From Repression to Wholeness: A Jungian Analysis of Anima Integration and Individuation in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter
In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s (1967) The Scarlet Letter, Arthur Dimmesdale, a minister in the church of New England, commits adultery with Hester Prynne but hides his sin from the public. He thinks that revealing the secret will mar his name and fame in the society. He is afraid of losing his reputation in his congregation and among his colleagues. From a Jungian lens, Dimmesdale strives to look pious and holy in the eyes of the public that is symbolic of overdeveloped persona. However, overdeveloped persona is achieved at the cost of suppressing the anima. Anima, in Jungian psychoanalysis is ‘the spring of life’. When Dimmesdale loses connection with Anima; the spring of life, his personality becomes lop-sided and his life turns into hell. However, through the process of individuation, connecting to the spring of life leads to wholeness in the personality and happiness in the life of Dimmesdale.
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Anima/Animus, Persona, Individuation, Conscious and Unconscious
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(1) Muhammad Bilal Khan
Lecturer, Department of English, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Inam Ullah
Lecturer, Department of English, GDC No.1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Abdul Qayyum
Assistant Professor, Department of English, GDC No.1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Role of Personal and Ground Safety Measures Affecting Sports Performance
Personal and ground safety measures are considered very significant in contact games. The main objectives were to determine the awareness of safety measures among Cricket and Football players and to analyze the effect of these measures on their performance. Inferential, Correlation, regression analysis, and t-test statistics were employed for data analysis. Data reliability was 0.80. So for the question of mean as well as Standard deviation of the scales Personal Safety Measures(PSM),Ground Safety Measures(GSM) & Self-rating Performance (SRP) are concerned, they were 3.34±0.40, 3.34±0.70 and 3.13±0.46 respectively. The performance of the Cricket & Football players had a positive and significant (p<0.05) correlation with PSM (r=0.59) and GSM (r=0.90). The PSM had an insignificant (p>0.05, β1 =0.05) while GSM had a significant effect (p<0.05, β2 =1.05) on the performance of players of both games. PSM & GSM have a positive & significant correlation with the performance of Cricket and Football players.
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Cricket, Football, Ground, Performance, Personal, Players, Safety
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(1) Mohibullah Khan Marwat
Professor, Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Kashif Mehmood
Lecturer, Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan.
(3) Sajid Hussain
Lecturer, Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan.