asad Ullah
Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Mamoon Khan Khattak
Associate Professor of Social Work & Chairman, Department of Social Work & Sociology, KUST, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Mussawar Shah
Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Administrative Issues and Reforms in the Bureaucracy of Pakistan: An Analytical Study
This article highlights the nature of governance in bureaucracy in Pakistan during various regimes. The bureaucracy involved itself in politics and ignored the golden sayings of Quaid-i-Azam, which led it to face various sociopolitical and administrative issues and problems. Bureaucrats sense of primacy resulted in the politicization of bureaucracy. This intervention, as a result, led to decay, arbitrary decision-making, corruption, kickback culture and lack of accountability, etc. This study attempts to present various issues and problems faced by the bureaucracy of Pakistan and suggests reforms to minimize them so that the cherished goal of a developed Pakistan in the 21st century may be achieving.
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Bureaucracy, Corruption, Governance, Institutional Decay, Intervention, Politicization
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(1) Muhammad Safdar
PhD Scholar, Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
An Instance of Corruption during the Hajj and Pakistan's Far-Superior Judiciary System
The Supreme Court of Pakistan received a letter from the government of Saudi Arabia claiming corruption in the Ministry of Religious Affairs' hajj arrangements. In response to the letter, the court invited the Secretaries of religious and foreign affairs to clarify their respective positions. A committee of lawmakers was formed to investigate the situation. On September 1, 2010, the committee issued a report to the prime minister of Pakistan and the chief justice of the supreme court that confirmed Hujjaj's building-rental irregularities. In response to the complaints of several Hujjaj, Justice Khalil Ul Rehman Ramday forwarded the summary with the following comments: "Many individuals came to me in Makah Mukarramah.Complaints were even submitted in writing. "Action as may be thought suitable to eliminate the sufferings of thousands of Hajjis who spend their entire lives saving pennies to perform Hajj, only to have the money they've earned through their blood and sweat lost." The article explores the Hajj corruption issue and the role of Pakistan's Supreme Court. A qualitative study employing content analysis as an analysis method has been undertaken. For primary sources, judicial decisions, the statements of prominent jurists, parliamentary actions, and biographies have been consulted.
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Corruption, Supreme Court, Ministry of Hajj Affair
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(1) Muhammad Siraj Khan
Lecturer Law College, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Naghma Farid
Lecturer Law College, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Farhaj Sikander Yar Khan
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.