Pattu: The Dying Fabric Making Art of Baltistan
The traditional Balti dresses were made with a beautiful material, "Pattu". We conducted a survey regarding the procedure of pattu making in Baltistan. The data was collected through in-depth interviews of 30 personnel who were associated with pattu making art. Thematic analysis has been adopted to examine the responses. Pattu fibre was obtained from sheep next convert into yarn and then into the fabric. Pattu was dyed with the help of leaves and fruits. Pattu was used in garments, caps, shawls and carpets. It is the need of time to work on the revival of this dying art of making pattu with new innovations to improve the procedure and speed of making fabric. This study will provide knowledge to our new generations about traditional fabric which helps them build a strong bond with the culture. Bringing the skilled persons from Baltistan on the front line and create economic opportunities for them.
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Baltistan, Culture, Fabric, Heritage, Pakistan, Pattu, Traditional Dress
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(1) Sarwat Halima Haider
Assistant Professor, Government College for Women, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
(2) Afsheen Masood
Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Samia Kalsoom
Professor, College of H. Economics, Gulberg, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Built Heritage of Mansehra Through the Ages and Prospects of Tourism
The district of Mansehra, which is located on the historic Silk Road,has a long history of traditions. Several dynasties governed this region in the past, leaving their footprints in the form of heritage remnants. Hindus, Muslims,Sikhs, and British are the most noticeable among them. The current paper examines a few of these monuments and makes recommendations for how they may be used as tourist attractions. The current state of most structures is deplorable, and comprehensive conservation and tourist management strategy are urgently needed to optimize the benefits of cultural legacy.
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Mansehra, Heritage, Tourism, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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(1) Adnan Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Junaid Bashir
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Anas Mahmud Arif
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
The American Dream Revisited: Marginalized Perspectives in Early American Selected Texts
This study examines the profound impact of the American Revolutionary War on the literary landscape of the era, revealing that themes of isolation, rebelliousness, democracy, loss, and death became defining characteristics of the literature. Through the analysis of a few selected literary texts and drawing on existing research, this study aims to explore the impacts of the war on the literature and contribute to the current understanding of the period's literary heritage, providing evidence of how the war's tumultuous events shaped the creative expression of writers and influenced the broader literary canon. This study uses a directed qualitative content analysis approach, following the framework proposed by Hseih and Shannon, (2005). The study highlights the themes of the selected post-revolutionary war literature and proves that the literature is always affected by the scenario.
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American Revolutionary War, Literary Heritage, Post-Revolutionary War Literature
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(1) Saman Salah
Assistant professor, Department of English Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan.
(2) Khair- Un- Nisa Azeem
Mphil Scholar, Department of English Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan.
(3) Sadaf Akram
Contract Teacher, Department of English Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan.