SEARCH ARTICLE

32 Pages : 319-325

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).32      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).32      Published : Jun 2022

Social and Political Suppression of Common People in the Current Developing Countries in the Context of George Orwell's Novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984)

    The study examines the nexus of the ruling party's slogans in the state of Oceania, "war is peace, ignorance is strength, freedom is slavery" in George Orwell's novel 1984 to the present societies in developing countries, using the lens of Marxism. Sufyan Al-Dmour states; Three different classes are present in the depicted novel: the ruling class, which is echoed by the Inner Party; Outer Party represents the middle class, the Proles consist of the working class (SufyanAl-Dmour, 2020). The class system is dominating all over the world, specifically in developing countries. MacCartney and Zaidi argue; It was the military-bureaucratic control of a few influential figures, with the three classes which kept what can be called Pakistan's political setup. (McCartney, Zaidi, 2019). Common people in 1984 were severely penalized for who exerted to think or act differently. The pertinence of the slogan "freedom is slavery" in 1984 is still dominant in developing societies.

    Totalitarianism, 1984. Slavery, Exploitation, Surveillance, Propaganda, Control, Marxism
    (1) Raees Khan
    Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan
    (2) Farooq Shah
    Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Saddam Ul Islam
    M.Phil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan

01 Pages : 1-8

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).01      10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).01      Published : Jun 2025

Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: Time Travellesque Trapped Kinetics of Refugee Surveillance towards Exit West

    This paper demonstrates how Mohsin Hamid's Exit West deals with the pernicious consequences of war, and anarchy.  The refugees Saeed and Nadia resorted to escape routes in search of an asylum, due to war. These were desperate times that called for desperate measures. When both protagonists escape using "black doors," what I call 'time- time-travellesque,' it transports them to an alternate reality that negates time and space. This research examines how spatiotemporal travel impacts these two characters who bypass the experience of "trapped kinetics". My argument is that refugee experience and incessant surveillance change people. Both protagonists go through similar experiences but come up with different ways to deal with life. This illuminates how these black doors transcend the restrictions imposed by time and space and how this change rebuts the travel restrictions imposed by visas and borders for the refugees.

    Black Doors, Spatio-Temporal, Surveillance, Time Travellesque, Trapped Kinetics, Refugees
    (1) Mahwish Abid
    Ph. D scholar, Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Aroosa Kanwal
    Professor, Department of English, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.