SEARCH ARTICLE

16 Pages : 228-253

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).16      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).16      Published : Dec 2018

Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale

    In this research, we visit literature directed seven steps procedure of scale development and incorporate it in studying dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and thus finalized 16 items neurotransmitters scale. We incorporated 6 samples for construction of reliable multi-aspect questionnaire that imitated across the samples. We confirm the content adequacy qualitatively and quantitatively including discriminant and convergent validity. We also established the criterion-related validity through the instrument’s relation with measures of behavioral aspects of individual investors. This research proposes that the neurotransmitters scale is valid and reliable. Neurotransmitters as dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine have significant use for individual stock markets investors. This investigators hope that the corroborated scale is reliable as well as valid and will be appropriate to utilize in upcoming studies of neurofinance.

    Neurofinance, Behavioral Finance, Neurotransmitters
    (1) Mumtaz Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Asma Tahir
    Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Forman Christian College University, Lahore,Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Nadeem Sohail
    Director, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

05 Pages : 42-48

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-IV).05      10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-IV).05      Published : Dec 2023

Neurotransmitters and Tourism Happiness: Unraveling the Link between Brain Chemistry and Tourist Experience

    Neurotransmitters, hormones that regulate emotions and sensations, play a crucial role in happiness. Chemicals, released as hormones in the bloodstream, trigger emotions and sensationsin the human body, affecting mood and  emotions influenced by both external and internal factors. Travel, a trend that promotes active health and quality of life, involves activities like sightseeing, hiking, and socializing. These activities help reduce stress, anxiety, and boredom, promoting overall well-being and mental health. Travel & tourism can create memorable experiences that stimulate happiness, during travel reducing tension and anxiety and enhancing overall well-being. Engaging in activities that stimulate happiness hormones can alleviate strain and angst while enhancing mental health.

    Happiness, Hormones, Neurotransmitters, Rehabilitation Mobility, Tourism
    (1) Mohammad Alam
    Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Hazara, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Ahmad Faraz
    Lecturer, Department of Tourism & Hotel Management, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Alam Zeb
    Associate Professor, Department of Tourism & Hotel Management, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan.