Interplay of Direct Anti Smoking Public Service Advertisements and Anti-Smoking Messages Placement Disclosures in Movies with Attitude to Quit Smoking
Recently, the Ministry of Health Pakistan decreed that disclosures of anti- smoking messages placement in the movies should be used whereby fear based cognitive anti-smoking message is shown. Consistent with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) assumption that persuasion messages likely influence the attitude of the relatively unmotivated individuals. This study is the first which tests and compare the ability of anti-smoking persuasion messages presented in the Direct Anti-smoking public service Advertisements (DAA) and Anti-smoking messages Placement Disclosures in movies (APD) in determining viewer’s Attitude to Quit Smoking (AQS). Hence, this attempt overcomes deficient understanding about the effects of disclosing anti-smoking advertisement placement. In a between-subject experiment (N = 120), we measure the smokers’ attitudes in the result of the direct anti-smoking advertisements along with the APDs in movies. Results of the experiment show that attitude to quit smoking becomes stronger when a direct anti-smoking advertisement and anti-smoking disclosure is shown. However, analyses based on Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) on Advanced Analysis for Composites (ADANCO) 2.0.1 (a new software for variance-based SEM) attitude to quit smoking is significantly higher when the anti-smoking message disclosure is shown during the movie scenes. These results have significant implications for persuasion theories and public policy about anti-smoking campaigns.
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Elaboration likelihood model (ELM), Direct Anti-smoking public service Advertisements (DAA), Anti-smoking messages placement disclosures in movies (APD), Attitude to quit smoking (AQS), Partial least
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(1) Syed Hassan Raza
Lecture, Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Anjum Zia
Associate Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Moneeba Iftikhar
Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Impact of Student Satisfaction Index Model on Quality Assessment of Higher Education: Mediating Role of Student Satisfaction
In today's education industry, more and more Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are emerging, where students have a lot of options in opting for the best intuition, which they perceive would fulfil their educational needs and requirements. Both public and private HEIs are constantly evolving their services for the students. This study examine the 'Explanatory Model' which explored the Student Satisfaction Index (SSI) and try to evaluate the student satisfaction level. The software Statistical packages for social sciences is used to test the proposed hypotheses. These HEIs should explore and formulate new and innovative strategies to attract, retain and establish good relationships with students in order to establish or keep their competitive edge in the education industry. This study concluded that 'Perceived Quality' along with other factors, influenced students' satisfaction and loyalty.
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Perceived Quality, European Customer Satisfaction Index (ECSI) model, Student Satisfaction, Student Loyalty, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Partial Least Square
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(1) Sofia Jamil
MS Scholar, Department of Project Management, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.