CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS SCALE

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).16      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).16      Published : Dec 4
Authored by : MumtazAhmad , AsmaTahir , NadeemSohail

16 Pages : 228-253

References

  • American Psychological Association. (1995). The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Washington, DC :.
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1991). Predicting the performance of measures in a confirmatory factor analysis with a pretest assessment of their substantive validities. Journal of Applied Psychology , 76 (5), 732-740.
  • Andreou, C., Bozikas, V. P., Luedtke1, T., and Moritz, S. (2015). Associations between visual perception accuracy and confidence in a dopaminergic manipulation study. Frontiers in Psychology , 6, 1-7.
  • Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability. Academy of Management Journa , 28 (2), 446-463.
  • Bentler, P. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin , 107 (2), 238-246.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance test and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin , 88 (3), 588-606.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent And Discriminent Validation by the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix. Psychological Bulletin , 56 (2), 81- 105.
  • Campbell, J. P. (1976). Psychometric theory. In M. D. Dunnette, Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 242-288). Chicago : Rand McNally College Pub. Co.
  • Cherry, K. (2015). What is Neurotransmitters? Retrieved 4 15, 2016, from About Health:.
  • Churchill, G. A. (1979). A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs. Journal of Marketing Research , 16 (1), 64-73.
  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1993). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological assessment , 7 (3), 309-319.
  • Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (2009). A First Course in Factor Analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What Is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications. Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 (1), 98-104.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika , 16 (3), 297-334.
  • Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct Validity in Psychologcal Tests. Psychological Bulletin , 52 (4), 281-302.
  • Cohen, S., & Hamrick, N. (2003). Stable individual differences in physiological response to stressors: Implications for stress-elicited changes in immune related health. Brain, behavior, and immunity , 17 (6), 407-414.
  • Colbert, D. (2012). Neurotransmitter Questionnaires. New York, USA. HYPERLINK http://oasisaudio.com/wpcontent/uploads/files/products/I_Can_Do_This_Diet.pdf http://oasisaudio.com/wpcontent/uploads/files/products/I_Can_Do_This_Diet.pdf
  • Dornelles, A., de Lima, M. N., Grazziotin, M., Presti-Torres, J., Garcia, V. A., Scalco, F. S., et al. (2007). Adrenergic enhancement of consolidation of object recognition memory. Neurobiology of learning and memory , 88 (1), 137-142.
  • Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research. Education Research and Perspectives , 38 (1), 105-123.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods , 4 (3), 272-299.
  • Ford, K. J., MacCallum, R. C., & Tait, M. (1986). The Application of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Applied Psychology: A Critical Review and Analysis. Personnel Psychology , 39 (2), 291-314.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research , 18 (1), 39-50.
  • Frydman, D. C. (2012). Essays in Neurofinance. Pasadena,: Californa Institute of Technology.
  • Ge, Y., & Lui, J. (2015). Psychometric Analysis on Neurotransmitter Deficiency of Internet Addicted Urban Left-behind Children. Journal of Alcoholism & Drug Dependence , 3 (5), 1-6.
  • Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment. Journal of Marketing Research , 25 (2), 186-192.
  • Gerbing, D. W., & Hamilton, J. G. (1996). Viability of exploratory factor analysis as a precursor to confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal , 3(1), 62-72.
  • Ghiselli, E. E., Campbell, J. P., & Zedeck, S. (1981). Measurement theory for the Behavioral Sciences. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
  • Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation to sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin , 103 (2), 265-275.
  • Gulla, A., & Purohit, H. (2013). Children's Attitude Towards Television Advertisements And Influence on The Buying Behavior of Parents. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research , 2 (6), 103-117.
  • Hair, J., Tatham, R., & Anderson, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. London: Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson', R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. (6th, Ed.) New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Harden, K. P., and Klump, K. L. (2015). Introduction to the Special Issue on GeneHormone Interplay. Behavior Genetic , 45(3), 263-67.
  • Harlow, W. V., & Brown, K. C. (1990). Understanding and Assessing Financial Risk Tolerance: A Biological Perspective. Financial Analysts Journal, 46(6), 50-80.
  • Harvey, R. J., Billings, R. S., & Nilan, K. J. (1985). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Job Diagnostic Survey: Good news and bad news. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(3), 461.
  • Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hays, R., & Revicki, D. A. (2005). Reliability and validity (including responsiveness). In P. M. Fayers, & R. D. Hays, Assessing quality of life in clinical trials: Methods and practice (2nd ed., pp. 25-29). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 43 (1), 115-135.
  • Hinkin, T.R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of Management, 21, 967-988.
  • Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational research methods, 1(1), 104-121
  • Hinkin, T. R., Tracey, J. B., & Enz, C. A. (1997). Scale construction: Developing reliable and valid measurement instruments. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 21(1), 100-120.
  • Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The Analysis of Covariance Structures: Goodness-of-Fit Indices. Sociological Methods & Research , 11 (3), 325-344.
  • Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal , 6 (1), 1-55.
  • Jokeskog, K. G. (1969). A General Approch to onfirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Aanlysis. Psychometrika , 34 (2), 183-202.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factor simplicity. Psychometrika , 39 (1), 31-36.
  • Kim, J., & Mueller, C. W. (1978). Introduction to factor analysis: What it is and how to do it. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Kinicki, A. J., Jacobson, K. J., Peterson, S. J., & Prussia, G. E. (2013). Development and Validation of The Performance Management Behavior Questionnaire. Personal Psychology , 66 (1), 1-45.
  • Kotcharin, S., Eldridge, S., & Freeman, J. (2012). Investigating the relationships between internal integration and external integration and their impact on combinative competitive capabilities. In Proceedings of the 17th International Working Seminar on Production Economics , 1-12.
  • Krugel, L. K., Biele, G., Mohr, P. N., Li, S. C., & Heekeren, H. R. (2009). Genetic variation in dopaminergic neuromodulation influences the ability to rapidly and flexibly adapt decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 106 (42), 17951-17956.
  • Kuhnen, C. M., & Chiao, J. Y. (2009). Genetic Determinants of Financial Risk Taking. PLoS ONE , 4 (2), 1-4.
  • Kuhnen, C. M., & Knutson, B. (2005). The Neural Basis of Financial Risk Taking. Neuron , 47 (5), 763-770.
  • Kuhnen, C. M., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., & Knutson, B. (2013). Serotonergic Genotypes, Neuroticism, and Financial Choice. PLoS ONE , 8 (1), 1-9.
  • Levine, T. R. (2016). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In C. R. Berger, & M. E. Roloff, The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication (pp. 1-4). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Lissitz, R. W., & Green, S. B. (1975). Effect of the number of scale points on reliability: A Monte Carlo approach. Journal of Applied Psychology , 6 (1), 10-13.
  • Lodish, H., Berk, A., & Zipursky, S.L. (2000). Molecular Cell Biology: Section 21.4 Neurotransmitters, Synapses and Impulse Transmission (4th edition.). New York: W. H. Freeman.
  • Long, J. S. (1983). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
  • MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1991). Organizational citizenship behavior and objective productivity as determinants of managerial evaluations of salespersons' performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 (1), 123-150.
  • Medsker, G. J., Williams, L. J., & Holahan, P. J. (1994). causal models in organizational behavior and human resources management research. Journal of Management , 20 (2), 439-464.
  • Mohr, P. N., & Heekeren, H. R. (2012). The aging investor: Insights from neuroeconomics. (No. 2012-038) , SFB 649, Discussion Paper. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/79631/1/715988948.pdf
  • Mosher, C. P., & Rudebeck, P. H. (2015). The amygdala accountant: new tricks for an old structure. Nature neuroscience , 18 (3), 324-325.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. Michigan University: McGraw-Hill.
  • Osborne, J. W., & Costello, A. B. (2005). Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations for Getting the Most From Your Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation , 10 (7), 1-9.
  • Peterson, R. L. (2014). Neurofinance. In B. H. Kent, & R. Victor, Investor behavior:The Psychology of Financial Planning and Investing (pp. 381- 401). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Piedmont, R. L. (2014). Inter-item Correlations. In A. C. Michalos, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 3303-3304). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 (5), 879- 903.
  • Pompian, M. M. (2006). Neuroeconomics: The Next Frontier for Explaining Investor Behavior. In M. M. Pompian, Behavioral Finance and Waelth Management: How to Build Optimal Portfolios That Account for Investor Biases (pp. 295-302). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Preuschoff, K., Bossaerts, P., & Quartz, S. R. (2006). Neural Differentiation of Expected Reward and Risk in Human Subcortical Structures. Neuron , 51 (3), 381-390.
  • Price, J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1986). Handbook of organizational measurement. Marshfield: Pitman Publishing
  • Revicki, D. (2014). Internal Consistency Reliability. In A. C. Michalos, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 3305- 3306). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Roch, S. G., & McNall, L. A. (2007). An Investigation of Factors Influencing Accountability and Performance Ratings. The Journal of Psychology , 141 (5), 499-523.
  • Roe, B. E., Tilley, M. R., Gu, H. H., Beversdorf, D. Q., Sadee, W., Haab, T. C., et al. (2009). Financial and Psychological Risk Attitudes Associated with Two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Nicotine Receptor (CHRNA4) Gene. PLoS ONE , 4 (8), e6704.
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  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1991). Predicting the performance of measures in a confirmatory factor analysis with a pretest assessment of their substantive validities. Journal of Applied Psychology , 76 (5), 732-740.
  • Andreou, C., Bozikas, V. P., Luedtke1, T., and Moritz, S. (2015). Associations between visual perception accuracy and confidence in a dopaminergic manipulation study. Frontiers in Psychology , 6, 1-7.
  • Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability. Academy of Management Journa , 28 (2), 446-463.
  • Bentler, P. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin , 107 (2), 238-246.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance test and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin , 88 (3), 588-606.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent And Discriminent Validation by the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix. Psychological Bulletin , 56 (2), 81- 105.
  • Campbell, J. P. (1976). Psychometric theory. In M. D. Dunnette, Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 242-288). Chicago : Rand McNally College Pub. Co.
  • Cherry, K. (2015). What is Neurotransmitters? Retrieved 4 15, 2016, from About Health:.
  • Churchill, G. A. (1979). A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs. Journal of Marketing Research , 16 (1), 64-73.
  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1993). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological assessment , 7 (3), 309-319.
  • Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (2009). A First Course in Factor Analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What Is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications. Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 (1), 98-104.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika , 16 (3), 297-334.
  • Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct Validity in Psychologcal Tests. Psychological Bulletin , 52 (4), 281-302.
  • Cohen, S., & Hamrick, N. (2003). Stable individual differences in physiological response to stressors: Implications for stress-elicited changes in immune related health. Brain, behavior, and immunity , 17 (6), 407-414.
  • Colbert, D. (2012). Neurotransmitter Questionnaires. New York, USA. HYPERLINK http://oasisaudio.com/wpcontent/uploads/files/products/I_Can_Do_This_Diet.pdf http://oasisaudio.com/wpcontent/uploads/files/products/I_Can_Do_This_Diet.pdf
  • Dornelles, A., de Lima, M. N., Grazziotin, M., Presti-Torres, J., Garcia, V. A., Scalco, F. S., et al. (2007). Adrenergic enhancement of consolidation of object recognition memory. Neurobiology of learning and memory , 88 (1), 137-142.
  • Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research. Education Research and Perspectives , 38 (1), 105-123.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods , 4 (3), 272-299.
  • Ford, K. J., MacCallum, R. C., & Tait, M. (1986). The Application of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Applied Psychology: A Critical Review and Analysis. Personnel Psychology , 39 (2), 291-314.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research , 18 (1), 39-50.
  • Frydman, D. C. (2012). Essays in Neurofinance. Pasadena,: Californa Institute of Technology.
  • Ge, Y., & Lui, J. (2015). Psychometric Analysis on Neurotransmitter Deficiency of Internet Addicted Urban Left-behind Children. Journal of Alcoholism & Drug Dependence , 3 (5), 1-6.
  • Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment. Journal of Marketing Research , 25 (2), 186-192.
  • Gerbing, D. W., & Hamilton, J. G. (1996). Viability of exploratory factor analysis as a precursor to confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal , 3(1), 62-72.
  • Ghiselli, E. E., Campbell, J. P., & Zedeck, S. (1981). Measurement theory for the Behavioral Sciences. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
  • Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation to sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin , 103 (2), 265-275.
  • Gulla, A., & Purohit, H. (2013). Children's Attitude Towards Television Advertisements And Influence on The Buying Behavior of Parents. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research , 2 (6), 103-117.
  • Hair, J., Tatham, R., & Anderson, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. London: Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson', R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. (6th, Ed.) New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Harden, K. P., and Klump, K. L. (2015). Introduction to the Special Issue on GeneHormone Interplay. Behavior Genetic , 45(3), 263-67.
  • Harlow, W. V., & Brown, K. C. (1990). Understanding and Assessing Financial Risk Tolerance: A Biological Perspective. Financial Analysts Journal, 46(6), 50-80.
  • Harvey, R. J., Billings, R. S., & Nilan, K. J. (1985). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Job Diagnostic Survey: Good news and bad news. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(3), 461.
  • Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hays, R., & Revicki, D. A. (2005). Reliability and validity (including responsiveness). In P. M. Fayers, & R. D. Hays, Assessing quality of life in clinical trials: Methods and practice (2nd ed., pp. 25-29). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 43 (1), 115-135.
  • Hinkin, T.R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of Management, 21, 967-988.
  • Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational research methods, 1(1), 104-121
  • Hinkin, T. R., Tracey, J. B., & Enz, C. A. (1997). Scale construction: Developing reliable and valid measurement instruments. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 21(1), 100-120.
  • Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The Analysis of Covariance Structures: Goodness-of-Fit Indices. Sociological Methods & Research , 11 (3), 325-344.
  • Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal , 6 (1), 1-55.
  • Jokeskog, K. G. (1969). A General Approch to onfirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Aanlysis. Psychometrika , 34 (2), 183-202.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factor simplicity. Psychometrika , 39 (1), 31-36.
  • Kim, J., & Mueller, C. W. (1978). Introduction to factor analysis: What it is and how to do it. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Kinicki, A. J., Jacobson, K. J., Peterson, S. J., & Prussia, G. E. (2013). Development and Validation of The Performance Management Behavior Questionnaire. Personal Psychology , 66 (1), 1-45.
  • Kotcharin, S., Eldridge, S., & Freeman, J. (2012). Investigating the relationships between internal integration and external integration and their impact on combinative competitive capabilities. In Proceedings of the 17th International Working Seminar on Production Economics , 1-12.
  • Krugel, L. K., Biele, G., Mohr, P. N., Li, S. C., & Heekeren, H. R. (2009). Genetic variation in dopaminergic neuromodulation influences the ability to rapidly and flexibly adapt decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 106 (42), 17951-17956.
  • Kuhnen, C. M., & Chiao, J. Y. (2009). Genetic Determinants of Financial Risk Taking. PLoS ONE , 4 (2), 1-4.
  • Kuhnen, C. M., & Knutson, B. (2005). The Neural Basis of Financial Risk Taking. Neuron , 47 (5), 763-770.
  • Kuhnen, C. M., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., & Knutson, B. (2013). Serotonergic Genotypes, Neuroticism, and Financial Choice. PLoS ONE , 8 (1), 1-9.
  • Levine, T. R. (2016). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In C. R. Berger, & M. E. Roloff, The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication (pp. 1-4). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Lissitz, R. W., & Green, S. B. (1975). Effect of the number of scale points on reliability: A Monte Carlo approach. Journal of Applied Psychology , 6 (1), 10-13.
  • Lodish, H., Berk, A., & Zipursky, S.L. (2000). Molecular Cell Biology: Section 21.4 Neurotransmitters, Synapses and Impulse Transmission (4th edition.). New York: W. H. Freeman.
  • Long, J. S. (1983). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
  • MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1991). Organizational citizenship behavior and objective productivity as determinants of managerial evaluations of salespersons' performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 (1), 123-150.
  • Medsker, G. J., Williams, L. J., & Holahan, P. J. (1994). causal models in organizational behavior and human resources management research. Journal of Management , 20 (2), 439-464.
  • Mohr, P. N., & Heekeren, H. R. (2012). The aging investor: Insights from neuroeconomics. (No. 2012-038) , SFB 649, Discussion Paper. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/79631/1/715988948.pdf
  • Mosher, C. P., & Rudebeck, P. H. (2015). The amygdala accountant: new tricks for an old structure. Nature neuroscience , 18 (3), 324-325.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. Michigan University: McGraw-Hill.
  • Osborne, J. W., & Costello, A. B. (2005). Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations for Getting the Most From Your Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation , 10 (7), 1-9.
  • Peterson, R. L. (2014). Neurofinance. In B. H. Kent, & R. Victor, Investor behavior:The Psychology of Financial Planning and Investing (pp. 381- 401). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Piedmont, R. L. (2014). Inter-item Correlations. In A. C. Michalos, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 3303-3304). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 (5), 879- 903.
  • Pompian, M. M. (2006). Neuroeconomics: The Next Frontier for Explaining Investor Behavior. In M. M. Pompian, Behavioral Finance and Waelth Management: How to Build Optimal Portfolios That Account for Investor Biases (pp. 295-302). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Preuschoff, K., Bossaerts, P., & Quartz, S. R. (2006). Neural Differentiation of Expected Reward and Risk in Human Subcortical Structures. Neuron , 51 (3), 381-390.
  • Price, J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1986). Handbook of organizational measurement. Marshfield: Pitman Publishing
  • Revicki, D. (2014). Internal Consistency Reliability. In A. C. Michalos, Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 3305- 3306). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Roch, S. G., & McNall, L. A. (2007). An Investigation of Factors Influencing Accountability and Performance Ratings. The Journal of Psychology , 141 (5), 499-523.
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Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Ahmad, Mumtaz, Asma Tahir, and Nadeem Sohail. 2018. "Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale." Global Social Sciences Review, III (IV): 228-253 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).16
    HARVARD : AHMAD, M., TAHIR, A. & SOHAIL, N. 2018. Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale. Global Social Sciences Review, III, 228-253.
    MHRA : Ahmad, Mumtaz, Asma Tahir, and Nadeem Sohail. 2018. "Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale." Global Social Sciences Review, III: 228-253
    MLA : Ahmad, Mumtaz, Asma Tahir, and Nadeem Sohail. "Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale." Global Social Sciences Review, III.IV (2018): 228-253 Print.
    OXFORD : Ahmad, Mumtaz, Tahir, Asma, and Sohail, Nadeem (2018), "Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale", Global Social Sciences Review, III (IV), 228-253