Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations
After taking control of the North West Frontier from Sikhs, British India introduced a special legal and administrative system, Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) in the early 1870s to administer the frontier. The suppression of resistance to British rule from the native people being its main objective, this special code was in violation of the very fundamental human rights. In this research paper, the researcher will give a brief overview of FCR and will highlight the harsh nature of this colonial-era regulation which violates basic rights of people of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The paper will analyze the implications of FCR for the rights including right to self-determination, equality between man and women, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, right to peaceful assembly and protest, and equal treatment before law. International Human Rights Law (IHRL) will be applied as theoretical framework for this paper. This research paper is based on both primary and secondary sources. Interviews, participant observation, colonial era reports and documents include in primary sources. The method for this analysis will be first to state very briefly as to what standards the articles of the ICCPR demand of states parties to it, and then explain in detail the actual position of these rights in FATA.
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FATA, FCR, Human Rights, IHRL
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(1) Noor Hamid Khan
PhD Scholar at Deportment of Politics and IR at IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Zubair
Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Law, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan
(3) Sumbul Hussan
Junior Research Fellow at HRC, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Cite this article
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APA : Khan, N. H., Zubair, M., & Hussan, S. (2016). Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations. Global Social Sciences Review, I(II), 74-97. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).06
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CHICAGO : Khan, Noor Hamid, Muhammad Zubair, and Sumbul Hussan. 2016. "Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations." Global Social Sciences Review, I (II): 74-97 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).06
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HARVARD : KHAN, N. H., ZUBAIR, M. & HUSSAN, S. 2016. Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations. Global Social Sciences Review, I, 74-97.
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MHRA : Khan, Noor Hamid, Muhammad Zubair, and Sumbul Hussan. 2016. "Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations." Global Social Sciences Review, I: 74-97
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MLA : Khan, Noor Hamid, Muhammad Zubair, and Sumbul Hussan. "Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations." Global Social Sciences Review, I.II (2016): 74-97 Print.
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OXFORD : Khan, Noor Hamid, Zubair, Muhammad, and Hussan, Sumbul (2016), "Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations", Global Social Sciences Review, I (II), 74-97
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TURABIAN : Khan, Noor Hamid, Muhammad Zubair, and Sumbul Hussan. "Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations." Global Social Sciences Review I, no. II (2016): 74-97. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).06